Luminescent gold nanoclusters for bioimaging applications

• Nonappa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 533–546, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.42

• electrostatic interaction was ruled out. Instead, the authors assumed that it might be a specific peptide motif of HSA that interacts with the bacterial cell wall. The trypsin digestion of Au-HSA NCs was studied and various fragments were identified using MALDI–MS. To confirm further whether the peptides can

• imaging [91]. Recently Duan et al. reported the synthesis of NIR-luminescent AuNCs capped with N-acetyl-ʟ-cysteine (NAC-CS) for long-time imaging [92]. The Au-NAC-CS NCs were insensitive to hydrogen peroxide and trypsin in contrast to Au NCs coated with BSA or other proteins, allowing for extended imaging

Brome mosaic virus-like particles as siRNA nanocarriers for biomedical purposes

• Alfredo Nuñez-Rivera,
• Pierrick G. J. Fournier,
• Danna L. Arellano,
• Ana G. Rodriguez-Hernandez,
• Rafael Vazquez-Duhalt and
• Ruben D. Cadena-Nava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 372–382, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.28

• by flow cytometry (Figure 1B). The differences in the extent of cell internalization could be explained by the surface charge as revealed by zeta potential measurements. The flow cytometry analysis of cell internalization was also performed after trypsin treatment, which promotes detachment of the

Fully amino acid-based hydrogel as potential scaffold for cell culturing and drug delivery

• Dávid Juriga,
• Evelin Sipos,
• Orsolya Hegedűs,
• Gábor Varga,
• Miklós Zrínyi,
• Krisztina S. Nagy and
• Angéla Jedlovszky-Hajdú

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2579–2593, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.249

• serum (FBS, Gibco, USA), 2 mM ʟ-glutamine (Gibco, USA), 100 units/mL penicillin and 100 mg/mL streptomycin (Gibco, USA). When the cell culture became subconfluent, it was passaged at a ratio of 1:20 using a 0.05% trypsin/EDTA solution. Cell viability assay Before performing the cell viability assay, the

pH-Controlled fluorescence switching in water-dispersed polymer brushes grafted to modified boron nitride nanotubes for cellular imaging

• Saban Kalay,
• Yurij Stetsyshyn,
• Volodymyr Donchak,
• Khrystyna Harhay,
• Ostap Lishchynskyi,
• Halyna Ohar,
• Yuriy Panchenko,
• Stanislav Voronov and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2428–2439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.233

• % penicillin/streptomycin/ampicillin and incubated in a water-jacketed incubator in a 5% CO2, 95% air atmosphere at 37 °C. The cells were expanded in T-75 flasks to 80% confluence and then detached with trypsin and collected. A 1 mg/mL sample of P(AA-co-FA)-functionalized BNNTs dispersed in ultrapure water was

Design of a nanostructured mucoadhesive system containing curcumin for buccal application: from physicochemical to biological aspects

• Sabrina Barbosa de Souza Ferreira,
• Gustavo Braga,
• Évelin Lemos Oliveira,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva,
• Hélen Cássia Rosseto,
• Lidiane Vizioli de Castro Hoshino,
• Mauro Luciano Baesso,
• Wilker Caetano,
• Craig Murdoch,
• Helen Elizabeth Colley and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2304–2328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.222

• ), sodium chloride was purchased from Nuclear (Diadema, SP, Brazil) and polyssorbate 80 (Tween 80®) came from Synth® (Diadema, SP, Brazil). Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium high glucose (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), ʟ-glutamine, penicillin, streptomycin and trypsin

Gold-coated plant virus as computed tomography imaging contrast agent

• Alaa A. A. Aljabali,
• Mazhar S. Al Zoubi,
• Khalid M. Al-Batanyeh,
• Ali Al-Radaideh,
• Mohammad A. Obeid,
• Abeer Al Sharabi,
• Walhan Alshaer,
• Bayan AbuFares,
• Tasnim Al-Zanati,
• Murtaza M. Tambuwala,
• Naveed Akbar and
• David J. Evans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1983–1993, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.195

• carbonate, sucrose, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; 25%), 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES) buffer, isopropanol, tetrachloroauric acid, trypsin, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), HEPES sodium salt, Triton™ X-100, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) tablets, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were purchased

• of growth surface and were used between passages 2 and 3. Subculture occurred after 60–70% confluence after trypsinization (0.025% trypsin, 0.5 mM EDTA, 10 mM HEPES buffer pH 6.5). RAW264.7 cell labeling and confocal microscopy: Cells of a murine endothelial line (100 μL of 1 × 106 cells/mL, RAW264.7

Synthesis and potent cytotoxic activity of a novel diosgenin derivative and its phytosomes against lung cancer cells

• Liang Xu,
• Dekang Xu,
• Ziying Li,
• Yu Gao and
• Haijun Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1933–1942, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.189

• anticancer formulation for lung cancer. Experimental Materials 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), DNA-free RNaseA, and propidium iodide (PI) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, USA). Di was obtained from Energy Chemical (Shanghai, China). RPMI 1640 medium and trypsin

Engineered superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for dual-modality imaging of intracranial glioblastoma via EGFRvIII targeting

• Xianping Liu,
• Chengjuan Du,
• Haichun Li,
• Ting Jiang,
• Zimiao Luo,
• Zhiqing Pang,
• Daoying Geng and
• Jun Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1860–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.181

• Sigma (USA) and Cy7.5 NHS ester was purchased from Nanocs (USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS), phosphate buffered saline (PBS), trypsin-EDTA (0.25%), high glucose Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) and penicillin-streptomycin were purchased from Gibco (CA, USA). The MTT cell proliferation and

• qualitative analysis, the cells were washed with PBS (0.01 M, pH 7.4) three times, then DAPI-stained and observed under a fluorescence microscope (Leica, DMI4000B, Germany). For the quantitative examination of the cellular uptake of the nanoprobes, U87MG and U87MG-EGFRvIII cells were harvested after trypsin

Toxicity and safety study of silver and gold nanoparticles functionalized with cysteine and glutathione

• Barbara Pem,
• Igor M. Pongrac,
• Lea Ulm,
• Ivan Pavičić,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Marija Ljubojević,
• Adela Krivohlavek and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1802–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.175

• were regularly tested for absence of mycoplasma by means of a direct DNA dye test [85]. When the cells reached 80% confluence, the culture medium was removed with a pipette; the cells were washed once with sterile phosphate buffer saline (PBS), detached from the flask by adding trypsin/EDTA (0.25

• untreated cells were negative controls. After treatment, the plates were centrifuged at 1500g for 15 min. Supernatants containing dead cells were collected from 12-well plates in 1.5 mL Eppendorf tubes. Live cells were detached from the wells by adding 0.05 % GibcoTM trypsin/EDTA (Thermo Fisher Scientific

Enhanced inhibition of influenza virus infection by peptide–noble-metal nanoparticle conjugates

• Zaid K. Alghrair,
• David G. Fernig and
• Bahram Ebrahimi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1038–1047, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.104

• streptomycin (Gibco, Life Technologies, UK) and incubated in a humidified environment at 37 °C under 5% (v/v) CO2 atmosphere. Cells were detached with 0.05% (w/v) trypsin in the chelating agent, 1× Versene-EDTA (Gibco, Life Technologies, UK) and plated at a dilution of 1:4. Preparation of influenza virus stock

• DMEM. Cells were incubated with virus for 1 h at 37 °C on a rocking platform. Virus-containing medium was removed and the cell monolayer washed with 2 × 5 mL DMEM, then 5 mL N-acetyl trypsin (Sigma-Aldrich, Merck, UK), 2.5 µg/mL in DMEM, was added and incubated for 24–48 hours at 37 °C until a

• % (w/v) NaHCO2, 1.4 mL 1 M HEPES, 1.4 mL (1% (v/v) 100 U/mL penicillin and 1% (v/v) 100 µg/mL streptomycin), 44.8 mL H2O and 5 µL N-acetyl trypsin) to give a final 1% (w/v) agarose mixture. After 1 h of incubation of the cells with the virus, the supernatant was removed from the plates and overlaid

Serum type and concentration both affect the protein-corona composition of PLGA nanoparticles

• Katrin Partikel,
• Robin Korte,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Hans-Ulrich Humpf and
• Klaus Langer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1002–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.101

• (Karlsruhe, Germany). The dye Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 was purchased from VWR Life science AMRESCO (Solon, Ohio). Bovine serum albumin (BSA), DL-dithiothreitol (DTT), and iodoacetamide (IAA) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Trypsin (sequencing grade) for protein digestion was

• tryptic in-solution digestion of proteins, the samples were diluted to a total volume of 1000 µL with ultrapure water to a final concentration of 0.6 M urea to maintain the activity of trypsin. Next, 10 µL of ice-cooled trypsin solution (200 ng/µL) was added to the diluted samples and digestion was

• entries) using the PEAKS de novo algorithm and the enhanced target-decoy method (“decoy fusion”) for false discovery rate (FDR) estimation and result validation [40][41]. Search parameters were: (a) trypsin as specific enzyme, three missed cleavage allowed; (b) fixed modification: carbamidomethylation of

Characterization and influence of hydroxyapatite nanopowders on living cells

• Przemyslaw Oberbek,
• Tomasz Bolek,
• Adrian Chlanda,
• Seishiro Hirano,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Julia Rogowska-Tylman,
• Ganna Nechyporenko,
• Viktor Zinchenko,
• Wojciech Swieszkowski and
• Tomasz Puzyn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3079–3094, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.286

• Corporation). All culture media were supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS, HyClone™), 100 μg/mL streptomycin and 100 μg/mL penicillin. The cells were cultured at 37 °C in an incubator with a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2. For the passage procedure, 0.05% Trypsin–EDTA with

Comparative biological effects of spherical noble metal nanoparticles (Rh, Pd, Ag, Pt, Au) with 4–8 nm diameter

• Alexander Rostek,
• Marina Breisch,
• Kevin Pappert,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Marc Heggen,
• Manfred Köller,
• Christina Sengstock and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2763–2774, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.258

• by the addition of 0.2 mL cm−2 0.25% trypsin/0.05% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA, Sigma-Aldrich, Taufkirchen, Germany) for 5 min at 37 °C. Subsequently, the hMSC cells were collected and washed twice with RPMI1640/10% FCS. Subconfluent hMSC cells were seeded in 24-well cell culture plates

Non-agglomerated silicon–organic nanoparticles and their nanocomplexes with oligonucleotides: synthesis and properties

• Asya S. Levina,
• Marina N. Repkova,
• Nadezhda V. Shikina,
• Zinfer R. Ismagilov,
• Svetlana A. Yashnik,
• Dmitrii V. Semenov,
• Yulia I. Savinovskaya,
• Natalia A. Mazurkova,
• Inna A. Pyshnaya and
• Valentina F. Zarytova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2516–2525, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.234

• can effectively and selectively interact with RNA targets in the cell culture. Experimental Materials and methods All chemicals were obtained from commercial suppliers as follows: aminiopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and fluoresceinisothiocyanate (FITC), trypsin, penicillin-streptomycin, and L

• -glutamine (Sigma-Aldrich, USA); RPMI-1640 medium; antibiotics (BioloT, Russia); fetal calf serum (Gibco, USA). Сhicken erythrocytes, MDCK cells, and influenza A virus strain A/chicken/Kurgan/05/2005 (H5N1) were from FBRI Vector, Russia. Trypsin (1 mg/mL) and penicillin-streptomycin (100 U/mL) were stored at

• [22]. The influenza A virus (IAV) strains and MDCK cells were prepared as in [22]. The cells at ≈80% confluence were initially infected with A/chicken/Kurgan/05/2005 virus (H5N1), which was added in each well in RPMI-1640 medium (100 μL) containing trypsin (2 μg/mL) at a MOI of 0.1. The control sample

The structural and chemical basis of temporary adhesion in the sea star Asterina gibbosa

• Birgit Lengerer,
• Marie Bonneel,
• Mathilde Lefevre,
• Elise Hennebert,
• Philippe Leclère,
• Emmanuel Gosselin,
• Peter Ladurner and
• Patrick Flammang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2071–2086, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.196

• and rehydration, antigen retrieval with a solution of 0.05% trypsin and 0.1% CaCl2 was performed for 15 min on 37 °C. Footprints were collected on microscope glass slides and fixed in 4% PFA in PBS overnight at room temperature. All samples were blocked in PBS containing 3% (w/v) bovine serum albumin

Biomimetic and biodegradable cellulose acetate scaffolds loaded with dexamethasone for bone implants

• Aikaterini-Rafailia Tsiapla,
• Varvara Karagkiozaki,
• Veroniki Bakola,
• Foteini Pappa,
• Panagiota Gkertsiou,
• Eleni Pavlidou and
• Stergios Logothetidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1986–1994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.189

• through electrospinning, in order to prevent the inflammation that can occur after a total hip replacement surgery. Experimental Materials and methods Materials Cellulose acetate (CA, Mw = 30,000 g/mol), dexamethasone (≥97%), acetone (≥99.8%), trypsin and methylene blue were all purchased from Sigma

Enzymatically promoted release of organic molecules linked to magnetic nanoparticles

• Chiara Lambruschini,
• Silvia Villa,
• Luca Banfi,
• Fabio Canepa,
• Fabio Morana,
• Annalisa Relini,
• Paola Riani,
• Renata Riva and
• Fulvio Silvetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 986–999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.92

• fluorophore from the tripeptide. In order to check the affinity of our peptide, and to select the correct amount of enzyme to be used, we carried out some experiments with model compound 7, using trypsin and plasmin as proteases. Trypsin, like plasmin, has a preference for lysine (or arginine) as the scissile

• pyrenylmethylamine from 50 nmol of 7 in 72 h. The conversion was already 88% after 24 h. Trypsin displayed a similar behaviour. The units for this enzyme were not provided, but comparing the rates, we established that 170 mg of trypsin had the same catalytic efficiency as 1 U of plasmin. Thus, reaction on 50 nmol of

• 7 was complete in 48 h using 4.6 μg of trypsin. In both cases, the kinetics was found to be first order with respect to the substrate. Since the aim of our work was mainly to check the compatibility of the nanoparticles with the enzymatic reaction, the more available trypsin was used in the

Green synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots from spices for in vitro imaging and tumour cell growth inhibition

• Nagamalai Vasimalai,
• Vânia Vilas-Boas,
• Juan Gallo,
• María de Fátima Cerqueira,
• Mario Menéndez-Miranda,
• José Manuel Costa-Fernández,
• Lorena Diéguez,
• Begoña Espiña and
• María Teresa Fernández-Argüelles

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 530–544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.51

• (DMEM) with high glucose content and all other chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Spain). Ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ·cm at 25 °C, Millipore USA) was used throughout the experiments. Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium with nutrient mixture F-12 (DMEM/F-12) and GlutaMAX-I™, trypsin 0.25%–EDTA

Nanoparticle delivery to metastatic breast cancer cells by nanoengineered mesenchymal stem cells

• Liga Saulite,
• Karlis Pleiko,
• Ineta Popena,
• Dominyka Dapkute,
• Ricardas Rotomskis and
• Una Riekstina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 321–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.32

• up to 90% confluence in complete cell culture medium in a humidified chamber at 37 °C with 5% CO2. For passaging, the cells were trypsinised using 0.25% trypsin–EDTA solution. All cell reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. Establishment of 3D cell culture model A poly(2

• polyHEMA-coated plates for co-culture with 2.5 × 104 MCF7 or MDA-MB-231 cells (2:1) in complete medium [52][53]. After 24 h, supernatants containing floating spheroids were aspirated and centrifuged at 250 g for 5 min. The pellet was suspended in 0.25% trypsin–EDTA for 5 min at 37 °C to ensure the

Low uptake of silica nanoparticles in Caco-2 intestinal epithelial barriers

• Dong Ye,
• Mattia Bramini,
• Delyan R. Hristov,
• Sha Wan,
• Anna Salvati,
• Christoffer Åberg and
• Kenneth A. Dawson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1396–1406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.141

• cytometry. After exposure to 100 µg/mL nanoparticles dispersed in the absence and presence of 10 % FBS, the dispersions were removed from each well and cells were rinsed twice with fresh phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Then, 1 mL 0.1% trypsin-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution was added and

• light microscope. The detached cells were then collected from each well and the same volume of complete medium added to inhibit the trypsin. Cell pellets were harvested by centrifugation at 1,500 RPM for 3 min and resuspended in fresh PBS. In order to fix the cells, 4% formalin solution (Sigma-Aldrich

Carbon nanomaterials sensitize prostate cancer cells to docetaxel and mitomycin C via induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation

• Kati Erdmann,
• Jessica Ringel,
• Silke Hampel,
• Manfred P. Wirth and
• Susanne Fuessel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1307–1317, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.132

• rate For examination of cell proliferation, cell colony formation and apoptosis cells were seeded into 6-well plates and incubated as indicated above. Seventy two hours after the end of treatment cells were harvested by trypsin/EDTA treatment and submitted to the aforementioned assays. Cell

Characterization of ferrite nanoparticles for preparation of biocomposites

• Urszula Klekotka,
• Magdalena Rogowska,
• Dariusz Satuła and
• Beata Kalska-Szostko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1257–1265, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.127

• with a bioparticle was studied. In subsequent steps, the nanoparticles were immobilized with enzymes such as albumin, glucose oxidase, lipase and trypsin as a test bioparticles. The characterization of the nanoparticles was acheived by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy

• ; magnetic nanoparticles; surface immobilization; trypsin; X-ray diffraction; Introduction Nanoparticles are important ingredients in the fabrication of biocomposites, and therefore, the surface functionalization of nanoparticles attracts great interest among scientists [1][2]. Tests that aim at the

• , we have used nanoparticles with or without attached glutaraldehyde that served as a linker between the nanoparticle and enzymes and gives more space for interaction. The enzymes tested in this paper were: albumin, glucose oxidase, lipase, and trypsin. This study is a continuation of our previous

Evaluation of quantum dot conjugated antibodies for immunofluorescent labelling of cellular targets

• Jennifer E. Francis,
• David Mason and
• Raphaël Lévy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1238–1249, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.125

• 75 cm2 flask at 37 °C with 5% CO2, minimum essential media (MEM, Life Technologies, UK) supplemented with 10% (v/v) foetal calf serum (FCS), and 1% non-essential amino acids (NEAA). Cells were split 1,000,000 cells/mL when ≥80% confluent with trypsin-EDTA. Rat mammary (Rama) 27 fibroblasts were

• previously [40]. Cells were split 1:8 when ≥60% confluent with trypsin-EDTA. A stable cell line TC7 3xGFP (expressing tubulin-GFP) was cultured in a 75 cm2 flask at 37 °C with 5% CO2, MEM (Life Technologies, UK) supplemented with 10% (v/v) FCS, 1% NEAA, and genetitin (Sigma-Aldrich, UK), as described

• previously [41]. Cells were split 1:15 when ≥80% confluent with trypsin-EDTA. Transfection HeLa cells were seeded onto 16 mm glass coverslips (100,000 cells/mL) in a 12-well plate and transfected with pG-EGFP-A (soluble GFP) or pG-EGFP-HIF2α (EGFP-HIF2α) using FuGENE6 transfection reagent (Roche Limited, UK

Nano-engineered skin mesenchymal stem cells: potential vehicles for tumour-targeted quantum-dot delivery

• Liga Saulite,
• Dominyka Dapkute,
• Karlis Pleiko,
• Ineta Popena,
• Simona Steponkiene,
• Ricardas Rotomskis and
• Una Riekstina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1218–1230, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.123

• streptomycin) (all from Sigma-Aldrich, USA). Cell suspensions were transferred into 25 cm2 tissue culture flasks and grown until reaching 80% confluence in a humidified chamber at 37 °C with 5% CO2. Cells were trypsinized with 0.25% trypsin–EDTA solution (Sigma-Aldrich, USA). Cells at passages 2 to 5 were then

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of cell lysates mixed with silver nanoparticles for tumor classification

• Mohamed Hassoun,
• Iwan W.Schie,
• Tatiana Tolstik,
• Sarmiza E. Stanca,
• Christoph Krafft and
• Juergen Popp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1183–1190, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.120

• % humidity and 5% carbon dioxide in air. 75 cm2 cell culture flasks (658170; Greiner Bio-One GmbH, Germany) were used for cultivation of the cell lines. Every two or three days the medium was changed until approximately 100% confluence was reached. Cells were detached from the substrate by a 0.05% of trypsin