Mechanistic insights into endosomal escape by sodium oleate-modified liposomes

• Ebrahim Sadaqa,
• Satrialdi,
• Fransiska Kurniawan and
• Diky Mudhakir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1667–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.131

• environment, which is representative of endosomal conditions. In contrast, at pH 7.4, the fusion percentage for SO was significantly lower, peaking at only 10% at the highest concentration, highlighting the pH-sensitivity of SO’s fusogenic effect. A similar trend was observed for the positive control, DOPE

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• detection (LODs) of Cd2+, Pb2+, As3+, and Cr3+ were 141.79, 131.33, 215.35, and 245.49 ppb, respectively. These values suggest a competitive sensitivity compared to other nanoparticle-based sensors reported in the literature. Additionally, the catalytic activity of ʟ-car-AgNPs was studied regarding the

Electrochemical nanostructured CuBTC/FeBTC MOF composite sensor for enrofloxacin detection

• Thi Kim Ngan Nguyen,
• Tien Dat Doan,
• Huy Hieu Luu,
• Hoang Anh Nguyen,
• Thi Thu Ha Vu,
• Quang Hai Tran,
• Ha Tran Nguyen,
• Thanh Binh Dang,
• Thi Hai Yen Pham and
• Mai Ha Hoang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1522–1535, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.120

• capacity, and an acceptable efficacy of the electron transfer, Cu3(BTC)2 exhibited a good sensitivity to 2,4-dichlorophenol in the range from 0.04 to 1.00 μM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 9 nM in differential pulse voltammetry measurements. Moreover, the combination of metal oxides and MOFs showed better

• ][47][48][49]. Additionally, the sensitivity of the sensor was calculated to be 56.14 µA/µM. Anti-interference study This study aimed to investigate the influence of organic and inorganic substances on the performance of a sensor by evaluating the changes in the ENR signal when these substances were

Strain-induced bandgap engineering in 2D ψ-graphene materials: a first-principles study

• Kamal Kumar,
• Nora H. de Leeuw,
• Jost Adam and
• Abhishek Kumar Mishra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1440–1452, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.116

• slight reduction in the lattice parameters, was found to be sufficient for a metal-to-semiconductor transition in ψ-graphone (Figure 3). These results indicate the extreme sensitivity of the ψ-graphone crystal structure to mechanical strain (tensile or compressive). As the magnitude of strain increases

• , at a negative mechanical strain of around −14%, a bandgap of 0.2 eV becomes apparent in the band structure of ψ-graphene, changing it from zero-bandgap to a narrow-bandgap semiconductor. These results signify ψ-graphene’s low bandgap sensitivity to mechanical strain. Enhanced sensitivity to

• mechanical strain was observed in ψ-graphone, a zero-bandgap material. We found that the bandgap of ψ-graphone can be opened even under a slight strain of −1% or +1%, highlighting the remarkable sensitivity of ψ-graphone towards mechanical deformation. In contrast, ψ-graphane is a direct-bandgap material

Investigation of Hf/Ti bilayers for the development of transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters

• Victoria Y. Safonova,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Dmitry A. Pimanov,
• Anton A. Yablokov and
• Andrey L. Pankratov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1353–1361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.108

• based on a transition-edge sensor (TES) are the most common concept [5]. The developed detectors have an energy resolution of the order of a few electronvolts, which is insufficient for many important applications. At present, the work on increasing the sensitivity of TES-based microcalorimeters is

• ongoing, and the choice of a superconductor material plays an important role here [6][7]. An increase in sensitivity can be achieved by lowering the critical temperature TC below 100 mK. A known solution is two- or multilayer films of various superconductors and normal metals to suppress the transition

• sensitivity of the microcalorimeter. Our Hf films demonstrate superconductivity at half of the thickness of Ir films [12], allowing for the reduction of the detector volume. Moreover, hafnium is inexpensive in comparison with iridium. Another point is that the technology of Hf deposition, developed in our

Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106

• laborious and requires precious metals such as palladium and platinum as catalysts [20]. Colorimetric detection methods have attracted attention because of their advantages, including simplicity, sensitivity, visualization, and real-time detection, while other methods often require expensive instrumentation

• did not detect any metal ions. A subtle change in capping concentration on AuNR1 and AuNR2 was observed due to their length (Table 1). The change in concentration or size of nanorods ultimately affects the sensitivity towards metal ion detection. The metal selectivity was observed for all metal ions

New design of operational MEMS bridges for measurements of properties of FEBID-based nanostructures

• Bartosz Pruchnik,
• Krzysztof Kwoka,
• Ewelina Gacka,
• Dominik Badura,
• Piotr Kunicki,
• Andrzej Sierakowski,
• Paweł Janus,
• Tomasz Piasecki and
• Teodor Gotszalk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1273–1282, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.103

• nanostructures. Experimenting at the nanoscale requires instruments with sufficient resolution and sensitivity to measure various properties of nanostructures. Such measurements (regardless of the nature of the quantities being measured) are particularly problematic in the case of free-standing nanostructures

Functional morphology of cleaning devices in the damselfly Ischnura elegans (Odonata, Coenagrionidae)

• Silvana Piersanti,
• Gianandrea Salerno,
• Wencke Krings,
• Stanislav Gorb and
• Manuela Rebora

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1260–1272, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.102

• role in maintaining olfactory acuity. Böröczky et al. [19] demonstrated that antennal grooming removes not only foreign chemicals but also excess native cuticular lipids that may interfere with olfaction, thereby maintaining the olfactory sensitivity of the antennae. In insects, body cleaning devices

Dual-functionalized architecture enables stable and tumor cell-specific SiO₂NPs in complex biological fluids

• Iris Renata Sousa Ribeiro,
• Raquel Frenedoso da Silva,
• Romênia Ramos Domingues,
• Adriana Franco Paes Leme and
• Mateus Borba Cardoso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1238–1252, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.100

• greater intensity for the SiO2NPs-ZW-FO (Figure 1g). This reduction indicates that the functionalization process was successful and that folate remained active and could bind to the receptor. Based on the analytical curve (R2 = 0.9997 and sensitivity = 73800.9, arbitrary fluorescence units per mg·mL–1

Synthesis, characterization and anticancer effect of doxorubicin-loaded dual stimuli-responsive smart nanopolymers

• Ömür Acet,
• Pavel Kirsanov,
• Burcu Önal Acet,
• Inessa Halets-Bui,
• Dzmitry Shcharbin,
• Şeyda Ceylan Cömert and
• Mehmet Odabaşı

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1189–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.96

• was highest at 41 °C and pH 7.4 (Figure 4B). The temperature and pH sensitivity eliminates the need for other external stimuli. The time-dependent DOX release experiments conducted here under different conditions demonstrated that the dual response of the SNPs may improve the DD performance compared

Direct electron beam writing of silver using a β-diketonate precursor: first insights

• Katja Höflich,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Chinmai S. Jureddy,
• Aleksei Tsarapkin and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1117–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.90

• that was found in the deposit, despite the large number of carbon atoms in the ligands, was attributed to the thermodynamically favorable release of CO2 upon ligand cleavage [31]. All successfully tested silver carboxylates exhibit a generally high reactivity and sensitivity upon electron beam impact

• very high sensitivity with respect to electron beam impact are observed during dissociation with the weakly focused beam of a thermal electron emitter. However, for the first time, sufficient vertical growth rates in combination with high fidelity were achieved for a tightly focused electron beam

• dwell time of 1 μs. These parameters resulted in an overall deposition time of 21 min 17 s and in a beam velocity of approximately 0.15 μm per minute to match the observed vertical growth rate. The typical result is shown in Figure 3c. As a consequence of the large electron sensitivity, a significant

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• , Cairo 11727, Egypt Anastro Laboratory, Institute of Basic Science, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea 10.3762/bjnano.15.88 Abstract Sensors are applied to many fields nowadays because of their high sensitivity, low cost, time-saving, user-friendly, and excellent selectivity

• nanoparticles have demonstrated enormous advantages for sensing applications. First, alginate-based nanoparticles have a high surface area-to-volume ratio. This feature allows for increased interaction with the target analyte, leading to enhanced sensitivity and detection capabilities. Additionally, alginate

• become known as a promising tool for sensing applications in recent years [95]. With their large surface area, alginate nanoparticles provide space for the immobilization of sensing elements, allowing for enhanced sensitivity and selectivity [96]. Additionally, alginate nanoparticles possess excellent

Signal generation in dynamic interferometric displacement detection

• Knarik Khachatryan,
• Simon Anter,
• Michael Reichling and
• Alexander von Schmidsfeld

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1070–1076, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.87

• a reflectivity of Rf = 0.04. The fourth end of the 3 dB coupler is connected to the detector, which is a photoreceiver (model HBPR-200M-30K-SI-FC, FEMTO Messtechnik, Berlin, Germany) converting the incoming light power into a voltage signal. The photoreceiver allows for high-sensitivity low-noise

• ) = 0. Note, that the origin of the d-axis is fixed at the fiber end. The interferometer yields maximum sensitivity for d = d0 as explained in the text. Fit of the model for the interferometer signal voltage Vsig according to Equation 6 to experimental data. The cantilever excitation piezo voltage

Effect of wavelength and liquid on formation of Ag, Au, Ag/Au nanoparticles via picosecond laser ablation and SERS-based detection of DMMP

• Sree Satya Bharati Moram,
• Chandu Byram and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1054–1069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.86

• stability attributed to Au, and increased SERS efficiency, making them particularly advantageous for long-term applications with heightened sensitivity. These enhancements are due to synergistic effects, where the integrated properties of the metals surpass those of the individual elements. In the initial

• sensitivity of the optimized FP SERS substrate was further examined at 325 nm with various concentrations of MS and DMMP ranging from 100 mM to 100 µM, as depicted in Figure 11c and Figure 11d. The leading prominent peaks of MS at 809 cm−1 and DMMP at 714 cm−1 were observed at the lowest concentration of 100

Bolometric IR photoresponse based on a 3D micro-nano integrated CNT architecture

• Yasameen Al-Mafrachi,
• Sandeep Yadav,
• Sascha Preu,
• Jörg J. Schneider and
• Oktay Yilmazoglu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1030–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.84

• attractive options for non-cryogenic IR microbolometer and thermal detection technology. The sensitivity of a bolometer is quantified by its responsivity, which is given by the expression [11]: where ΔV is the corresponding voltage change, ΔP represents the incident power on the active detection area, Ibias

• temperature T0 = 20 °C, α is the TCR, and T is the temperature. The slope of R(T) in Figure 6 is ΔR/ΔT = R0·TCR. The TCR can be calculated as: This equation quantifies how a device’s resistance changes with temperature, providing valuable information about temperature sensitivity. The TCRs for sample 1 and

Entry of nanoparticles into cells and tissues: status and challenges

• Kirsten Sandvig,
• Tore Geir Iversen and
• Tore Skotland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1017–1029, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.83

• imaging (i.e., positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), optical/fluorescence, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT; using X-ray) and ultrasound imaging), and the spatial resolution, depth of imaging, sensitivity, and advantages

Recent progress on field-effect transistor-based biosensors: device perspective

• Billel Smaani,
• Fares Nafa,
• Mohamed Salah Benlatrech,
• Ismahan Mahdi,
• Hamza Akroum,
• Mohamed walid Azizi,
• Khaled Harrar and
• Sayan Kanungo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 977–994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.80

• to detect a wide range of biomolecules, such as proteins, DNA, and antibodies. This article presents a comprehensive review of advancements in the architectures of FET-based biosensors aiming to enhance device performance in terms of sensitivity, detection time, and selectivity. The review

• good sensitivity detection via a label-free procedure, real-time electrical signal in situ amplification, and cost-effective mass production, achieved through microelectronic manufacturing processes and a small size for portable point-of-care testing [34][35]. Additionally, the application of

• from researchers due to their desirable properties and advantages, including low cost, label-free operation, high sensitivity, robustness, low power consumption, and a straightforward fabrication process based on CMOS technology [47][48]. A field-effect transistor-based biosensor comprises a

Identification of structural features of surface modifiers in engineered nanostructured metal oxides regarding cell uptake through ML-based classification

• Indrasis Dasgupta,
• Totan Das,
• Biplab Das and
• Shovanlal Gayen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 909–924, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.75

• using the fivefold cross-validation procedure. Additionally, the model’s quality was evaluated by looking at the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) plot as well as specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy values [40][41][42]. Development of other machine learning models Calculation of descriptors and

• statistical criteria, such as concordance, specificity, and sensitivity, were examined to characterize the model (Table 2). The developed Bayesian model has a fivefold cross-validated ROC of 0.765, indicating the model’s validity. The ROC for the test set is 0.891, indicating an acceptable external validation

• result. The training set’s statistical results are summarized in Table 2, showing a strong 98% sensitivity, 86.5% specificity, and 93.2% overall concordance. Twenty uptake-promoting (UPp 1–UPp 20) and twenty uptake-impairing (UIp 1–UIp 20) structural features/fingerprints were generated by the Bayesian

Exploring surface charge dynamics: implications for AFM height measurements in 2D materials

• Mario Navarro-Rodriguez,
• Andres M. Somoza and
• Elisa Palacios-Lidon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 767–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.64

• ], and slight changes in the reduction degree may vary the conductivity by many orders of magnitude [69], which would explain the high sensitivity of the measurements to the local reduction degree within one partially reduced rGO flake. To account for Joule dissipation, different models have been derived

Simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine at a TiO₂/graphene quantum dot-modified electrode

• Vu Ngoc Hoang,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Le Vu Truong Son,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Vo Thang Nguyen,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Ly Hoang Diem,
• Kieu Chan Ly,
• Ho Sy Thang and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 719–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.60

• with pKa = 8.7 [31]. The improved reversibility and sensitivity of the modified electrode may be due to the electrostatic interaction between positively charged URI and HYP and negatively charged GQD at remaining COO− groups, the complexation of titanium to nitrogen or oxygen, or π–π interactions

• ) with LODHYP = 0.57 μM (Figure 8d) was found. These results indicate that the determination of URI in the presence of HYP and vice versa at the TiO2/GQDs-GCE can be achieved with acceptable selectivity and sensitivity. A comparison with previously reported data is shown in Table 1. It is noticed that

Enhancing higher-order modal response in multifrequency atomic force microscopy with a coupled cantilever system

• Wendong Sun,
• Jianqiang Qian,
• Yingzi Li,
• Yanan Chen,
• Zhipeng Dou,
• Rui Lin,
• Peng Cheng,
• Xiaodong Gao,
• Quan Yuan and
• Yifan Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 694–703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.57

• traditional rectangular cantilever is weaker in air, which affects the sensitivity of multifrequency AFM detection. To address this issue, we previously proposed a bridge/cantilever coupled system model to enhance the higher-order modal response of the cantilever. This model is simpler and less costly than

• ; Introduction Multifrequency atomic force microscopy (AFM) has become an important tool for nanoscale imaging and characterization [1][2]. This technique involves the excitation and detection of multiple frequencies to improve data acquisition speed, sensitivity, and resolution, as well as to enable material

• reduction negatively impacts detection sensitivity and limits the application of multifrequency AFM. To promote the application of multifrequency techniques, researchers have proposed various methods to improve the higher-order mode response by modifying cantilever beams. For example, researchers have

Functional fibrillar interfaces: Biological hair as inspiration across scales

• Guillermo J. Amador,
• Brett Klaassen van Oorschot,
• Caiying Liao,
• Jianing Wu and
• Da Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.55

• may be triggered by either mechanical or thermal energy [158]. Hygrosensation Studies have also shown that hairs exhibit heightened sensitivity to changes in humidity levels, enabling arthropods to discern variations in air humidity with remarkable precision. There are three potential mechanisms for

AFM-IR investigation of thin PECVD SiO_x films on a polypropylene substrate in the surface-sensitive mode

• Hendrik Müller,
• Hartmut Stadler,
• Teresa de los Arcos,
• Adrian Keller and
• Guido Grundmeier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 603–611, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.51

• the different measurement methods (i.e., contact mode and surface-sensitive mode) with respect to the chemical surface sensitivity. The use of the surface-sensitive mode in AFM-IR shows an enormous improvement for the analysis of thin films on the IR-active substrate. As a result, in this mode, the

• around 1080 cm−1. Nevertheless, the XPS spectra in Figure 3 have shown that the SiOx deposition was successful. Therefore, these results indicate that the sensitivity limit of photothermal AFM-IR spectroscopy in contact mode is reached due to the small thickness of the deposited SiOx film. To improve the

• chemical sensitivity of the 5 nm SiOx film, the surface-sensitive mode was employed (see Figure 6). Here, photothermal AFM-IR spectra were collected on the same samples; however, this time a drive frequency of 847 kHz and a detection frequency of 205 kHz were used. In addition, the laser was tuned to 646

Stiffness calibration of qPlus sensors at low temperature through thermal noise measurements

• Laurent Nony,
• Sylvain Clair,
• Daniel Uehli,
• Aitziber Herrero,
• Jean-Marc Themlin,
• Andrea Campos,
• Franck Para,
• Alessandro Pioda and
• Christian Loppacher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 580–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.50

• possible to quantify the interatomic interaction forces that develop between the tip and the surface acquired in spectroscopic data cube modes [7][8] with both high sensitivity and high spatial resolution. Recently, the force sensitivity has been pushed forward, and forces as low as 100 fN have been

• temperature has never been reported. Furthermore, because the force sensitivity in nc-AFM critically depends on the mechanical stability of both probe and tip, it seems crucial to perform the probe stiffness calibration in situ, that is, within the LT UHV system, by means of a non-destructive method. In UHV

Radiofrequency enhances drug release from responsive nanoflowers for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy

• Yanyan Wen,
• Ningning Song,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Weiwei Wu,
• Qixiong Lin,
• Minjie Cui,
• Rongrong Li,
• Qiufeng Yu,
• Sixue Wu,
• Yongkang Liang,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 569–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.49

• ). The special structure of nanoflowers improves the stability and efficiency of the surface reaction [24]. Furthermore, prior research has verified that radiofrequency (RF) hyperthermia can significantly improve the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy at approximately 42 °C [25][26][27

• were r1 = 0.2565 mM−1·s−1 and r2 = 4.01376 mM−1·s−1, respectively (Figure 3b). Therefore, the CUR-Fe@MnO2 NFs showed marked sensitivity to the TME, suggesting that they are excellent dual-modal T1/T2 contrast agents. NFs degradation and drug release CUR-Fe@MnO2 NFs can respond to a simulated TME by