Search results
Search for "enzymes" in Full Text gives 496 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry. Showing first 200.
Ultrasound-assisted Strecker synthesis of novel 2-(hetero)aryl-2-(arylamino)acetonitrile derivatives
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2929–2936, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.242
- case of the TA98 strain (44–95%), but nevertheless considerable for TA100 strain (46–79%). The results of the antimutagenicity assay indicate a lower inhibition exhibited in the presence of liver homogenate (S9), pointing out that metabolizing enzymes could interfere with the activation of the
3-Acetoxy-fatty acid isoprenyl esters from androconia of the ithomiine butterfly Ithomia salapia
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2776–2787, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.228
- ]. The differences in the isoprenyl esters reported are present in all individuals tested, pointing to distinct differences in activity of biosynthetic enzymes between the two subspecies. Fatty acid esters, which were repeatedly reported to occur in androconia and male scent glands of butterflies [37][38
- describe a group of esters, never before reported in nature, 3-acetoxyacyl isoprenyl esters from Ithomia salapia. The large amounts of these esters in the androconia and the specialized enzymes needed to produce them seem to indicate a pheromonal function of them, especially at close range. Differences in
Vicinal difluorination as a C=C surrogate: an analog of piperine with enhanced solubility, photostability, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2663–2670, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.216
- to different levels of flexibility within the enzyme active sites. A third possibility is that the analog 2 adopts different conformations upon binding to AChE vs BACE-1, since the microenvironments within the enzymes’ active sites could be different (e.g., more/less polar), the “correct” binding
A consensus-based and readable extension of Linear Code for Reaction Rules (LiCoRR)
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2645–2662, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.215
- conception [10], the adaptation of Linear Code to represent reaction rules aimed to describe how glycosylation enzymes change the structure of glycans in terms of how the Linear Code character string descriptions of the glycans are changed (Figure 1). In the simplest case, we can specify a substring of the
Anion exchange resins in phosphate form as versatile carriers for the reactions catalyzed by nucleoside phosphorylases
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2607–2622, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.212
- ). Apparently, a combination of such factors as the molarity of the phosphate buffer and the amount of enzymes per 1 mmol of substrate allows the phosphorolysis reactions to proceed by almost entirely. Taking into account the quantity of UP and PNP in the synthesis of nelarabine employed by Krenitsky et al. [43
- Krenitsky et al. [43] in the transarabinosylation reaction the ratio of substrates to the relevant enzymes (throughout in IU per 1 mmol of substrate) was UP 1,890 IU for Ara-U and PNP 37,780 IU for the heterocyclic base, whereas in our experiment the corresponding values were 516 IU and 1,485 IU for UP and
- activity 167 IU per mg protein), uridine phosphorylase (UP, specific activity 140 IU per mg protein in solution 17 mg/mL), and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP, specific activity 27 IU per mg of protein) [80] have been used throughout of the studies. The powdered enzymes were dissolved in 5 mM K
Leveraging glycomics data in glycoprotein 3D structure validation with Privateer
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2523–2533, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.204
- in the compositions of the glycans added to specific glycosylation sites – microheterogeneity. This variation in the microheterogeneous composition patterns arises due to the competition of glycan-processing enzymes in biosynthesis pathways [23]. Implications for the structure determination of
NMR Spectroscopy of supramolecular chemistry on protein surfaces
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2505–2522, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.203
- recent years, the focus of biochemical research and drug development has shifted from the inhibition of single enzymes to targeting protein-protein interactions [1][2], which play key roles in cellular function and dysfunction [3][4]. Enzymes usually bind their substrates in deep pockets with specific
- metabolic enzymes converting glutamate [111]. The bacteria are grown in a modified M9 minimal medium containing the labeled amino acid, all others in unlabeled form, and the corresponding metabolic pathway inhibitors. To our knowledge, this method has not been applied to study the binding of ligands that
Recent developments in enantioselective photocatalysis
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2363–2441, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.197
Tools for generating and analyzing glycan microarray data
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2260–2271, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.187
- , all concentration plots, and a model structure. The software was designed to be useful for lectin and enzyme analysis. It has been used to discover fine specificities of lectins (AAL, SNA) and glycosidase enzymes (α1-2-fucosidase and an α2-3,6,8-neuraminidase) [45]. 3. SignalFinder-Microarray: Status
pH- and concentration-dependent supramolecular self-assembly of a naturally occurring octapeptide
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2017–2025, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.168
- noncovalent interactions can also be designed to be responsive to various external stimuli, such as heat, pH, light, enzymes, metal ions, and chemical triggers [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. In this regard, a particularly relevant property of peptide assemblies is their
Selective preparation of tetrasubstituted fluoroalkenes by fluorine-directed oxetane ring-opening reactions
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1936–1946, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.160
- nucleotides such as the antiviral agent FPMPA (IV) [7][8][9]. Other main structural modifications of ACN relied on the introduction of a hydroxy group into the aliphatic chain to improve hydrogen bonding with enzymes [10], or of a carbon–carbon double bond to constrain the aliphatic chain and to limit
- hydrogen-bond accepting capacity with proteins or enzymes would be restored [14]. The synthesis of fluoroalkene precursors of modified acyclonucleosides (VIII) has been explored by Choi, and more recently by us [15][16][17]. Nevertheless, it was reported that no antiviral activity for compounds of series
Synthesis, docking study and biological evaluation of ᴅ-fructofuranosyl and ᴅ-tagatofuranosyl sulfones as potential inhibitors of the mycobacterial galactan synthesis targeting the galactofuranosyltransferase GlfT2
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1853–1862, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.152
- site of GlfT2, none of these compounds serve as efficient inhibitors of the enzymes involved in the mycobacterial galactan biosynthesis. Keywords: GlfT2; molecular modeling; mycobacterium tuberculosis; synthesis; transition state inhibitors; Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most prevalent
- galactofuranose (Galf) residues linked by alternating β-(1→5)- and β-(1→6)-glycosidic bonds [4]. The Galf monomer is restricted to some bacteria, fungi and a few protozoan species, and it seems to be absent in humans [5]. The enzymes participating in the galactan build-up could thus be considered as potential
- enzymes require an activated sugar donor uridine diphosphate (UDP)-Galf, which is synthesized from UDP-galactopyranose (UDP-Galp) by the enzyme UDP-Galp mutase [9] (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1). The recently published GlfT2 X-ray structure with a UDP donor part [10] was used in the reaction
Nonenzymatic synthesis of anomerically pure, mannosyl-based molecular probes for scramblase identification studies
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1732–1739, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.145
- characterization of the configuration at the anomeric position was done by HSQC NMR (see Supporting Information File 1). Since the target enzymes are unknown and can be expected to have stereospecific binding sites, the α-configured ᴅ-mannose probe MPC-3 is also important as a reference for our biochemical assays
Antibacterial scalarane from Doriprismatica stellata nudibranchs (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia), egg ribbons, and their dietary sponge Spongia cf. agaricina (Demospongiae, Dictyoceratida)
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1596–1605, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.132
- were shown to share and cover various core functions of sponge metabolism by functionally equivalent symbionts, analogous enzymes, or biosynthetic pathways [16][79][80]. Another Spongia species, S. officinalis, was shown to harbour bacteria with terpenoid cyclases/protein prenyltransferases responsible
A dynamic combinatorial library for biomimetic recognition of dipeptides in water
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1588–1595, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.131
- our initial assumption that dynamic peptides, due to their similarity towards enzymes, can bind a broad scope of biomolecules. ITC measurements suggest that the cyclic tripeptide dimers a(CFC)2 and p(CFC)2 are stronger binders for the aromatic dipeptides FF and YY (K ≈ 229–702 M−1), then for the non
4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-2(1H)-quinolone, originally discovered from a Brassicaceae plant, produced by a soil bacterium of the genus Burkholderia sp.: determination of a preferred tautomer and antioxidant activity
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1489–1494, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.124
- immunity [33], among which redox enzymes and antioxidants are the direct countermeasures to neutralize the toxicity of ROS [34]. Limited examples of antioxidants include catecholamine melanin from a fungus Cryptococcus neoformans [35], 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene melanin from fungi Wangiella dermatitidis and
Photocatalytic trifluoromethoxylation of arenes and heteroarenes in continuous-flow
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1305–1312, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.111
- (Scheme 1A). This property might be responsible for stronger binding affinities of trifluoromethoxylated compounds with the active sites in enzymes, proteins, or other biomolecules [8][9]. Several procedures for the synthesis of trifluoromethyl aryl ethers were reported from the mid-1900s, mostly based on
Synthesis, antiinflammatory activity, and molecular docking studies of bisphosphonic esters as potential MMP-8 and MMP-9 inhibitors
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1277–1287, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.108
- molecular docking analysis led us to propose MMP-8 and MMP-9 inhibition as the possible action mechanism of 3–6 due to the good correlation between the antiinflammatory activity of the bisphosphonic esters and the interaction energy with these enzymes (especially MMP-8). Also, a good correlation between the
- biological effects and interaction of the compounds with the Zn2+ cofactor of these enzymes was observed. Previously reported antiinflammatory bisphosphonates 1 and 2. edema inhibition (in %, carrageenan model, 50 mg/kg) for 1: 7.0; for 2: 22.2. Designed bisphosphonic esters as antiinflammatory agents
- the test compounds was used.a Antiinflammatory activity of 3–6 with a carrageenan oral model. Test compounds: 25 mg/kg.a Molecular properties of the compounds 3–6. MolDock Score and LE1 values (kcal/mol) for the docking experiments of the molecules 3–6 with MMP-8 and MMP-9 enzymes and the
Fluorinated phenylalanines: synthesis and pharmaceutical applications
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1022–1050, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.91
- protein–protein and protein–ligand interactions and consequently metabolic processes [20][21]. Fluorinated phenylalanines (FPhe) have been incorporated into various proteins and enzymes [22][23][24][25] with advantageous biophysical, chemical, and biological properties, and their effect on the stability
- and activity of peptides in therapeutic vaccines and enzymes has been studied [19][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. In this review we provide an overview for the various syntheses of FPhes and analogues. Five different categories of FPhe are represented and are classified I–V according to the position
Fabclavine diversity in Xenorhabdus bacteria
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 956–965, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.84
- the anterior midgut of larvae [43]. Consequently, this mode of action could also be possible for fabclavines. Conclusion This study revealed a large chemical diversity for fabclavine derivatives among different Xenorhabdus strains, which is achieved by the promiscuity of single enzymes or domains
Copper catalysis with redox-active ligands
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 858–870, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.77
- -abundant metals, such as copper, with radical ligands is originally known from biological systems such as metalloenzymes [1]. Among the myriad of existing enzymes, galactose oxidase (GAO) is a copper-based enzyme performing the two-electron oxidation of galactose through a mechanism involving the metal and
- . Among other tasks, copper enzymes are known to be actively involved in electron transfer as exemplified by blue copper enzymes, which have captured the interest of chemists and biochemists. Copper can also cooperate with iron to perform activation of O2 and nitrogen oxides (NOx) in cytochrome c oxidases
- could be circumvented through ligand modification. Phenol oxidation is ubiquitous in biological systems as demonstrated by the involvement of the copper enzymes tyrosinases (type III) in the melanogenesis process. The regioselectivity and reactivity of the oxidation of phenols are strongly dependent on
Recent advances in Cu-catalyzed C(sp3)–Si and C(sp3)–B bond formation
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 691–737, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.67
- boron can lead to dative bond formation with enzymes, and therefore increase binding affinity. As shown in Scheme 1, several silicon [9][10][11][12] and boron-containing [13][14][15][16] drugs have already entered the market, or are currently in the drug development pipeline. As the number of drugs
Design and synthesis of diazine-based panobinostat analogues for HDAC8 inhibition
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 628–637, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.59
- involve acetylation/deacetylation of histone proteins by histone deacetylases (HDACs) [1]. HDACs belong to an important family of enzymes consisting of 18 isozymes. They control protein acetylation, which is a change that occurs after translation. In addition, they regulate gene transcription, cell
Synthesis and herbicidal activities of aryloxyacetic acid derivatives as HPPD inhibitors
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 233–247, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.25
- . Keywords: aryloxyacetic acid; herbicidal activity; 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase; modification; synthesis; Introduction 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.27, HPPD), which belongs to the family of non-heme FeII-containing enzymes, is a vital enzyme for tyrosine catabolism. This enzyme
Reversible photoswitching of the DNA-binding properties of styrylquinolizinium derivatives through photochromic [2 + 2] cycloaddition and cycloreversion
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 111–124, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.13
- structural changes of the nucleic acid. In turn, both of these processes interfere with biologically relevant recognition processes between DNA and enzymes, e.g., topoisomerase [10]. Therefore, many potential lead structures of chemotherapeutic anticancer drugs exhibit DNA-binding properties [1][2][3][4][5
Other Beilstein-Institut Open Science Activities
