Functionalization of the imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine ring in α-phosphonoacrylates and α-phosphonopropionates via microwave-assisted Mizoroki–Heck reaction

• Damian Kusy,
• Agata Wojciechowska,
• Joanna Małolepsza and
• Katarzyna M. Błażewska

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 15–21, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.3

• confirmed by the presence in a number of pharmaceuticals [2][3]. The imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-ring modification via Pd-catalyzed reactions is broadly reported in the literature [3], however, such functionalizations for more complex molecules are not very common. On the other hand, the Mizoroki–Heck reaction

A green, economical synthesis of β-ketonitriles and trifunctionalized building blocks from esters and lactones

• Daniel P. Pienaar,
• Kamogelo R. Butsi,
• Amanda L. Rousseau and
• Dean Brady

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2930–2935, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.287

• the synthesis of heteroaromatic compounds and a wide variety of pharmaceuticals. A recent review by Kiyokawa et al. summarizes the applications of these valuable compounds and the abundant methods that have been developed over recent decades to prepare them [1], most of which still involve

An improved, scalable synthesis of Notum inhibitor LP-922056 using 1-chloro-1,2-benziodoxol-3-one as a superior electrophilic chlorinating agent

• Nicky J. Willis,
• Elliott D. Bayle,
• George Papageorgiou,
• David Steadman,
• Benjamin N. Atkinson,
• William Mahy and
• Paul V. Fish

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2790–2797, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.271

• , Figure 1) is an orally active inhibitor of Notum recently reported by Lexicon Pharmaceuticals [5][6]. Their research with 1 has shown that Notum is a potential drug target for stimulating bone formation and treating osteoporosis [7]. However, although 1 demonstrates low plasma clearance, the structure

Recent advances in transition-metal-catalyzed incorporation of fluorine-containing groups

• Xiaowei Li,
• Xiaolin Shi,
• Xiangqian Li and
• Dayong Shi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2213–2270, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.218

• , carbon–fluorine bonds have become an integral part of pharmaceutical [2][3], agricultural [4], materials industries [5], and tracers for positron emission tomography [6]. According to statistics, about 35% of agrochemicals and 20% of pharmaceuticals contain fluorine [7]. Although the content of fluorine

Azologization and repurposing of a hetero-stilbene-based kinase inhibitor: towards the design of photoswitchable sirtuin inhibitors

• Christoph W. Grathwol,
• Nathalie Wössner,
• Sören Swyter,
• Adam C. Smith,
• Enrico Tapavicza,
• Robert K. Hofstetter,
• Anja Bodtke,
• Manfred Jung and
• Andreas Link

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2170–2183, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.214

• selective Sirt1 inhibitor, passed phase II clinical trials as a disease-modifying therapeutic for Huntington’s disease (HD) and was acquainted by AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals AG for phase III trials in 2017 [9][10]. Its structure comprises a carboxamide moiety, which mimics the amide group of the endogenous

Reactions of 2-carbonyl- and 2-hydroxy(or methoxy)alkyl-substituted benzimidazoles with arenes in the superacid CF₃SO₃H. NMR and DFT studies of dicationic electrophilic species

• Dmitry S. Ryabukhin,
• Alexey N. Turdakov,
• Natalia S. Soldatova,
• Mikhail O. Kompanets,
• Alexander Yu. Ivanov,
• Irina A. Boyarskaya and
• Aleksander V. Vasilyev

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1962–1973, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.191

• –Crafts reaction; triflic acid; Introduction Imidazoles and benzimidazoles are important heterocyclic scaffolds in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. They also have applications in the fields of dyes, chemo-sensing, and fluorescent materials [3]. (Benz)imidazoles are a

• superelectrophilic activation approach, we have developed a useful synthetically procedure for the modification of the benzimidazole structure. Examples of some commercially available pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals containing the benzimidazole scaffold. Formation of cationic species by protonation of 5-formyl-4

A metal-free approach for the synthesis of amides/esters with pyridinium salts of phenacyl bromides via oxidative C–C bond cleavage

• Kesari Lakshmi Manasa,
• Yellaiah Tangella,
• Namballa Hari Krishna and
• Mallika Alvala

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1864–1871, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.182

• chemistry. The occurrence of an amide and/or ester bond is widely realized in organic molecules, proteins, natural products, pharmaceuticals, polymers and agrochemicals [1][2][3][4][5]. The conventional synthesis of amides involves the reaction of carboxylic acids or their derivatives such as acyl halides

• and 13C NMR spectra of the compounds. Acknowledgements The authors thank the Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers Govt. of India, New Delhi for the award of NIPER fellowship.

Steroid diversification by multicomponent reactions

• Leslie Reguera,
• Cecilia I. Attorresi,
• Javier A. Ramírez and
• Daniel G. Rivera

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1236–1256, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.121

• promise for the future development of peptide pharmaceuticals. 5 Multicomponent synthesis of steroidal macrocycles and cages Since the beginning of this century, the field of macrocycle synthesis has witnessed the emergence of MCRs as effective ring closing procedures, including the cyclization of large

Synthesis of aryl cyclopropyl sulfides through copper-promoted S-cyclopropylation of thiophenols using cyclopropylboronic acid

• Emeline Benoit,
• Ahmed Fnaiche and
• Alexandre Gagnon

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1162–1171, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.113

• was supported by Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. through a Scientific Advancement Grant, by a provincial Fonds de Recherche du Québec, Nature et Technologies (FRQNT) team grant and by the Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC).

Switchable selectivity in Pd-catalyzed [3 + 2] annulations of γ-oxy-2-cycloalkenones with 3-oxoglutarates: C–C/C–C vs C–C/O–C bond formation

• Yang Liu,
• Julie Oble and
• Giovanni Poli

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1107–1115, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.107

• relevant pharmaceuticals and/or natural products (Figure 1) [34][35][36][37][38]. Indeed, we anticipated that the latter step might occur through either C-addition or O-addition (Scheme 2, products III (or V) vs IV) [32][39][40][41][42]. Therefore, an inherent challenge associated to this ambident

Synthesis of a novel category of pseudo-peptides using an Ugi three-component reaction of levulinic acid as bifunctional substrate, amines, and amino acid-based isocyanides

• Maryam Khalesi,
• Azim Ziyaei Halimehjani and
• Jürgen Martens

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 852–857, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.82

• by acid catalysis from renewable resources, such as sugars, lignocellulosic biomass and waste materials [18]. It can be used as a bifunctional precursor for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, plasticizers, and different additives [19]. Furthermore, it is recognized as an excellent starting material

Diastereo- and enantioselective preparation of cyclopropanol derivatives

• Marwan Simaan and
• Ilan Marek

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 752–760, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.71

• are also important precursors in the synthesis of various biologically active molecules and pharmaceuticals such as antidepressants, antiviral and antibacterial drugs [4]. Cyclopropanols and their derivatives are considered to be carbocyclic homologues of enols presenting similar chemical properties

New sesquiterpenoids from the South China Sea soft corals Clavularia viridis and Lemnalia flava

• Qihao Wu,
• Yuan Gao,
• Meng-Meng Zhang,
• Li Sheng,
• Jia Li,
• Xu-Wen Li,
• Hong Wang and
• Yue-Wei Guo

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 695–702, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.64

• and Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China 10.3762/bjoc.15.64 Abstract A detailed chemical investigation of the South China Sea soft corals Clavularia viridis and Lemnalia flava yielded four

Low-budget 3D-printed equipment for continuous flow reactions

• Jochen M. Neumaier,
• Amiera Madani,
• Thomas Klein and
• Thomas Ziegler

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 558–566, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.50

• flow [2][3][4]. One use of such multiple step reactions is, for instance, the on-demand production of pharmaceuticals using compact, reconfigurable continuous flow systems [5]. The combination of flow chemistry with 3D-printed reactors is also a growing terrain in the last years [6][7][8][9][10][11][12

Back to the future: Why we need enzymology to build a synthetic metabolism of the future

• Tobias J. Erb

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 551–557, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.49

• the nature and reactivity of the chemical bond enabled chemists to use their knowledge to create new molecules and materials [3][4]. This development provided humankind with new chemical compounds, such as color dyes, pharmaceuticals, as well as polymers and plastics. Given its transforming nature, it

Dirhodium(II)-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition of N-arylaminocyclopropane with alkyne derivatives

• Wentong Liu,
• Yi Kuang,
• Zhifan Wang,
• Jin Zhu and
• Yuanhua Wang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 542–550, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.48

• cycloaddition protocol. Keywords: [3 + 2]; alkyne; cycloaddition; cyclopropanes; dirhodium catalysis; N-arylaminocyclopropanes; Introduction N-Arylaminocyclopropanes 1 are important structural motifs for pharmaceuticals and are found especially in marketed fluoroquinolone antibiotics [1], such as

A chemoenzymatic synthesis of ceramide trafficking inhibitor HPA-12

• Seema V. Kanojia,
• Sucheta Chatterjee,
• Subrata Chattopadhyay and
• Dibakar Goswami

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 490–496, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.42

• can be executed under simple reaction conditions with commercially available and inexpensive materials/reagents. In this regard biocatalytic reactions offer green and sustainable alternative routes to develop asymmetric syntheses of pharmaceuticals with varied stereochemical features [30][31][32][33

Computational characterization of enzyme-bound thiamin diphosphate reveals a surprisingly stable tricyclic state: implications for catalysis

• Ferran Planas,
• Michael J. McLeish and
• Fahmi Himo

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 145–159, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.15

• -dependent enzymes generally catalyze the breakdown and formation of C–C bonds adjacent to a carbonyl group [1][2]. The resultant 2-hydroxyketones are often chiral, so these enzymes are being increasingly studied for their use as biocatalysts in the preparation of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals [3]. ThDP

Synthesis of a tubugi-1-toxin conjugate by a modulizable disulfide linker system with a neuropeptide Y analogue showing selectivity for hY1R-overexpressing tumor cells

• Rainer Kufka,
• Robert Rennert,
• Goran N. Kaluđerović,
• Lutz Weber,
• Wolfgang Richter and
• Ludger A. Wessjohann

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 96–105, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.11

• Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Leberstr. 20, A-1110 Vienna, Austria 10.3762/bjoc.15.11 Abstract Tubugi-1 is a small cytotoxic peptide with picomolar cytotoxicity. To improve its cancer cell targeting, it was conjugated using a universal, modular disulfide derivative. This allowed conjugation to a neuropeptide-Y (NPY

Asymmetric synthesis of a high added value chiral amine using immobilized ω-transaminases

• Antonella Petri,
• Valeria Colonna and
• Oreste Piccolo

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 60–66, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.6

• pharmaceuticals, fragrances and agricultural products [1]. It is therefore important to develop methods for their preparation which can be suitable for a large scale production. In this context there is an increasing interest in reactions including ω-transaminases (TAs) which have been identified as a greener and

Molecular iodine-catalyzed one-pot multicomponent synthesis of 5-amino-4-(arylselanyl)-1H-pyrazoles

• Camila S. Pires,
• Daniela H. de Oliveira,
• Maria R. B. Pontel,
• Jean C. Kazmierczak,
• Roberta Cargnelutti,
• Diego Alves,
• Raquel G. Jacob and
• Ricardo F. Schumacher

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2789–2798, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.256

• importance in bioactive compounds, pharmaceuticals, and as chemical intermediates for organic and inorganic synthesis [1][2]. As a consequence, the development of efficient and practical methods for C–Se bond formation is still a promising field of research in organic chemistry. Despite the several number of

Design and synthesis of C₃-symmetric molecules bearing propellane moieties via cyclotrimerization and a ring-closing metathesis sequence

• Sambasivarao Kotha,
• Saidulu Todeti and
• Vikas R. Aswar

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2537–2544, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.230

• units in bioactive natural products and pharmaceuticals. Some of these propellanes exhibit intresting properties like antibiotic, antifungal, anticancer, platelet-activating factor antagonistic and antibacterial activities. The propellane skeleton is present in many alkaloids such as aknadinine (1

Quinolines from the cyclocondensation of isatoic anhydride with ethyl acetoacetate: preparation of ethyl 4-hydroxy-2-methylquinoline-3-carboxylate and derivatives

• Nicholas G. Jentsch,
• Jared D. Hume,
• Emily B. Crull,
• Samer M. Beauti,
• Amy H. Pham,
• Julie A. Pigza,
• Jacques J. Kessl and
• Matthew G. Donahue

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2529–2536, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.229

• ], quinolines are only present in approximately 2% of FDA approved prescription pharmaceuticals [2]. Recently, 2,3,4-trisubstituted arylquinolines such as BI 224436 1 [3][4] and 2 [5][6] have been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity against HIV-1 integrase that is essential for viral replication through

Synthesis of aryl sulfides via radical–radical cross coupling of electron-rich arenes using visible light photoredox catalysis

• Amrita Das,
• Mitasree Maity,
• Simon Malcherek,
• Burkhard König and
• Julia Rehbein

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2520–2528, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.228

• prefunctionalized arenes. Selected examples of sulfenylated heterocycles used in pharmaceuticals and material chemistry. Crystal structures of compounds 3a, 3d, 3e and 3i. (a) Changes in the fluorescence spectra (in this case intensity, λEx = 455 nm) of [Ir(dF(CF3)ppy)2(dtbpy)]PF6 upon the addition of 1,2,4

Synthesis of indolo[1,2-c]quinazolines from 2-alkynylaniline derivatives through Pd-catalyzed indole formation/cyclization with N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal

• Antonio Arcadi,
• Sandro Cacchi,
• Giancarlo Fabrizi,
• Francesca Ghirga,
• Antonella Goggiamani,
• Antonia Iazzetti and
• Fabio Marinelli

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2411–2417, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.218

• related to hinckdentine A received increasing attention as a source of new and useful pharmaceuticals. One well-established approach is based on the elaboration of a preformed indole ring, for example through cyclocondensation of 2-(o-aminophenyl)indoles with 2-cyanobenzothiazoles [14], aldehydes [9] and