Simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine at a TiO₂/graphene quantum dot-modified electrode

• Vu Ngoc Hoang,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Le Vu Truong Son,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Vo Thang Nguyen,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Ly Hoang Diem,
• Kieu Chan Ly,
• Ho Sy Thang and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 719–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.60

• with pKa = 8.7 [31]. The improved reversibility and sensitivity of the modified electrode may be due to the electrostatic interaction between positively charged URI and HYP and negatively charged GQD at remaining COO− groups, the complexation of titanium to nitrogen or oxygen, or π–π interactions

• ) with LODHYP = 0.57 μM (Figure 8d) was found. These results indicate that the determination of URI in the presence of HYP and vice versa at the TiO2/GQDs-GCE can be achieved with acceptable selectivity and sensitivity. A comparison with previously reported data is shown in Table 1. It is noticed that

Enhancing higher-order modal response in multifrequency atomic force microscopy with a coupled cantilever system

• Wendong Sun,
• Jianqiang Qian,
• Yingzi Li,
• Yanan Chen,
• Zhipeng Dou,
• Rui Lin,
• Peng Cheng,
• Xiaodong Gao,
• Quan Yuan and
• Yifan Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 694–703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.57

• traditional rectangular cantilever is weaker in air, which affects the sensitivity of multifrequency AFM detection. To address this issue, we previously proposed a bridge/cantilever coupled system model to enhance the higher-order modal response of the cantilever. This model is simpler and less costly than

• ; Introduction Multifrequency atomic force microscopy (AFM) has become an important tool for nanoscale imaging and characterization [1][2]. This technique involves the excitation and detection of multiple frequencies to improve data acquisition speed, sensitivity, and resolution, as well as to enable material

• reduction negatively impacts detection sensitivity and limits the application of multifrequency AFM. To promote the application of multifrequency techniques, researchers have proposed various methods to improve the higher-order mode response by modifying cantilever beams. For example, researchers have

Functional fibrillar interfaces: Biological hair as inspiration across scales

• Guillermo J. Amador,
• Brett Klaassen van Oorschot,
• Caiying Liao,
• Jianing Wu and
• Da Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.55

• may be triggered by either mechanical or thermal energy [158]. Hygrosensation Studies have also shown that hairs exhibit heightened sensitivity to changes in humidity levels, enabling arthropods to discern variations in air humidity with remarkable precision. There are three potential mechanisms for

AFM-IR investigation of thin PECVD SiO_x films on a polypropylene substrate in the surface-sensitive mode

• Hendrik Müller,
• Hartmut Stadler,
• Teresa de los Arcos,
• Adrian Keller and
• Guido Grundmeier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 603–611, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.51

• the different measurement methods (i.e., contact mode and surface-sensitive mode) with respect to the chemical surface sensitivity. The use of the surface-sensitive mode in AFM-IR shows an enormous improvement for the analysis of thin films on the IR-active substrate. As a result, in this mode, the

• around 1080 cm−1. Nevertheless, the XPS spectra in Figure 3 have shown that the SiOx deposition was successful. Therefore, these results indicate that the sensitivity limit of photothermal AFM-IR spectroscopy in contact mode is reached due to the small thickness of the deposited SiOx film. To improve the

• chemical sensitivity of the 5 nm SiOx film, the surface-sensitive mode was employed (see Figure 6). Here, photothermal AFM-IR spectra were collected on the same samples; however, this time a drive frequency of 847 kHz and a detection frequency of 205 kHz were used. In addition, the laser was tuned to 646

Stiffness calibration of qPlus sensors at low temperature through thermal noise measurements

• Laurent Nony,
• Sylvain Clair,
• Daniel Uehli,
• Aitziber Herrero,
• Jean-Marc Themlin,
• Andrea Campos,
• Franck Para,
• Alessandro Pioda and
• Christian Loppacher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 580–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.50

• possible to quantify the interatomic interaction forces that develop between the tip and the surface acquired in spectroscopic data cube modes [7][8] with both high sensitivity and high spatial resolution. Recently, the force sensitivity has been pushed forward, and forces as low as 100 fN have been

• temperature has never been reported. Furthermore, because the force sensitivity in nc-AFM critically depends on the mechanical stability of both probe and tip, it seems crucial to perform the probe stiffness calibration in situ, that is, within the LT UHV system, by means of a non-destructive method. In UHV

Radiofrequency enhances drug release from responsive nanoflowers for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy

• Yanyan Wen,
• Ningning Song,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Weiwei Wu,
• Qixiong Lin,
• Minjie Cui,
• Rongrong Li,
• Qiufeng Yu,
• Sixue Wu,
• Yongkang Liang,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 569–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.49

• ). The special structure of nanoflowers improves the stability and efficiency of the surface reaction [24]. Furthermore, prior research has verified that radiofrequency (RF) hyperthermia can significantly improve the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy at approximately 42 °C [25][26][27

• were r1 = 0.2565 mM−1·s−1 and r2 = 4.01376 mM−1·s−1, respectively (Figure 3b). Therefore, the CUR-Fe@MnO2 NFs showed marked sensitivity to the TME, suggesting that they are excellent dual-modal T1/T2 contrast agents. NFs degradation and drug release CUR-Fe@MnO2 NFs can respond to a simulated TME by

On the additive artificial intelligence-based discovery of nanoparticle neurodegenerative disease drug delivery systems

• Shan He,
• Julen Segura Abarrategi,
• Harbil Bediaga,
• Sonia Arrasate and
• Humberto González-Díaz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 535–555, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.47

• multilayer perceptron (MLP) and deep learning networks (DLN), to construct linear and non-linear IFPTML models. The IFPTML-LDA models exhibited sensitivity (Sn) and specificity (Sp) values in the range of 70% to 73% (>375,000 training cases) and 70% to 80% (>125,000 validation cases), respectively. In

• expert-guided selection (EGS) heuristic [76] in order to retrain the LDA method using the most crucial parameters selected by the FSW process along with other missing aspects. All IFPTML models were obtained by calculating different statistical parameters, specifically sensitivity (Sn), specificity (Sp

• ones [88]. In Table 4, an input variable sensitivity analysis concerning NDDs, NPs, and the corresponding subsystems are shown for the IFPTML-ANN model. The IFPMTL-LNN model involves almost all significant parameters according to the EGS criteria. The majority of parameters provide a substantial

Electron-induced deposition using Fe(CO)₄MA and Fe(CO)₅ – effect of MA ligand and process conditions

• Hannah Boeckers,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Petra Martinović,
• Amy V. Walker,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 500–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.45

• intensities were converted to a composition of each deposit (Fe/C/O) using the respective sensitivity factors [54]. The attenuation of the TaNNN signal gives an indication of growth of an overlayer on top of the substrate and can be converted to an overlayer thickness based on electron attenuation length (EAL

Superconducting spin valve effect in Co/Pb/Co heterostructures with insulating interlayers

• Andrey A. Kamashev,
• Nadir N. Garif’yanov,
• Aidar A. Validov,
• Vladislav Kataev,
• Alexander S. Osin,
• Yakov V. Fominov and
• Ilgiz A. Garifullin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 457–464, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.41

• of tb varies between 10−3 and 10−5 [51]. In that case, we would expect larger values of γb than the one resulting from our fit. However, we have checked that larger values of γb notably suppress the sensitivity of Tc to the presence of the F layers (i.e., the inverse proximity effect becomes strongly

• proximity effect. Also, for the spin valve effect, the key parameter is not the strength of the proximity effect, but rather the sensitivity of the system to the variation of the relative magnetizations. Our strategy was to achieve a “fragile” superconductivity, which is sensitive to this kind of control

Potential of a deep eutectic solvent in silver nanoparticle fabrication for antibiotic residue detection

• Le Hong Tho,
• Bui Xuan Khuyen,
• Ngoc Xuan Dat Mai and
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 426–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.38

• [2], the ability of real-time measurements [3], extremely high sensitivity [4], remarkable selectivity [5], and tremendous versatility [4][6][7]. Many scholars have taken advantage of these properties in cancer diagnosis [8], detection of hazardous chemicals [9], tracing of microorganisms [7][10][11

• nanoparticles (Au NPs) were the first to be fabricated in DESs [28][29]. SERS platforms based on Au NPs-DES whose sensitivity and durability are competitive to the other materials were successfully constructed [29][30]. However, no attention has been paid to the potential of DESs in the fabrication of Ag NPs

• -DES substrate. Besides the high sensitivity, the sensor exhibits also uniformity of the coating, consistency in SERS signals, and good selectivity. Overall, Ag NPs-DES is a promising candidate for SERS-based biosensor applications. This work hopefully provides useful information about the potential of

Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• reduction in infarction size, TNF-α levels, cardiac fibrosis, and improvement in cardiac systolic function. Gold nanorods serving as surface-enhanced Raman scattering probes have demonstrated sensitivity for the early detection of ICAM-1, a significant signal for screening atherosclerosis, particularly in

Comparative electron microscopy particle sizing of TiO₂ pigments: sample preparation and measurement

• Ralf Theissmann,
• Christopher Drury,
• Markus Rohe,
• Thomas Koch,
• Jochen Winkler and
• Petr Pikal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 317–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.29

• sonication for 1 min at 80 W input. Following re-dispersion at Agilent, the dilution for spICP-MS was carried out in three steps. Considering the method’s sensitivity to dilution, during the initial dilution step, the sample was kept under continuous stirring. In subsequent steps, the sample was taken

Exploring the relationships between physiochemical properties of nanoparticles and cell damage to combat cancer growth using simple periodic table-based descriptors

• Joyita Roy and
• Kunal Roy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 297–309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.27

• systems. Metal NPs can lead to greater signal amplification, greater sensitivity, and higher detection. However, NPs with properties that generate ROS can increase cell damage. In cancer cells, rapid proliferation leads to an imbalance of oxygen, abnormal structure, and blood supply, making the tumor

• increase the sensitivity to PDT. Furthermore, transition metals can catalyze Fenton/Fenton-like reactions [47], generating highly oxidative species that can kill tumor cells. The electronegativity of the metal oxides helps the NPs in crossing the cell membrane. The formation of metal cations can also

Determining by Raman spectroscopy the average thickness and N-layer-specific surface coverages of MoS₂ thin films with domains much smaller than the laser spot size

• Felipe Wasem Klein,
• Jean-Roch Huntzinger,
• Vincent Astié,
• Damien Voiry,
• Romain Parret,
• Houssine Makhlouf,
• Sandrine Juillaguet,
• Jean-Manuel Decams,
• Sylvie Contreras,
• Périne Landois,
• Ahmed-Azmi Zahab,
• Jean-Louis Sauvajol and
• Matthieu Paillet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 279–296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.26

• Raman spectroscopy is a widely used technique to characterize nanomaterials because of its convenience, non-destructiveness, and sensitivity to materials change. The primary purpose of this work is to determine via Raman spectroscopy the average thickness of MoS2 thin films synthesized by direct liquid

• of MoS2 flakes produced by different methods. Among these techniques, Raman spectroscopy is widely used thanks to its convenience, non-destructiveness, and sensitivity to materials change, including strain, temperature, doping, and defects [26]. Concerning the characterization of MoS2 flakes

• would be close in twisted and 2Hc-stacked MoS2 multilayers. However, as previously recalled, the sensitivity of this ratio to the SiO2 thickness and the gap between the A2D(Si)/A0(Si) ratios for N and N + 1 permit to ensure the determination of N with a rather good reliability only for N ≤ 5. DLI-PP-CVD

Ultrasensitive and ultrastretchable metal crack strain sensor based on helical polydimethylsiloxane

• Shangbi Chen,
• Dewen Liu,
• Weiwei Chen,
• Huajiang Chen,
• Jiawei Li and
• Jinfang Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 270–278, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.25

• , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Nursing, Shanghai, P.R. China 10.3762/bjnano.15.25 Abstract The majority of crack sensors do not offer simultaneously both a significant stretchability and an ultrahigh sensitivity. In this study, we present a straightforward and cost-effective approach to fabricate

• metal crack sensors that exhibit exceptional performance in terms of ultrahigh sensitivity and ultrahigh stretchability. This is achieved by incorporating a helical structure into the substrate through a modeling process and, subsequently, depositing a thin film of gold onto the polydimethylsiloxane

• substrate via sputter deposition. The metal thin film is then pre-stretched to generate microcracks. The sensor demonstrates a remarkable stretchability of 300%, an exceptional sensitivity with a maximum gauge factor reaching 107, a rapid response time of 158 ms, minimal hysteresis, and outstanding

Vinorelbine-loaded multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles as anticancer drug delivery systems: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro release study

• Zeynep Özcan and
• Afife Binnaz Hazar Yoruç

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 256–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.24

• controlled in an on/off mode, showcasing sensitivity to temperature-induced drug release [41]. Determination of cumulative and photothermal-responsive drug release The calibration curve was constructed by plotting the UV–vis absorbance values against the amounts of VNB solution generated at various

Design, fabrication, and characterization of kinetic-inductive force sensors for scanning probe applications

• August K. Roos,
• Ermes Scarano,
• Elisabet K. Arvidsson,
• Erik Holmgren and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 242–255, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.23

• interferometric and beam-deflection detectors of motion are sufficient to resolve the thermal noise force determined by the damping of the cantilever eigenmode in thermal equilibrium with its environment. Operation in high vacuum and at cryogenic temperatures reduces this force noise, improving sensitivity to the

• point where motion detection becomes the limiting source of noise. In this context, the principles of cavity optomechanics may improve the sensitivity of AFM force sensors. Cryogenic AFM further enables the use of superconducting microwave resonators in a cavity optomechanical detection scheme [4][5][6

• electromechanical coupling. The coupling of the microwave resonator to a transmission line is also an important design consideration. Our primary goal is high sensitivity to tip–surface forces, given the constraints of the AFM application. If the detector is limited by thermal noise, the sensitivity is given by the

Multiscale modelling of biomolecular corona formation on metallic surfaces

• Parinaz Mosaddeghi Amini,
• Ian Rouse,
• Julia Subbotina and
• Vladimir Lobaskin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 215–229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.21

• reactivity, sensitivity of NPs, as well as their cellular uptake and systemic transfer [21]. However, in order to develop predictive models, a deeper understanding of the interactions at the bionano interface and their relationship to material and protein properties is necessary. Gathering more information

In situ optical sub-wavelength thickness control of porous anodic aluminum oxide

• Aleksandrs Dutovs,
• Raimonds Popļausks,
• Oskars Putāns,
• Vladislavs Perkanuks,
• Aušrinė Jurkevičiūtė,
• Tomas Tamulevičius,
• Uldis Malinovskis,
• Iryna Olyshevets,
• Donats Erts and
• Juris Prikulis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 126–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.12

• zinc oxide nanorods embedded within the PAAO template [13]. Recently, it was demonstrated that the PAAO thickness tuning can increase the signal intensity and refractometric sensitivity of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensors constructed using gold nanoparticles, which are deposited on

• different wavelengths. The usable wavelength range was limited primarily by the low intensity of the incandescent light source in the violet part of the spectrum and the sensitivity of the detector in the infrared. Other materials (fiber, glass, electrolyte, and coolant) in the optical path can further

New application of bimetallic Ag/Pt nanoplates in a colorimetric biosensor for specific detection of E. coli in water

• Azam Bagheri Pebdeni,
• Mohammad N. AL-Baiati and
• Morteza Hosseini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 95–103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.9

• %. The developed assay should serve as a general platform for detecting other pathogenic bacteria which affect water and food quality. The proposed E. coli detection strategy has appealing characteristics such as high sensitivity, simple operation, short testing time, and low cost. Keywords: aptamer

• . Colorimetric biosensors have become popular in analytical applications due to their high sensitivity, convenience, and ease of signal readout [7][8]. These biosensors have been extensively utilized in pathogen identification, primarily because of their ability to rapidly display results in visible color [9][10

• ]. Nanomaterials have improved the ability to detect pathogens in water and food by enhancing signals and sensitivity. These materials, which encompass nanoparticles, nanorods, nanowires, and nanoclusters, can be combined with aptamers, antibodies, enzymes, and other ligands to display unique physical, chemical

Study of the reusability and stability of nylon nanofibres as an antibody immobilisation surface

• Inés Peraile,
• Matilde Gil-García,
• Laura González-López,
• Nushin A. Dabbagh-Escalante,
• Juan C. Cabria-Ramos and
• Paloma Lorenzo-Lozano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 83–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.8

• pH value before testing them. (2) The sensing method used was fluorescence as it is a simple method that does not require any additional steps for its determination. However, even though the aim of the study was to evaluate the reusability and stability of NFs, the sensitivity of the system could be

Measurements of dichroic bow-tie antenna arrays with integrated cold-electron bolometers using YBCO oscillators

• Leonid S. Revin,
• Dmitry A. Pimanov,
• Alexander V. Chiginev,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Viktor O. Zbrozhek,
• Andrey V. Samartsev,
• Anastasia N. Orlova,
• Dmitry V. Masterov,
• Alexey E. Parafin,
• Victoria Yu. Safonova,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Andrey L. Pankratov,
• Leonid S. Kuzmin,
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko,
• Silvia Masi and
• Paolo de Bernardis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 26–36, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.3

• BICEP Array, LSPE, LiteBIRD, QUBIC, Simons Observatory, and AliCPT. As a direct radiation detector, we use cold-electron bolometers, which have high sensitivity and a wide operating frequency range, as well as immunity to spurious cosmic rays. Their other advantages are the compact size of the order of

• a few micrometers and the effect of direct electron cooling, which can improve sensitivity in typical closed-loop cycle 3He cryostats for space applications. We study a novel concept of cold-electron bolometers with two SIN tunnel junctions and one SN contact. The amplitude–frequency characteristics

• efficiency. As a direct radiation detector, we consider using the cold-electron bolometer (CEB) concept [11][12]. These bolometers have high sensitivity with background-limited operation [13][14][15], a broad operating frequency range, as well as immunity to spurious cosmic rays [16]. Since CEB sizes are of

TEM sample preparation of lithographically patterned permalloy nanostructures on silicon nitride membranes

• Joshua Williams,
• Michael I. Faley,
• Joseph Vimal Vas,
• Peng-Han Lu and
• Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1–12, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.1

• and the relatively long baking duration were chosen because the copolymer must be solid to prevent dissolution by the PMMA layer. In addition, the baking temperature can control the sensitivity of the copolymer. The higher the baking temperature of the copolymer, the more sensitive the copolymer gets

• resolution as well as a low sensitivity. Its viscosity is 16.4 mPa·s. After spinning at 4000 rpm and baking at 180 °C for 5 min, it has a thickness of around 300 nm. The exposure is carried out using an electron beam lithography system Vistec EBPG 5000+ operating at 100 kV. Working on a thin transparent

• techniques, a one-time exposure is possible with the help of high accelerating voltage during electron beam exposure. In this process, rather than doing one resist deposition and exposure after another, the layer selectivity is controlled by the electron beam dose and the sensitivity of the two layers. Only

A combined gas-phase dissociative ionization, dissociative electron attachment and deposition study on the potential FEBID precursor [Au(CH₃)₂Cl]₂

• Elif Bilgilisoy,
• Ali Kamali,
• Thomas Xaver Gentner,
• Gerd Ballmann,
• Sjoerd Harder,
• Hans-Peter Steinrück,
• Hubertus Marbach and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1178–1199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.98

• (trifluorophosphine)gold(I) (AuICl(PF3)) [23]. These precursors have enabled depositions of ≈95 atom % Au and a resistivity of Au grains as low as 22 µΩ, respectively. However, the short lifetime of both precursors, which results from their moisture sensitivity and thermal instability, has limited their applicability

• , which involves SnMe4 as a methylation agent [36]. The elemental composition of the FEBID structure was calculated using the relative sensitivity factors (S) [37], that is, SAu: 0.21; SCl: 0.69; SC: 0.08; SSn: 0.53. From these, the atomic concentration of the deposit was found to be 51 atom % Au, 2 atom

Curcumin-loaded albumin submicron particles with potential as a cancer therapy: an in vitro study

• Nittiya Suwannasom,
• Netsai Sriaksorn,
• Chutamas Thepmalee,
• Krissana Khoothiam,
• Ausanai Prapan,
• Hans Bäumler and
• Chonthida Thephinlap

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1127–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.93

• ]. These findings indicate that the sensitivity to CUR and the CUR-loaded HSA-MPs depends on the cell type [41]. Previous studies have shown that CUR inhibits the growth by inducing apoptosis through p53-dependent Bax induction in MCF-7 breast cancer cells [45][46] or through p38-dependent up-regulation of