Electrical, photocatalytic, and sensory properties of graphene oxide and polyimide implanted with low- and medium-energy silver ions

• Josef Novák,
• Eva Štěpanovská,
• Petr Malinský,
• Vlastimil Mazánek,
• Jan Luxa,
• Ulrich Kentsch and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1794–1811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.123

• Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic Ion Beam Center, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.16.123 Abstract Precise control of electrical conductivity, humidity sensitivity, and photocatalytic

• and enhances both the photocatalytic activity and humidity sensitivity of GO and PI. The most pronounced improvements occurred at higher fluences, where defect generation and partial deoxygenation contributed to optimal performance. Ion implantation thus represents an effective approach for tuning the

• various metallic ions available for ion implantation, Ag offers a unique combination of properties that make it particularly suitable for simultaneous enhancement of conductivity, humidity sensitivity, and photocatalytic activity [4]. Ag exhibits high electrical conductivity, strong catalytic activity

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

• , exhibits mucoadhesive properties, and its pH sensitivity serves as a valuable tool for controlling the release of encapsulated molecules [142][143]. Thus, alginate, with carboxyl groups (COO−), undergoes protonation and contracts in acidic environments, while in basic environments, it swells due to the

Advances of aptamers in esophageal cancer diagnosis, treatment and drug delivery

• Yang Fei,
• Hui Xu,
• Chunwei Zhang,
• Jingjing Wang and
• Yong Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1734–1750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.121

• to improve the penetration and accumulation of drugs in the lesion, providing more possibilities for the treatment strategy of EC. In addition, aptamer-based biosensors offer flexibility in design, combined with nanotechnology to achieve outstanding sensitivity [41]. Detection of EC-related

• disease progression, primarily encompassing proteins, nucleic acids, metabolites, and cellular components [44]. To be clinically relevant, these markers must demonstrate both high sensitivity and specificity, enabling robust diagnostic and prognostic capabilities. Most biosensors for cancer detection use

• a single biometric element to directly analyze biomarkers [45][46], while dual-system biosensors combine two antibodies and/or aptamers [47] into a better composite material to improve the specificity and sensitivity of the sensor. Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a gold nanoparticle aptasensor

Beyond the bilayer: multilayered hygroscopic actuation in pine cone scales

• Kim Ulrich,
• Max David Mylo,
• Tom Masselter,
• Fabian Scheckenbach,
• Sophia Fischerbauer,
• Martin Nopens,
• Silja Flenner,
• Imke Greving,
• Linnea Hesse and
• Thomas Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1695–1710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.119

• points. These were located at the two adaxial apical corners of each geometry and at the adaxial apical center (Figure S2, Supporting Information File 2). In order to assess the sensitivity of the FE analyses with respect to the expansion coefficients in the measured ranges, two comparative simulations

• , Supporting Information File 2). A lower expansion coefficient resulted in negligible lateral curvature, while a higher expansion coefficient resulted in increased lateral curvature. To validate the FE simulations, a mesh sensitivity analysis was performed based on the trilayer geometry with fibers. Further

• mesh refinement with an increased number of nodes by a factor of ~3 resulted in a relative change in maximum deformation of only around 0.1% (For the mesh sensitivity analysis, elements sizes were changed from 0.15 mm (fibers) and 0.1 mm (sclereid layer and brown tissue) to 0.1 and 0.067 mm

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• spectroscopy (XPS) is a powerful surface science technique that enables the investigation of modifications in the chemical environment of a sample surface and its electronic states, owing to its exceptional surface sensitivity. However, the requirement for ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions previously limited

• observation of catalytic surfaces under reaction conditions. This allows for full life cycle characterization of catalysts, offering insights into surface structure, composition, and dynamic behavior during catalysis. Thanks to its intrinsic surface sensitivity, APXPS is uniquely positioned to probe the

• answer. Comparing continuous and pump–probe acquisition: Pump–probe mode offers higher sensitivity to transient signals and smaller datasets but requires precise periodic modulation. It is ideal for fast, repeatable processes. Continuous acquisition, in contrast, is suitable for systems with self

Influence of laser beam profile on morphology and optical properties of silicon nanoparticles formed by laser ablation in liquid

• Natalie Tarasenka,
• Vladislav Kornev,
• Alena Nevar and
• Nikolai Tarasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1533–1544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.108

• , USA) equipped with Peltier-cooled CCD-detector and with a xenon arc lamp for excitation. The measured spectra were corrected for the spectral sensitivity of the spectrofluorometer. Results and Discussion Morphology and crystal structure The morphology characterization of as-formed Si NPs was performed

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• challenges such as thin film defects, including comet marks, striation, chuck marks, environmental sensitivity, and edge effects. Remedies for these issues have been explained in a comprehensive review of the spin coating technique that emphasized parameters controlling the process, including spin speed

Photochemical synthesis of silver nanoprisms via green LED irradiation and evaluation of SERS activity

• Tuan Anh Mai-Ngoc,
• Nhi Kieu Vo,
• Cong Danh Nguyen,
• Thi Kim Xuan Nguyen and
• Thanh Sinh Do

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1417–1427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.103

• triangular sharp, well-defined vertices exhibit better SERS properties than round-edged or poorly defined nanoplate structures. To further evaluate sensitivity, Raman spectra of mixture of AgNPrs and 4-MBA with various concentration ranging from 10−5 M to 10−9 M were recorded. As shown in Figure 9a, the peak

Parylene-coated platinum nanowire electrodes for biomolecular sensing applications

• Chao Liu,
• Peker Milas,
• Michael G. Spencer and
• Birol Ozturk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1392–1400, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.101

• and components [3]. Advancements in materials science over the past two decades have driven significant progress in the development of nanoscale electrodes. Their high surface-to-volume ratio and nanoscale dimensions offer inherent advantages, including improved response time, improved sensitivity

• . developed a glucose sensor using copper nanowires and CNTs, achieving a limit of detection as low as 0.3 nM, highlighting the remarkable sensitivity of CNT-based electrodes [9]. Nevertheless, several studies reported the toxicity of CNTs for tissues and cells including loss of cellular integrity, DNA damage

• -volume ratio, enhancing sensitivity and functionalization capabilities. Baetsen-Young et al. used dextrin-capped gold nanoparticles (12 nm) with ssDNA to detect the presence of Pseudoperonospora cubensis DNA, where the results show the ability to detect 18 spores/µL crude extractions [11]. However, the

Synthesis and antibacterial properties of nanosilver-modified cellulose triacetate membranes for seawater desalination

• Lei Wang,
• Shizhe Li,
• Kexin Xu,
• Wenjun Li,
• Ying Li and
• Gang Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.100

• and Ag) are present in extremely low quantities relative to the CTA matrix. (For specific details on the content of the modifying layers, please refer to Supporting Information File 1.) The sensitivity of FTIR spectroscopy depends on the concentration of the absorbed species and the path length of the

• . Although modern NMR instruments have improved sensitivity, there is still a practical detection threshold. If the concentration of PDA falls below this threshold, the signal may not be detectable or may be too weak to provide meaningful information. These factors make it challenging to detect and quantify

Ferroptosis induction by engineered liposomes for enhanced tumor therapy

• Alireza Ghasempour,
• Mohammad Amin Tokallou,
• Mohammad Reza Naderi Allaf,
• Mohsen Moradi,
• Hamideh Dehghan,
• Mahsa Sedighi,
• Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi and
• Fahimeh Lavi Arab

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1325–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.97

• the sensitivity of tumor cells to these treatments and improve the efficacy of these treatments [14][15][16]. New technologies, innovative methods, and interdisciplinary research will drive progress in ferroptosis research and its medical applications [13]. Recently, nanotechnology has expanded its

• susceptible to ferroptosis [84][85]. In small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), SCLC cells that are non-neuroendocrine exhibit significantly higher sensitivity to ferroptosis compared to neuroendocrine SCLC cells, which can be attributed in part to the overexpression of ether phospholipids (ePLs) synthesis enzymes in

• non-neuroendocrine SCLC cells and their elevated levels of PUFA-ePLs [86]. Additionally, triple-negative breast cancer cells were observed to be sensitive to ferroptosis. This sensitivity has been attributed to various metabolic characteristics of these cells, such as their high levels of

Better together: biomimetic nanomedicines for high performance tumor therapy

• Imran Shair Mohammad,
• Gizem Kursunluoglu,
• Anup Kumar Patel,
• Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq,
• Cansu Umran Tunc,
• Dilek Kanarya,
• Mubashar Rehman,
• Omer Aydin and
• Yin Lifang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1246–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.92

• addition, the escalation of new glitches such as drug sensitivity in tumor cells has been reduced due to the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) by various factors, including ATP-dependent drug efflux, selective stress of drugs, altered DNA repair mechanisms, cellular heterogeneity, recurrence, and

Electronic and optical properties of chloropicrin adsorbed ZnS nanotubes: first principle analysis

• Prakash Yadav,
• Boddepalli SanthiBhushan and
• Anurag Srivastava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1184–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.87

• . Semiconductor nanomaterials such as graphene, B12N12, fullerene C60, carbon nanotubes, WO₃, ZnO, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, SnO₂, TiO₂, MoS₂, and NiO have been widely employed in gas sensor applications due to their superior selectivity, sensitivity, and response characteristics [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29

• composites with other materials, such as carbon nanotubes, to optimize performance [26]. Furthermore, the flexible synthesis of ZnS NTs with controlled morphology and size allows for tailoring their sensing capabilities. External stimuli combined with machine learning can further enhance their sensitivity

• ZnO@ZnS heterostructures and ZnS NTs exhibited superior amperometric cholesterol sensing performance, with ZnS NTs achieving the highest sensitivity (598 mA/m2) and low detection limits among the configurations studied. Despite these advances, the use of ZnS NT for detecting chloropicrin (CP), a

Mechanical stability of individual bacterial cells under different osmotic pressure conditions: a nanoindentation study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Lizeth García-Torres,
• Idania De Alba Montero,
• Eleazar Samuel Kolosovas-Machuca,
• Facundo Ruiz,
• Sumati Bhatia,
• Jose Luis Cuellar Camacho and
• Jaime Ruiz-García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1171–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.86

• minimum damage to the mechanical integrity of the cell membrane. Before each experiment in FV mode, the cantilever was calibrated using the thermal-noise method which is integrated in the multimode AFM software and is briefly described next. First, the optical-lever sensitivity (OLS) of the cantilever was

Transfer function of an asymmetric superconducting Gauss neuron

• Fedor A. Razorenov,
• Aleksander S. Ionin,
• Nikita S. Shuravin,
• Liubov N. Karelina,
• Mikhail S. Sidel’nikov,
• Sergey V. Egorov and
• Vitaly V. Bol’ginov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1160–1170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.85

• contain a Josephson junction JJA,B and an inductance LA,B, which is also used for receiving input signal. It is assumed that the input arms of the neuron are identical, including equal sensitivity to the input signal. These arms form the two-junction interferometer, and each of them is shunted by the

• elements (a JJ and an inductance) and is characterized by three quantities, namely, its own (geometric) inductance, the critical current of the JJ (Josephson inductance), and the sensitivity to the input signal (i.e., mutual inductance with the CL). The fluxes ϕout and ϕb cannot be a direct source of

Towards a quantitative theory for transmission X-ray microscopy

• James G. McNally,
• Christoph Pratsch,
• Stephan Werner,
• Stefan Rehbein,
• Andrew Gibbs,
• Jihao Wang,
• Thomas Lunkenbein,
• Peter Guttmann and
• Gerd Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1113–1128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.82

Piezoelectricity of hexagonal boron nitrides improves bone tissue generation as tested on osteoblasts

• Sevin Adiguzel,
• Nilay Cicek,
• Zehra Cobandede,
• Feray B. Misirlioglu,
• Hulya Yilmaz and
• Mustafa Culha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1068–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.78

• osteoblast cell activity, the HOb cell line (cell line no. 406-05a, European Collection of Cell Cultures, UK) was chosen due to its sensitivity to mechanical and electric stimuli. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection, cellular uptake, scratch, and von Kossa staining assays (Abcam, UK) were

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

A calix[4]arene-based supramolecular nanoassembly targeting cancer cells and triggering the release of nitric oxide with green light

• Cristina Parisi,
• Loredana Ferreri,
• Tassia J. Martins,
• Francesca Laneri,
• Samantha Sollima,
• Antonina Azzolina,
• Antonella Cusimano,
• Nicola D’Antona,
• Grazia M. L. Consoli and
• Salvatore Sortino

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1003–1013, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.75

• amperometric detection with a World Precision Instrument, ISO-NO meter, equipped with a data acquisition system, and based on direct amperometric detection of NO with a short response time (<5 s) and sensitivity range from 1 nM to 20 mM. The analog signal was digitalized with a four-channel recording system

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

• -retrieved to image the specimen, revealing strained lattice deformations along the direction parallel to the Bragg reflection. Whilst this Bragg CDI offers exceptional sensitivity to lattice strain fields formed over the whole specimen, its imaging capability relies on successfully collecting a complete 3D

Focused ion beam-induced platinum deposition with a low-temperature cesium ion source

• Thomas Henning Loeber,
• Bert Laegel,
• Meltem Sezen,
• Feray Bakan Misirlioglu,
• Edgar J. D. Vredenbregt and
• Yang Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 910–920, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.69

• demonstrates the location sensitivity of TEM-EDS. This location sensitivity makes it likely that the FEBID-C protective layer is not the main contributor to the higher C% of Cs+ FIBID-Pt. The composition of the Cs+ FIBID-Pt stays mostly constant for beam energies above 2 kV. The 2 kV Cs+ FIBID, being closer to

Heat-induced transformation of nickel-coated polycrystalline diamond film studied in situ by XPS and NEXAFS

• Olga V. Sedelnikova,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Dmitriy V. Gorodetskiy,
• Yuri N. Palyanov,
• Elena V. Shlyakhova,
• Eugene A. Maksimovskiy,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva and
• Aleksandr V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 887–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.67

• -coated PCD films were conducted at the experimental station of the Russian–German Beamline using the BESSY II synchrotron radiation facility. To achieve variable depth sensitivity, XPS spectra were collected at two excitation photon energies, and NEXAFS spectra were recorded using two registration modes

Ar⁺ implantation-induced tailoring of RF-sputtered ZnO films: structural, morphological, and optical properties

• Manu Bura,
• Divya Gupta,
• Arun Kumar and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 872–886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.66

• the Si substrate, the oxygen content contains contributions from both SiO2 and ZnO. The variations in grain size and RMS roughness of ZnO films with increase in ion fluence follow the same trend in AFM and FESEM analyses, but with different magnitudes. This is because of the greater sensitivity of AFM

Insights into the electronic and atomic structures of cerium oxide-based ultrathin films and nanostructures using high-brilliance light sources

• Paola Luches and
• Federico Boscherini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 860–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.65

• applications, examining the application of high-brilliance light sources on model systems such as supported thin films and epitaxial nanostructures. We review selected studies exploiting the high energy resolution and sensitivity of synchrotron radiation-based X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray

• sensitivity, atomic selectivity, spatial and energy resolution, synchrotron radiation-based techniques, which utilize high-brilliance photon beams, have enabled refined characterization of the electronic, structural, and morphological properties of these materials, as well as the modifications they undergo

• spectroscopy (XPS) has significantly advanced the characterization of low-dimensional cerium oxide structures by offering much higher sensitivity and energy resolution than conventional XPS [21][22][23][24]. In addition, the possibility to select photon energies in a broad range permits to tune the depth

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• combination of rice-like shaped particles with sphere-like particles as in FDMF spin-coated films (in our case) are intriguing because the rice-shaped NPs probably have a less dense capping layer at the sharp apex, which makes carrier transfer easier [61]. Due to their benefits of high sensitivity, device