The role of a tantalum interlayer in enhancing the properties of Fe₃O₄ thin films

• Hai Dang Ngo,
• Vo Doan Thanh Truong,
• Van Qui Le,
• Hoai Phuong Pham and
• Thi Kim Hang Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1253–1259, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.101

• K [1], as well as its high spin polarization with only one spin at the Fermi level, even at room temperature [2][3][4][5][6]. Fe3O4 thin films are an issue of interest and have extensive applications in Li-ion batteries, spin Seebeck devices, supercapacitors, spin Hall magnetoresistance, and the

Dual-functionalized architecture enables stable and tumor cell-specific SiO₂NPs in complex biological fluids

• Iris Renata Sousa Ribeiro,
• Raquel Frenedoso da Silva,
• Romênia Ramos Domingues,
• Adriana Franco Paes Leme and
• Mateus Borba Cardoso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1238–1252, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.100

• Biosystems) liquid chromatography system through a Proxeon nanoelectrospray ion source. Peptides were separated at a flow rate of 300 nL/min in a 2–90% acetonitrile gradient in 0.1% formic acid for a total gradient time of 65 min (35% acetonitrile at 33 min) using a PicoFrit analytical column (20 cm × ID75

• ions. The 20 most intense peptide ions with charge state ≥2 were sequentially isolated to a target value of 5000 and fragmented by collision-induced dissociation in the linear ion trap using a normalized collision energy of 35%. Dynamic exclusion was enabled with an exclusion size list of 500 peptides

Enhanced catalytic reduction through in situ synthesized gold nanoparticles embedded in glucosamine/alginate nanocomposites

• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Le-Kim-Thuy Nguyen,
• Minh-Trong Tran,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Nguyen Minh Ty,
• T. Ngoc Han Pham,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Tran Thi Huong Giang,
• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1227–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.99

• on the formation of AuNPs@GluN/Alg. We explored the Au3+ ion-to-gel ratios ranging from 1% to 9% (w/w). The results indicate that the concentration of Au3+ ions profoundly influences the formation of stable AuNPs. An increase in Au3+ concentration led to a corresponding rise in the absorbance values

A low-kiloelectronvolt focused ion beam strategy for processing low-thermal-conductance materials with nanoampere currents

• Annalena Wolff,
• Nico Klingner,
• William Thompson,
• Yinghong Zhou,
• Jinying Lin and
• Yin Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1197–1207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.97

• Xiamen Medical College, Fujian, China School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast QLD 4222, Australia 10.3762/bjnano.15.97 Abstract Ion beam-induced heat damage in thermally low conductive specimens such as biological samples is gaining increased interest within the scientific

• community. This is partly due to the increased use of FIB-SEMs in biology as well as the development of complex materials, such as polymers, which need to be analyzed. The work presented here looks at the physics behind the ion beam–sample interactions and the effect of the incident ion energy (set by the

• acceleration voltage) on inducing increases in sample temperature and potential heat damage in thermally low conductive materials such as polymers and biological samples. The ion beam-induced heat for different ion beam currents at low acceleration voltages is calculated using Fourier’s law of heat transfer

Local work function on graphene nanoribbons

• Daniel Rothhardt,
• Amina Kimouche,
• Tillmann Klamroth and
• Regina Hoffmann-Vogel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1125–1131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.91

• -dependent measurements. Experimental The experiments were conducted in an Omicron VT-SFM system (base pressure 2 × 10−10 mbar). The Au(111) single crystal substrate (Mateck GmbH) was cleaned by repeated Ar ion sputtering–annealing cycles. The cleanliness of the samples was checked by SFM measurements. Then

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• nanoparticles, a nontoxic metal ion is chosen as the precursor. This precursor can be combined with alginate, a natural polymer derived from seaweed, in a purified natural solvent such as water. Then, a reducing agent is selected to reduce the metal ions and form nanoparticles. One environmentally friendly

• , these nuclei grow and accumulate within the alginate matrix, resulting in the formation of alginate-based nanoparticles. The morphology and size of the nanoparticles can be controlled by adjusting various specifications of materials such as the concentration of alginate, metal ion precursor, pH, and

• a monolayer of gas coverage. The surface area of nanomaterials can also be determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectroscopy [64][65]. Zeta potential: The zeta potential of nanoparticles can be calculated from the electrophoretic mobility of particles in a particular

Effect of wavelength and liquid on formation of Ag, Au, Ag/Au nanoparticles via picosecond laser ablation and SERS-based detection of DMMP

• Sree Satya Bharati Moram,
• Chandu Byram and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1054–1069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.86

• (i) the plasmonic performance of Ag, (ii) a large number of NPs loaded onto the filter paper (resulting in a high yield of NPs at 1064 nm), (iii) the presence of ions from NaCl which can lead to ion-enhanced SERS effects [37][46][61]. The investigations further focused on assessing the stability of a

Interface properties of nanostructured carbon-coated biological implants: an overview

• Mattia Bartoli,
• Francesca Cardano,
• Erik Piatti,
• Stefania Lettieri,
• Andrea Fin and
• Alberto Tagliaferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1041–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.85

• , and they are classified according to the power sources used for the process (i.e., plasma-, direct current-, radiofrequency-, and ion beam-assisted coatings) [85]. All PVD processes are based on a vacuum chamber containing the material to be deposited, known as target, and the chosen substrate onto

• which the deposition occurs. During electron beam evaporation, an electron beam is used to vaporize the target material, while during sputtering, a high-energy ion beam is used to bombard the target. In both cases, atoms are ejected from the target and subsequently condense onto the substrate. The

Recent progress on field-effect transistor-based biosensors: device perspective

• Billel Smaani,
• Fares Nafa,
• Mohamed Salah Benlatrech,
• Ismahan Mahdi,
• Hamza Akroum,
• Mohamed walid Azizi,
• Khaled Harrar and
• Sayan Kanungo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 977–994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.80

• increasing their use in daily life [38]. The first ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (IS FETs) biosensor combined the metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) structure with glass electrodes for measuring ion activities in electrochemical and biological environments [39]. Subsequently, hydrogen-sensitive MOSFET

• this case, two different gate metals with distinct work functions were designed to achieve maximum on-state current and an improved Ion/Ioff ratio. The fabrication process flow for the proposed biosensor structure is detailed in [120]. Sensitivity parameters were assessed by measuring the drain-current

• constant equal to 25, the maximum value of sensitivity is 6.70 × 107, and the Ion/Ioff ratio is almost equal to 1.44 × 1011. The SG TSC TFET-based biosensor outperforms various recently proposed works. The suppression of ambipolarity is also achieved by using the drain pocket concept. It has been

Facile synthesis of Fe-based metal–organic frameworks from Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles and their application for CO₂/N₂ separation

• Van Nhieu Le,
• Hoai Duc Tran,
• Minh Tien Nguyen,
• Hai Bang Truong,
• Toan Minh Pham and
• Jinsoo Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 897–908, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.74

• -organic frameworks (MOFs) are well-ordered porous hybrid structures assembled from the fundamental components of metal ion clusters and organic linkers. MOFs are well known as multipurpose materials that serve a broad range of applications because of their unique construction variants, enormous surface

• -100Fe@Fe2O3 and MIL-100(Fe) materials The Fe-based metal-organic framework (MIL-100) was fabricated through a hydrothermal reaction system using iron(III) oxide as the precursor and H3BTC as linker for Fe ion clusters. The procedure was adapted from the method described by Aslam and coworkers [26

Electron-induced ligand loss from iron tetracarbonyl methyl acrylate

• Hlib Lyshchuk,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Thomas F. M. Luxford,
• Miloš Ranković,
• Jaroslav Kočišek,
• Juraj Fedor,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• Pamir Nag

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 797–807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.66

• surface-based investigations, where the electron-induced ligand loss has been probed by XPS [13], ion desorption [14], IR spectroscopy [15], or cluster-beam studies [16][17][18]. The ligand loss has also been probed by ion impact, both in the gas phase [19] and on the surface [13], and, theoretically, by

• , kept at around 25 °C, in a glass container through the gas inlet system. Electrostatic ion optics lenses extract and guide all produced anions from the interaction region towards a quadrupole mass filter that only lets pass anions with a given mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). Selected anions are then

• detected with a channeltron and corresponding counting electronics. Each ion yield curve was obtained individually by scanning the incident electron energy in small steps and measuring the resulting count rate for ions with a given m/z value. The incident electron beam energy scale was calibrated using the

Effect of repeating hydrothermal growth processes and rapid thermal annealing on CuO thin film properties

• Monika Ozga,
• Eunika Zielony,
• Aleksandra Wierzbicka,
• Anna Wolska,
• Marcin Klepka,
• Marek Godlewski,
• Bogdan J. Kowalski and
• Bartłomiej S. Witkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 743–754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.62

• -cleaning [1], anti-corrosion [2], and antibacterial [3] coatings. Like other CuO nanostructures, thin films also show potential for applications in photovoltaic cells [4][5], lithium-ion batteries [6], supercapacitors [7], gas sensors [8], and biosensors [9]. Furthermore, the literature reports their

Level set simulation of focused ion beam sputtering of a multilayer substrate

• Alexander V. Rumyantsev,
• Nikolai I. Borgardt,
• Roman L. Volkov and
• Yuri A. Chaplygin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 733–742, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.61

• Alexander V. Rumyantsev Nikolai I. Borgardt Roman L. Volkov Yuri A. Chaplygin National Research University of Electronic Technology - MIET, Bld. 1, Shokin Square, Zelenograd, Moscow, 124498, Russia 10.3762/bjnano.15.61 Abstract The evolution of a multilayer sample surface during focused ion beam

• understanding of the sputtering process, the distribution of oxygen atoms in the redeposited layer derived from the numerical data was compared with the corresponding elemental map acquired by energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. Keywords: electron microscopy; focused ion beam; level set simulation

• ; multilayer substrate; silicon; silicon dioxide; sputtering; Introduction The focused ion beam (FIB) technique is an effective method for surface nanostructuring. It is based on the local removal of material by sputtering with a narrow beam of, typically, gallium ions. This feature of the FIB method makes it

Simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine at a TiO₂/graphene quantum dot-modified electrode

• Vu Ngoc Hoang,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Le Vu Truong Son,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Vo Thang Nguyen,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Ly Hoang Diem,
• Kieu Chan Ly,
• Ho Sy Thang and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 719–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.60

• lithium-ion storage performance of C-GQDs/α-Fe2O3 composites in lithium batteries presented excellent cyclability and rate capability [19]. Among several chemical approaches for the synthesis of titania, sol–gel processes have been commonly used for practical application. In these sol–gel methods

Reduced subthreshold swing in a vertical tunnel FET using a low-work-function live metal strip and a low-k material at the drain

• Kalai Selvi Kanagarajan and
• Dhanalakshmi Krishnan Sadhasivan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 713–718, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.59

• low work function is placed in a high-k HfO2 layer in the source–channel region. The device is examined by the parameters Ioff, subthreshold swing, threshold voltage, and Ion/Ioff ratio. The introduction of a live metal strip in the dielectric layer closer to the source–channel interface results in a

• minimum subthreshold slope and a good Ion/Ioff ratio. The low-k material at the drain reduces the gate-to-drain capacitance. Both the SiO2 layer and the live metal strip show excellent leakage current reduction to 1.4 × 10−17 A/μm. The design provides a subthreshold swing of 5 mV/decade, which is an

• excellent improvement in TFETs, an on-current of 1.00 × 10−5 A/μm, an Ion/Ioff ratio of 7.14 × 1011, and a threshold voltage of 0.28 V. Keywords: dual low-work-function live strip (DLWLS); low-k dielectric spacer; low-work-function live strip (LWLS); Miller capacitance; molybdenum; subthreshold swing (SS

Functional fibrillar interfaces: Biological hair as inspiration across scales

• Guillermo J. Amador,
• Brett Klaassen van Oorschot,
• Caiying Liao,
• Jianing Wu and
• Da Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.55

• ]. At the microscopic scale, microalgae, such as C. reinhardtii, may utilize the hair-like ultrastructures, or mastigonemes, on their flagella to sense fluid flow while swimming [26]. The mastigonemes have been observed to be anchored to a channel protein that shows ion conductivity, and the mastigoneme

Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

Exfoliation of titanium nitride using a non-thermal plasma process

• Priscila Jussiane Zambiazi,
• Dolores Ribeiro Ricci Lazar,
• Larissa Otubo,
• Rodrigo Fernando Brambilla de Souza,
• Almir Oliveira Neto and
• Cecilia Chaves Guedes-Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 631–637, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.53

• is attributed to the vibration of heavy titanium ions around nitrogen vacancies, while the 592 cm−1 peak arises from nitrogen ion vibrations near titanium vacancies [22][23][24]. Remarkably, the Raman spectra for both bulk and exfoliated TiN samples are similar. This consistency suggests that the non

Aero-ZnS prepared by physical vapor transport on three-dimensional networks of sacrificial ZnO microtetrapods

• Veaceslav Ursaki,
• Tudor Braniste,
• Victor Zalamai,
• Emil Rusu,
• Vladimir Ciobanu,
• Vadim Morari,
• Daniel Podgornii,
• Pier Carlo Ricci,
• Rainer Adelung and
• Ion Tiginyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 490–499, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.44

• Veaceslav Ursaki Tudor Braniste Victor Zalamai Emil Rusu Vladimir Ciobanu Vadim Morari Daniel Podgornii Pier Carlo Ricci Rainer Adelung Ion Tiginyanu National Center for Materials Study and Testing, Technical University of Moldova, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova Academy of Sciences of Moldova

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light by cobalt ferrite nanoparticles/graphene quantum dots

• Vo Chau Ngoc Anh,
• Le Thi Thanh Nhi,
• Le Thi Kim Dung,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Truong Son,
• Nguyen Thi Thao Uyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Uyen Thu,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Le Trung Hieu,
• Tran Ngoc Tuyen and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 475–489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.43

• (Japan). High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) observation was performed with a JEM 1010. The intermediates in the MB degradation were determined by using an Agilent 1100 LC/MS-MS system with an electron spray ionization source combined with an ion trap. Synthesis of CoFe2O4, CoFe2O4

Fabrication of nanocrystal forms of ᴅ-cycloserine and their application for transdermal and enteric drug delivery systems

• Hsuan-Ang Tsai,
• Tsai-Miao Shih,
• Theodore Tsai,
• Jhe-Wei Hu,
• Yi-An Lai,
• Jui-Fu Hsiao and
• Guochuan Emil Tsai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 465–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.42

• . The total run time of the LC was 20 min. Ionization and detection of the analyte were performed on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (API-2000, AB Sciex Pte. Ltd.), operating in positive ion mode. Quantitation was done using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode to monitor protonated precursor

• → ion transition product of m/z 103.1 → 75.0 for DCS of this study. The concentration range of DCS for the calculation curve was from 0 to 0.3 mg/mL. The standard curve was built as y = 2E+07x + 43665, and the value of r2 was 0.9986. Statistical analysis Each transdermal formulation in the in vitro

Sidewall angle tuning in focused electron beam-induced processing

• Sangeetha Hari,
• Willem F. van Dorp,
• Johannes J. L. Mulders,
• Piet H. F. Trompenaars,
• Pieter Kruit and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 447–456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.40

• using focused ion beam (FIB) milling and shown as an electron tilt image in Figure 1b, clearly demonstrates the Gaussian shape. For lithography applications, however, both the long tails and the Gaussian cross section are highly undesirable. The tails may form interconnects to neighboring lines, and the

Unveiling the nature of atomic defects in graphene on a metal surface

• Karl Rothe,
• Nicolas Néel and
• Jörg Kröger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 416–425, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.37

• Karl Rothe Nicolas Neel Jorg Kroger Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Ilmenau, D-98693 Ilmenau, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.15.37 Abstract Low-energy argon ion bombardment of graphene on Ir(111) induces atomic-scale defects at the surface. Using a scanning tunneling microscope, the two

• by noble-gas ion irradiation [6][13][14][17][19][21][24], represents an opportunity for systematic defect studies. The work presented here was stimulated by the lack of experimental data on the actual geometry of atomic-scale defects in graphene. So far, scanning tunneling microscope (STM

• of defects. Experimental A combined STM-AFM was operated in ultrahigh vacuum (5 × 10−9 Pa) and at low temperature (5 K). Surfaces of Ir(111) were cleaned by Ar+ ion bombardement and annealing. The epitaxial growth of graphene proceeded by exposing the heated (1300 K) Ir(111) surface to the gaseous

Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• nanomaterials with more hydroxy groups in the stoichiometric composition generally tend to exhibit higher CAT activity because hydroxy groups enhance ion exchange on the surface of nanomaterials by providing active sites [35][36]. The CAT-like activity was also investigated in copper-based nanomaterials by

Investigating ripple pattern formation and damage profiles in Si and Ge induced by 100 keV Ar⁺ ion beam: a comparative study

• Indra Sulania,
• Harpreet Sondhi,
• Tanuj Kumar,
• Sunil Ojha,
• G R Umapathy,
• Ambuj Mishra,
• Ambuj Tripathi,
• Richa Krishna,
• Devesh Kumar Avasthi and
• Yogendra Kumar Mishra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 367–375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.33

• Research and Innovation, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies University, Dehradun 248007, India 10.3762/bjnano.15.33 Abstract Desired modifications of surfaces at the nanoscale may be achieved using energetic ion beams. In the present work, a complete study of self-assembled ripple pattern

• fabrication on Si and Ge by 100 keV Ar+ ion beam bombardment is discussed. The irradiation was performed in the ion fluence range of ≈3 × 1017 to 9 × 1017 ions/cm2 and at an incident angle of θ ≈ 60° with respect to the surface normal. The investigation focuses on topographical studies of pattern formation

• using atomic force microscopy, and induced damage profiles inside Si and Ge by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy. The ripple wavelength was found to scale with ion fluence, and energetic ions created more defects inside Si as compared to that of Ge. Although