Spin-coated planar Sb₂S₃ hybrid solar cells approaching 5% efficiency

• Pascal Kaienburg,
• Benjamin Klingebiel and
• Thomas Kirchartz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2114–2124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.200

• visible. For better comparison, SEM images of substrates without Sb2S3 can be found in Figure S1, Supporting Information File 1. The morphology is improved by annealing the films at 100 °C directly after spin-coating for approximately 60 minutes prior to thermal decomposition at 180 °C. Figure 2b shows

•  1. The existence of pinholes is thus not caused by crystallizing the film which emphasizes that the detailed procedure of thermal decomposition is crucial for the film morphology. Grain sizes are on the order of 500 nm. While even the optimized annealing procedure cannot fully avoid the presence of

• ][38] reached an efficiencies >4%. This work extends the progress to almost 5%. SEM images of Sb2S3 thin films after crystallization at 265 °C. Direct thermal decomposition of the spin-coated Sb-TU precursor solution leaves the substrate largely uncovered (a). An intermediate slow annealing step at 100

Synthesis of a MnO₂/Fe₃O₄/diatomite nanocomposite as an efficient heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst for methylene blue degradation

• Zishun Li,
• Xuekun Tang,
• Kun Liu,
• Jing Huang,
• Yueyang Xu,
• Qian Peng and
• Minlin Ao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1940–1950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.185

• catalyst Raw diatomite was purified by acid-washing in 2 M HCl solution at 75 °C for 4 h according to [20]. The Fe3O4/diatomite composite was prepared through thermal decomposition and in situ loading [3]. Typically, 0.4 g of purified diatomite was first put into 60 mL TREG under magnetic stirring for 30

Synthesis of rare-earth metal and rare-earth metal-fluoride nanoparticles in ionic liquids and propylene carbonate

• Marvin Siebels,
• Lukas Mai,
• Laura Schmolke,
• Kai Schütte,
• Juri Barthel,
• Junpei Yue,
• Jörg Thomas,
• Bernd M. Smarsly,
• Anjana Devi,
• Roland A. Fischer and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1881–1894, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.180

• suspended in PC and decomposed in the microwave reactor for up to 20 min at 230 °C (Scheme 1). The microwave-assisted thermal decomposition gave rare-earth metal nanoparticles (RE-NPs). Again, for Eu(dpm)3 no particles were seen in TEM investigations. The size and size distribution of the RE-NPs were

• PC (Figure S3, Supporting Information File 1) gave no signals for fluorine. Conclusion Microwave-assisted thermal decomposition [56][57][58] using the rare-earth metal(III) coordination compounds tris(N,N′-diisopropyl-2-methyl-amidinate) RE(amd)3 (RE = Pr(III), Gd(III), Er(III)) and tris(2,2,6,6

• -NPs or RE-NPs from the rare-earth metal amidinates RE(amd)3 and Eu(dpm)3 by microwave-assisted thermal decomposition in the ionic liquids [BMIm][BF4], [BMIm][NTf2] and PC. RE-/REF3-NPs sizes and size distributions.a Comparison of XPS binding energies in REF3-NP samples in [BMIm][BF4]. Comparison of

Sulfur-, nitrogen- and platinum-doped titania thin films with high catalytic efficiency under visible-light illumination

• Boštjan Žener,
• Lev Matoh,
• Giorgio Carraro,
• Bojan Miljević and
• Romana Cerc Korošec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1629–1640, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.155

• determine the crystallization temperature of different xerogel samples and the course of their thermal decomposition. The thermal decomposition of the amorphous xerogels, followed by the complementary techniques of thermal analysis of different samples are shown in Figure 1. The thermal decomposition of

• . Based on these results and the results of XRD measurements, we determined 450 °C to be the optimal temperature for the thermal treatment of samples synthesized with HCl. The thermal decomposition of sample S1 also occurs in three successive steps. In the first (30–230 °C) and second (330–440 °C) step

• , 600 °C was determined to be the optimal temperature for the thermal treatment of samples synthesized with H2SO4. The thermal decomposition of sample S3 occurs in three successive steps. In the first step (30–250 °C), water (m/z = 18) evolves from the sample, in the second (285–510 °C) and third (510

Closed polymer containers based on phenylboronic esters of resorcinarenes

• Tatiana Yu. Sergeeva,
• Rezeda K. Mukhitova,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Polina D. Klypina,
• Albina Y. Ziganshina and
• Alexander I. Konovalov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1594–1601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.151

• than SRA. The DSC curve of SRA exhibits two differential peaks at 100 and 310 °C. The first peak corresponds to water loss. The second one is the thermal decomposition of SRA. In contrast to SRA, the second small peak appears only at 400 °C in the DSC profile of p(SRA-B) (see Supporting Information

Formation mechanisms of boron oxide films fabricated by large-area electron beam-induced deposition of trimethyl borate

• Aiden A. Martin and
• Philip J. Depond

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1282–1287, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.120

• and undergoes subsequent reaction with an electron beam. The process has major advantages over thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes one of which being that the substrate is not exposed to the elevated temperatures required for the thermal decomposition of precursor molecules. To date, the

Understanding the performance and mechanism of Mg-containing oxides as support catalysts in the thermal dry reforming of methane

• Nor Fazila Khairudin,
• Mohd Farid Fahmi Sukri,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1162–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.108

• . Rapid reactions occur between the active plasma species and catalyst precursors compared to the thermal decomposition technique. Therefore, this may encourage the rapid nucleation of the crystals under plasma treatment. The application of low temperature may result in slow crystal growth, which

• . Yan et. al [102] studied the preparation methods of the Ni catalyst, which are the DBD plasma and thermal decomposition. It is interesting to note that plasma treatment produces more Ni (111) surface with fewer defects, which is most suitable for suppressing carbon deposition. Meanwhile, the structure

• for Ni catalysts were treated via thermal decomposition recorded with a great number of defect sites, which consist of Ni (100) and Ni (101) surfaces. These surfaces could increase carbon deposition rate. Table 3 summarizes the development and process conditions of Mg-containing oxide catalysts used

Single-crystalline FeCo nanoparticle-filled carbon nanotubes: synthesis, structural characterization and magnetic properties

• Rasha Ghunaim,
• Maik Scholz,
• Christine Damm,
• Bernd Rellinghaus,
• Rüdiger Klingeler,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Michael Mertig and
• Silke Hampel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1024–1034, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.95

• devices. Different techniques have been applied for the synthesis of these magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), such as mechanical alloying [23], electrodeposition [24], radio frequency (rf)-plasma torch [25], sol–gel methods [26][27], reverse micelle systems [28] and thermal decomposition of bimetallic alloys

Perovskite-structured CaTiO₃ coupled with g-C₃N₄ as a heterojunction photocatalyst for organic pollutant degradation

• Ashish Kumar,
• Christian Schuerings,
• Suneel Kumar,
• Ajay Kumar and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 671–685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.62

• ) analysis was carried out from ambient temperature to 800 °C, at a heating rate of 10 °C min−1 under nitrogen atmosphere. The corresponding results are presented in Figure 3. For pure g-C3N4 nanosheets, the rapid decay of the TGA curve from 520 °C to 740 °C represents the typical thermal decomposition and

Electron interactions with the heteronuclear carbonyl precursor H₂FeRu₃(CO)₁₃ and comparison with HFeCo₃(CO)₁₂: from fundamental gas phase and surface science studies to focused electron beam induced deposition

• Ragesh Kumar T P,
• Paul Weirich,
• Lukas Hrachowina,
• Marc Hanefeld,
• Ragnar Bjornsson,
• Helgi Rafn Hrodmarsson,
• Sven Barth,
• D. Howard Fairbrother,
• Michael Huth and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 555–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.53

Ultralight super-hydrophobic carbon aerogels based on cellulose nanofibers/poly(vinyl alcohol)/graphene oxide (CNFs/PVA/GO) for highly effective oil–water separation

• Zhaoyang Xu,
• Huan Zhou,
• Sicong Tan,
• Xiangdong Jiang,
• Weibing Wu,
• Jiangtao Shi and
• Peng Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 508–519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.49

• . After the carbonization treatment, the oxygen-containing functional groups in GO were deoxygenated along with the restoration of conjugated structures. Besides, the hydroxy groups on the GO were expected to be significantly eliminated during the thermal decomposition, as was confirmed by the FTIR

• spectra (Figure 3). It has been reported that the binding energy of hydroxy groups to the carbon atoms is lower than the other oxygen-functional groups, so the hydroxy groups are significantly removed at the initial stage of thermal decomposition [36][37]. The above results and analysis indicated that rGO

• thermal decomposition of the aerogels. As shown in the TGA curves of the CNF/PVA/GO carbon aerogels, no weight loss occurred, indicating that carbonation was complete. Hydrophobicity is an important parameter that influences the absorption capability for organic solvents and oils. Besides, it is reported

Gas-assisted silver deposition with a focused electron beam

• Luisa Berger,
• Katarzyna Madajska,
• Iwona B. Szymanska,
• Katja Höflich,
• Mikhail N. Polyakov,
• Jakub Jurczyk,
• Carlos Guerra-Nuñez and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 224–232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.24

• high silver content in those particles. The particle sizes are significantly smaller than those in the FEBID structures and can range from 4 to 10 nm, as shown in the histogram in Figure 6d. We attribute this background deposition of silver nanoparticles either to competing thermal decomposition of the

Electron-driven and thermal chemistry during water-assisted purification of platinum nanomaterials generated by electron beam induced deposition

• Ziyan Warneke,
• Markus Rohdenburg,
• Jonas Warneke,
• Janina Kopyra and
• Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 77–90, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.10

• previous results [10], non-irradiated MeCpPtMe3 desorbs in UHV without noticeable thermal decomposition. To investigate the contribution of thermal decomposition to the FEBID process, a TDS experiment was performed after extensive irradiation, i.e., at a time when the ESD signals of CH4 had decayed

• by release of some CH4 that was retained in the thick layer at 105 K. In contrast, the release of CH4 above 230 K points to thermal decomposition of less volatile products formed during electron irradiation of MeCpPtMe3. After desorption of the precursor, these products remain on the surface and

• processes than during the previous irradiation at 105 K. About half of this thermal CH4 release has occurred up to room temperature alone thus making a significant contribution to deposit formation. In addition, the further thermal decomposition extending up to 450 K is relevant to purification by post

The rational design of a Au(I) precursor for focused electron beam induced deposition

• Ali Marashdeh,
• Thiadrik Tiesma,
• Niels J. C. van Velzen,
• Sjoerd Harder,
• Remco W. A. Havenith,
• Jeff T. M. De Hosson and
• Willem F. van Dorp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2753–2765, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.274

• Table 3 shows, it is stabilized by at least +6.5 kcal/mol, which suggests it is stable enough to be used as a precursor. Possibly it needs to be kept at low temperatures to avoid thermal decomposition in the reservoir, but that is technically feasible. When MeAuCO is exposed to electrons, it is likely

One-step chemical vapor deposition synthesis and supercapacitor performance of nitrogen-doped porous carbon–carbon nanotube hybrids

• Egor V. Lobiak,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva,
• Ekaterina O. Fedorovskaya,
• Yury V. Shubin,
• Pavel E. Plyusnin,
• Pierre Lonchambon,
• Boris V. Senkovskiy,
• Zinfer R. Ismagilov,
• Emmanuel Flahaut and
• Alexander V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2669–2679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.267

• ]. With the purpose to study the effect of the nature of the transition metal on the nitrogen content and the structure of the porous carbon–MWCNT hybrid, we used cluster-type polyoxomolybdates of Co, Ni, and Fe as catalyst precursors. In earlier work, we have shown that the thermal decomposition of such

The role of ligands in coinage-metal nanoparticles for electronics

• Ioannis Kanelidis and
• Tobias Kraus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2625–2639, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.263

• -mediated synthesis [18][19][20], thermal decomposition [21], gamma, and electron beam irradiation [22][23], vapor phase deposition [24] and in situ synthesis through inkjet printing [25]. Such metal nanostructures are useful in inks for printed electronics (Figure 1). They are small enough not to limit

• . Sintering has been achieved by thermal decomposition of the ligands [35][36], light [37][38], plasma treatment [39], microwaves [40], electrical voltage applied to the film [41], chemical agents [42], or ageing [43]. Thermal decomposition, the conventional method for welding metal nanoparticles together

Synthesis of [{AgO₂CCH₂OMe(PPh₃)}_n] and theoretical study of its use in focused electron beam induced deposition

• Jelena Tamuliene,
• Julian Noll,
• Peter Frenzel,
• Tobias Rüffer,
• Alexander Jakob,
• Bernhard Walfort and
• Heinrich Lang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2615–2624, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.262

• decomposition of 1, followed by an exothermic peak at 240 °C. In addition to TG/DTG and DSC measurements (Figure 2), TG–MS coupling experiments were carried out to gain a deeper insight into the thermal decomposition behavior of solid 1 (Figure 3). As it can be seen from Figure 3, the decomposition of 1 occurs

Synthesis of metal-fluoride nanoparticles supported on thermally reduced graphite oxide

• Alexa Schmitz,
• Kai Schütte,
• Vesko Ilievski,
• Juri Barthel,
• Laura Burk,
• Rolf Mülhaupt,
• Junpei Yue,
• Bernd Smarsly and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2474–2483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.247

• , 35392 Gießen, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.8.247 Abstract Metal-fluoride nanoparticles, (MFx-NPs) with M = Fe, Co, Pr, Eu, supported on different types of thermally reduced graphite oxide (TRGO) were obtained by microwave-assisted thermal decomposition of transition-metal amidinates, (M{MeC[N(iPr)]2}n) or [M

• ] by microwave (MW)-assisted thermal decomposition on thermally reduced graphite oxide (TRGO) in the ionic liquid [BMIm][BF4]. Determined sizes of MFx-NPs in MFx@TRGO samples.a Comparison of XPS binding energies.a Supporting Information Information about the synthesis of TRGO and TRGO-SH, the analysis

Fabrication of CeO₂–MO_x (M = Cu, Co, Ni) composite yolk–shell nanospheres with enhanced catalytic properties for CO oxidation

• Ling Liu,
• Jingjing Shi,
• Hongxia Cao,
• Ruiyu Wang and
• Ziwu Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2425–2437, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.241

• synthesized by thermal decomposition of the as-prepared Ce–Zn precursor and exhibited excellent activity for removing CO [17]. CeO2–ZnO composite hollow microspheres were fabricated via annealing of a precursor of amorphous zinc–cerium citrate hollow microspheres and presented excellent catalytic activity in

• completed by thermal decomposition of the Ce-CPCSs at 500 °C for 4 h in air with a heating rate of 8 °C/min. Synthesis of CeO2–MOx composite yolk–shell nanospheres In a typical process, 0.04 mmol of M(CH3COO)2·xH2O (M = Cu, Co, Ni) was dissolved in 16 mL of absolute ethanol under vigorous stirring. Then 50

Synthesis and functionalization of NaGdF₄:Yb,Er@NaGdF₄ core–shell nanoparticles for possible application as multimodal contrast agents

• Dovile Baziulyte-Paulaviciene,
• Vitalijus Karabanovas,
• Marius Stasys,
• Greta Jarockyte,
• Vilius Poderys,
• Simas Sakirzanovas and
• Ricardas Rotomskis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1815–1824, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.183

• ultrasmall core and core–shell UCNPs were synthesized via a thermal decomposition method. Furthermore, it was shown that the epitaxial growth of a NaGdF4 optical inert layer covering the NaGdF4:Yb,Er core effectively minimizes surface quenching due to the spatial isolation of the core from the surroundings

Three-in-one approach towards efficient organic dye-sensitized solar cells: aggregation suppression, panchromatic absorption and resonance energy transfer

• Jayita Patwari,
• Samim Sardar,
• Bo Liu,
• Peter Lemmens and
• Samir Kumar Pal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1705–1713, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.171

• substrates via thermal decomposition of 5 mM platinum chloride (in isopropanol) at 385 °C for 30 min. 60 μm thick Surlyn was used as a spacer between the active and counter electrodes. The I−/I3− redox couple, which was prepared by mixing iodine crystal (I2), lithium iodide (LiI), and 4-tert-butylpyridine

Fabrication of hierarchically porous TiO₂ nanofibers by microemulsion electrospinning and their application as anode material for lithium-ion batteries

• Jin Zhang,
• Yibing Cai,
• Xuebin Hou,
• Xiaofei Song,
• Pengfei Lv,
• Huimin Zhou and
• Qufu Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1297–1306, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.131

• calcined sample A1, sample B2 and sample C2 were the same naming method as sample A2. Characterization Thermogravimetric analysis (1100SF) was employed to characterize the thermal decomposition of as-spun TiO2 nanofibers in air atmosphere with a heating rate of 10 °C/min. X-ray diffraction patterns of

A top-down approach for fabricating three-dimensional closed hollow nanostructures with permeable thin metal walls

• Carlos Angulo Barrios and
• Víctor Canalejas-Tejero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1231–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.124

• with the purpose of releasing CO2 (thermal decomposition of carbonates) to the surroundings by applying heat to the Si chip. Note also that, besides SU-8, other organic polymers can be used to form the load-containing template. In addition, apart from evaporation, other metal deposition techniques

Hierarchically structured nanoporous carbon tubes for high pressure carbon dioxide adsorption

• Julia Patzsch,
• Deepu J. Babu and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1135–1144, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.115

• presence of graphitic carbon. Furthermore, the decrease in the D/G ratio observed with an increase in temperature corroborates the similar trend of the increased graphitic ratio observed from TEM measurements. The thermal decomposition behavior of the carbon tubes (4) carbonized at 950 °C was examined

Structural properties and thermal stability of cobalt- and chromium-doped α-MnO₂ nanorods

• Romana Cerc Korošec,
• Polona Umek,
• Alexandre Gloter,
• Jana Padežnik Gomilšek and
• Peter Bukovec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1032–1042, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.104

• synthesized at 170 °C is significantly lower than in the undoped samples. Analysis of an individual cobalt-doped α-MnO2 nanorod with HAADF-STEM reveals that the distribution of cobalt through the cross-section of the nanorod is uniform. The course of thermal decomposition of the doped nanorods is similar to

• content of chromium ions (below 0.3 atom %), which is below the detection limit. Comparison of TG curves (Figure 8a) shows that the course of thermal decomposition of chromium- and cobalt-doped samples is similar to that of the undoped samples. In our case, the dopant ions did not preserve the MnO2 phase

• shown here). This behavior has been observed also by other authors [5][9]. The mass loss in this step varies from 7.98 to 9.42%. During this step, the evolution of oxygen (m/z 32) was detected in the mass spectrometer. The fourth step of thermal decomposition, from 700 °C to 900 °C, occurs only in some