A visible-light photodetector based on heterojunctions between CuO nanoparticles and ZnO nanorods

• Doan Nhat Giang,
• Nhat Minh Nguyen,
• Duc Anh Ngo,
• Thanh Trang Tran,
• Le Thai Duy,
• Cong Khanh Tran,
• Thi Thanh Van Tran,
• Phan Phuong Ha La and
• Vinh Quang Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1018–1027, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.84

• [21]. Regardless, pure ZnO still has the considerable drawback of a wide bandgap (ca. 3.35 eV), which limits its usability for visible-light photodetectors. ZnO absorbs light only in the UV region (less than 4% of the sunlight spectrum) [23]. Extending the operation range of ZnO nanomaterials toward

• . The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) results in Figure 1c show Zn, Cu, and O, which indicates the presence of ZnO and CuO. No further impurities were found. The results from X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy confirm that the nanoparticles covering the surfaces and

• JCPDS card No. 01-080-0076. This is proof of the existence of CuO NPs in the CuO NPs/ZnO NRs structure. Figure 2b shows the UV–vis absorption spectra of the pure ZnO NRs and ZnO NRs decorated with CuO NPs. Both samples containing ZnO NRs have absorption edges in a wavelength range from 300 to 380 nm due

Isolation of cubic Si₃P₄ in the form of nanocrystals

• Polina K. Nikiforova,
• Sergei S. Bubenov,
• Vadim B. Platonov,
• Andrey S. Kumskov,
• Nikolay N. Kononov,
• Tatyana A. Kuznetsova and
• Sergey G. Dorofeev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 971–979, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.80

• , and UV–vis spectrophotometry. For the isolated cubic Si3P4 phase, a cell parameter of a = 5.04 Å was determined, and the bandgap was estimated to be equal to 1.25 eV. Because of the nanoscale dimensions of the obtained Si3P4 nanoparticles, the product may exhibit several exceptional properties as a

• agglomeration for at least a month. The synthesized samples were brown powders that formed brown sols in acetonitrile, quite similar in appearance to those of Si NPs. Upon examination of the UV–vis absorption spectra, a bandgap of 1.25 eV was established using Tauc plot (Figure 5). A simpler approach for a

Prediction of cytotoxicity of heavy metals adsorbed on nano-TiO₂ with periodic table descriptors using machine learning approaches

• Joyita Roy,
• Souvik Pore and
• Kunal Roy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 939–950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.77

• properties [3]. It absorbs UV radiation and shows self-cleaning ability. Nanoparticles have a susceptibility to adsorb other substances to form a mixture leading to a shift of toxicity to living organisms [4]. Hence, many studies have reported cytotoxic characteristics of TiO2 [5][6]. Some NPs are fatal to

Upscaling the urea method synthesis of CoAl layered double hydroxides

• Camilo Jaramillo-Hernández,
• Víctor Oestreicher,
• Martín Mizrahi and
• Gonzalo Abellán

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 927–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.76

• spectroscopic techniques (ATR-FTIR, UV–vis, XPS, ICP-MS, and XANES-EXAFS). In the case of the volumetric scale-up, a reduction of 45% in the lateral dimensions of the crystals (from 3.7 to 2.0 µm) is observed as the reaction volume increases. This fact is related to modified heating processes affecting the

• ][49]. The XPS spectra of the samples x20V and x25M are indistinguishable from that of reference x1, suggesting the lack of CoIII in the impurity of sample x25M. Supporting Information File 1, Table S2 compiles further information related to the XPS signals. Finally, UV–vis spectroscopy has

• Co atoms are in the same oxidation state (2+), they would be found in different environments, as suggested by PXRD and confirmed by UV–vis spectroscopy. This means the presence of the α-CoII LH impurity. To quantify its fraction, the spectrum of sample x25M was reproduced by using a linear

Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles for target-specific drug delivery of chemotherapeutics

• Mamta Kumari,
• Amitabha Acharya and
• Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 912–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.75

• efficacy is an important factor to improve therapeutic efficacy. Researchers are actively working on quantification methods that are specific, rapid, sensitive, simple, and easy to use. The Lowry assay, UV spectroscopy, Bradford assay, and bicinchoninic acid assay are widely used and accepted methods to

N-Heterocyclic carbene-based gold etchants

• Robert B. Chevalier,
• Justin Pantano,
• Matthew K. Kiesewetter and
• Jason R. Dwyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 865–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.71

• aqueous solution with 10 μL of 5.00 × 10−3 M of 1 in THF. No appreciable change in the UV–vis spectrum was observed over 6 h of hourly measurements (Figure 5), indicating no detectable change in diameter (ca. 47 nm) and concentration of the nanoparticles [26]. This is not surprising given the low

• integration time of 30 s. UV–vis spectra were collected using UVProbe 2.51 software on a Shimadzu UV-3600 Plus UV–vis–NIR spectrophotometer with a 1 cm path length quartz cuvette. Four species were examined, namely 1,3-diisopropyl-5-nitrobenzimidazolium iodide (1), 1,3-diisopropyl-5-nitrobenzimidazolium

• , used as an adhesion layer underneath the original gold film, was present on the surface in (a). UV–vis spectra of 10 µL of 5 mM 1 in THF mixed with 10 mL of AuNPs (left) and 10 μL of 5 mM 2 in THF mixed with 10 mL of AuNPs (right) over 6 h of hourly measurements. The inset shows the peak at approx. 530

Industrial perspectives for personalized microneedles

• Remmi Danae Baker-Sediako,
• Benjamin Richter,
• Matthias Blaicher,
• Michael Thiel and
• Martin Hermatschweiler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 857–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.70

• penetrating tips. “Shell & Scaffold” is leveraged to print hollow rather than solid structures, thereby polymerizing less internal volumes to speed up the printing process. Important to note, structures made by “Shell & Scaffold” require a post-development UV curing for a few minutes to polymerize the

• –20 min, followed by an isopropyl alcohol bath for 2–5 min. Afterwards, the microneedles were allowed to dry in air before UV curing for 20–40 min. The microneedles were fabricated from proprietary and commercially available negative-tone IPX-Q and negative-tone IP-S with the medium (ZEISS 25x NA 0.8

Biomimetics on the micro- and nanoscale – The 25th anniversary of the lotus effect

• Matthias Mail,
• Kerstin Koch,
• Thomas Speck,
• William M. Megill and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 850–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.69

• densely covers both leaf surfaces, contributes to the plant's adaptation to severe environmental conditions in Antarctica by increasing its resistance to cold temperatures, icing, harmful UV radiation, and dehydration. In the paper “Micro-structures, nanomechanical properties and flight performance of

Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies

• Giuliana Muraca,
• María Esperanza Ruiz,
• Rocío C. Gambaro,
• Sebastián Scioli-Montoto,
• María Laura Sbaraglini,
• Gisel Padula,
• José Sebastián Cisneros,
• Cecilia Yamil Chain,
• Vera A. Álvarez,
• Cristián Huck-Iriart,
• Guillermo R. Castro,
• María Belén Piñero,
• Matias Ildebrando Marchetto,
• Catalina Alba Soto,
• Germán A. Islan and
• Alan Talevi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66

• the filtrate (i.e., the free drug concentration) in μg/mL, and Vf is the volume after ultrasonication (mL). The theoretical drug loading (DL%) was calculated as follows: HPLC analysis of benznidazole Chromatographic separation was achieved by HPLC (Gilson SAS, Villiers-Le-Bel, France) via UV detection

Silver-based SERS substrates fabricated using a 3D printed microfluidic device

• Phommachith Sonexai,
• Minh Van Nguyen,
• Bui The Huy and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 793–803, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.65

• ), mineral oil (light molecular biology grade), sorbitan monooleate (SPAN 80), and trisodium citrate dehydrate (TCD) (99%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar (Republic of Korea). Sylgard 184 A&B was obtained from Sewang Hitech (Republic of Korea), and the XL-1500 UV cross-linker used for UV curing was purchased

• , TESCAN). A UV–vis spectrometer (Agilent 8453, Agilent, USA) and a micro-Raman spectrometer (NS200, Nanoscope System, Republic of Korea) were used to record the absorption spectra and Raman spectra, respectively. Fabrication of the droplet-based microfluidic device The fabrication process of the

• -treated by being soaked for 20 min in a 90% (v/v) isopropanol solution, followed by 10 min in deionized water, and then gently dried in a nitrogen flow. After that, the mold was exposed to UV light at an energy level of 120 mJ·cm−2 for 30 s and then annealed at 60 °C for 12 h in an oven for slow

Silver nanoparticles loaded on lactose/alginate: in situ synthesis, catalytic degradation, and pH-dependent antibacterial activity

• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu,
• T. Lan-Anh Vo,
• T. Thu-Trang Ho,
• Kim-Phuong T. Dang,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Phan Nhat Minh,
• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Vinh-Thien Tran,
• Van-Su Dang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Radek Fajgar,
• Thi-Lan-Huong Nguyen,
• Van-Dat Doan and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 781–792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.64

• (SPR) of the AgNPs, which falls in the range of 400–450 nm. The synthesis of stable AgNPs was performed at solution temperatures ranging from 30 to 90 °C. The results are shown in Figure 2A and Figure 2B. Below 70 °C, the SPR peak in the UV–vis spectra disappeared, indicating that no AgNPs were formed

• , as evidenced by the absence of any notable change in λmax values. To investigate the influence of the reaction time, the gel Ag+@Lac/Alg was heated at a solution temperature of 90 °C and the UV–vis spectra were measured every 20 min. As seen in Figure 2C and Figure 2D, the formation of AgNPs in the

• in the absorbance value in the UV–vis spectra. Minor changes in λmax values were noted from the absorption data, indicating a slight influence of the silver-ion-to-nanocomposite ratio on the physicochemical properties of the synthesized AgNPs. Considering these findings, two ratios of silver ions to

Carboxylic acids and light interact to affect nanoceria stability and dissolution in acidic aqueous environments

• Matthew L. Hancock,
• Eric A. Grulke and
• Robert A. Yokel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 762–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.63

• biological systems. Ceria has been considered a possible UV filter in sunscreens [2][42]. Oxygen defects in the crystal lattice of ceria can presumably be altered by UV irradiation causing a redox switching of the cerium atoms between Ce3+ and Ce4+. This could explain the observance of a blue shift of the

• absorption edge in the UVA region [43]. Studying the effects of UV irradiation on nanoceria would be informative for environmental applications. In biological systems, colloidal nanoceria dispersions were found to be non-toxic to fibroblasts and were capable of preventing damage from UV irradiation [44

• ]. When exposed to artificial sunlight, ceria nanoparticles produced hydroxy radicals and induced lipid peroxidation of the gills of cardinal tetra, a native species of the Rio Negro region [45]. The citric acid coating can also be altered by UV irradiation. Photolysis of citric acid under a Hg lamp

Control of morphology and crystallinity of CNTs in flame synthesis with one-dimensional reaction zone

• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Ni Luh Wulan Septiani and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 741–750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.61

• utilized in photon energy conversion devices due to the excellent photo response in the visible and near-UV light regions. Hence, controlling morphology and functionalization of such nanomaterials during synthesis will open vast opportunities to satisfy the requirements for various specific applications

Nanomaterials for photocatalysis and applications in environmental remediation and renewable energy

• Viet Van Pham and
• Wee-Jun Ong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 722–724, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.58

• studies [20][21][22]. Besides, Nhu et al. [23] used rosin as a green chemical approach to fabricate ZnO nanoparticles, exhibiting a high photocatalytic activity for both methylene blue (100%) and methyl orange (82.78%) decomposition after 210 min under UV radiation. Moreover, the advantages in the

A graphene quantum dots–glassy carbon electrode-based electrochemical sensor for monitoring malathion

• Sanju Tanwar,
• Aditi Sharma and
• Dhirendra Mathur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 701–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.56

• hydrothermal process with glucose as a precursor undergoing carbonization. Different spectroscopic techniques were used to analyze the optical characteristics of GQDs, including UV–visible, photoluminescence, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy. Atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray

• obtained, which will be used as an electrochemical nanosensor in further studies for malathion detection (Figure 1). Characterization FTIR, Raman, UV–vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy measurements were carried out to determine the optical properties of GQDs. A Perkin Elmer LAMBDA 750 spectrophotometer was

• used to record the UV–visible absorbance spectrum. The luminescence characteristics of the GQDs were investigated using a Perkin Elmer LS 55 fluorescence spectrometer. On a Perkin Elmer FT-IR Spectrum 2, FTIR spectra were measured in the range of 500–4000 cm−1 by making KBr pellets of the sample. At

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

• over the antibiotic’s (acceptor) UV–visible spectrum. Moreover, the estimated average fluorescence lifetimes before and after the addition of tetracycline were 1.39 and 1.36 ns, respectively, and remained virtually constant. This finding strongly shows that fluorescence quenching is caused by an

Titania nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of ethanol under simulated solar light

• Evghenii Goncearenco,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Florian Dumitrache,
• Elena Dutu,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Valentin Serban Teodorescu,
• Alexandra Sandulescu,
• Crina Anastasescu and
• Ioan Balint

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 616–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.51

• inexpensive material. More than that, these tests used solar light, which is a regenerable energy source. The investigated TiO2-based catalysts lead to ethanol photomineralization under simulated solar light, indicating an efficient use of UV light from the solar spectrum, but also the presence of optically

• lamp at λexc = 260 nm. All samples have been irradiated at room temperature and under the same conditions. Diffuse reflectance UV–vis measurements were performed by using a spectrophotometer Perkin Elmer Lambda 35 with an integrating sphere in the 200–1100 nm range. The measured reflectance data were

SERS performance of GaN/Ag substrates fabricated by Ag coating of GaN platforms

• Magdalena A. Zając,
• Bogusław Budner,
• Malwina Liszewska,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Łukasz Gutowski,
• Jan L. Weyher and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 552–564, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.46

• substrates were examined regarding their optical properties using UV–vis spectroscopy and regarding their morphology using scanning electron microscopy. SERS properties of the fabricated GaN/Ag substrates were evaluated by measuring SERS spectra of 4-mercaptobenzoic acid molecules adsorbed on them. For all

• morphology of fabricated Ag layers examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Then, we present the results of their optical properties determined using UV–vis spectroscopy. Finally, we compare the SERS performance of the GaN/Ag substrates toward 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (pMBA) molecules adsorbed on them

• morphology of the GaN/Ag substrates, especially at temperatures of 100 °C and above. Instead of spiky Ag nanostructures, nanostructures with irregular, but more rounded, shapes are obtained. The optical properties of the GaN/Ag substrates, determined by UV–vis spectroscopy, are affected by their morphology

Nanoarchitectonics to entrap living cells in silica-based systems: encapsulations with yolk–shell and sepiolite nanomaterials

• Celia Martín-Morales,
• Jorge Fernández-Méndez,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 522–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.43

• was re-suspended by shaking the tube or by slowly pipetting up and down with a wide-open pipette tip. Then, 1000 µL aliquot from the re-suspended cells was used to measure the absorbance at 720 nm (OD720) using a UV–vis spectrophotometer. The OD720 should be 1.3 or in the range of 1.5–1.7 for

• bright-field mode were recorded. UV–vis spectroscopic measurements were conducted on a Shimadzu UV-1201 UV–vis spectrophotometer. Macroscopic view of prepared biohybrid materials. (A–C) Sepiolite–biopolymer nanocomposites entrapping cyanobacteria (Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942) in diverse

On the use of Raman spectroscopy to characterize mass-produced graphene nanoplatelets

• Keith R. Paton,
• Konstantinos Despotelis,
• Naresh Kumar,
• Piers Turner and
• Andrew J. Pollard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 509–521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.42

• and subsequently sonicated in a bath sonicator for 5 min to re-disperse the sediment. This sample is referred to as “GNPref”. The concentration of GNPref was measured using UV–vis extinction spectroscopy (Perkin-Elmer 850, PerkinElmer, UK), using a cuvette with 10 mm path length. Measuring the

• . The concentration of the resulting dispersion was measured using UV–vis spectroscopy, as described above. The dispersion was then added to the GNPref sample to produce 13 mixed GNP/sediment samples with sediment concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, 35, 50, 65, 75, and 90 wt %. Each mixed dispersion

The origin of black and white coloration of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)

• Manuela Rebora,
• Gianandrea Salerno,
• Silvana Piersanti,
• Alexander Kovalev and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 496–508, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.41

• in the near-infrared spectral range (>900 nm) is about 2.5 times stronger than the WS1 reflection (!) and up to five times stronger (at 45° detection) than in the UV spectral range (<300 nm) (Figure 6). Pronounced specular reflection (at 45° detection) could be seen at proximal and distal

• weakest at perpendicular illumination. In UV spectral range, the light scattering has no specific trends (corresponding to, e.g., Rayleigh scattering), though absorption by molecules with aromatic groups might modulate the reflection. There are no pigments in the white scales (Figure 5d), so interference

• on the single scales structure is responsible for the reduced visible and UV (compared to near-IR) reflection. Sputter coating with Au/Pd (10 nm thickness) of the tarsal scales of Ae. albopictus (Figure 7) almost eliminates the visual difference between white and black scales. Since the scale surface

Mixed oxides with corundum-type structure obtained from recycling can seals as paint pigments: color stability

• Dienifer F. L. Horsth,
• Julia de O. Primo,
• Nayara Balaba,
• Fauze J. Anaissi and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 467–477, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.37

• characteristic Fe3+ satellites at higher binding energies (shifted by ca. 9 eV from Fe 2p3/2) [27], similar to that reported in [28]. Electronic spectroscopy In the UV–vis absorption spectrum of sample 1 (Figure 5a), the prominent band with a maximum centered at 588 nm can be attributed to the 4A2→4T2 transition

• sample 2. The spectra confirm the oxidation state 3+ in all samples (Al3+, Cr3+, and Fe3+). UV–vis absorption spectra of (a) sample 1 and (b) sample 2, both confirming the oxidation state 3+ of the coloring ions. Distribution of samples according to the hue value (h*): alumina (87.20), sample 1 (80.65

Conjugated photothermal materials and structure design for solar steam generation

• Chia-Yang Lin and
• Tsuyoshi Michinobu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 454–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.36

• AM1.5 standard is used in solar cell engineering with a fraction of 3% in the ultraviolet (UV) region (300–400 nm), of 45% in the visible region (400–700 nm), and of 52% in the near-infrared (NIR) and infrared region (700–2500 nm). This suggests that PTMs need to have a high absorption at wavelengths

• produced the homogeneous formation of the APDA layer on the wood surface. The APDA-coated wood sample efficiently absorbed UV–visible light to more than 96%. In addition, the NIR absorption efficiency was also improved to more than 87% (Figure 8c). SSG structure In order to obtain a high vaporization

• spectrum and UV–vis–NIR absorption spectra of the hydrogels. (Figure 7 was adapted with permission from [35], Copyright 2018 American Chemical Society). (a) Schematic illustration of the synthetic route to APDA. (b) UV–vis–NIR absorption spectra of APDA and PDA. (c) Absorption spectrum of the APDA–wood

Molecular nanoarchitectonics: unification of nanotechnology and molecular/materials science

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 434–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.35

• molecules by UV light irradiation. In the process, a cycloaddition reaction occurred between one nearby C60 molecule adsorbed on the surface and the most frontal part of the polydiacetylene molecular skeleton. As a result, nanojunctions were created. Scanning tunneling microscopy proved that the C60

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

• resonances in the UV–vis–IR part of the electromagnetic spectrum are especially researched on for PT applications [13], with excellent reviews on materials for mid-IR applications [14], cancer treatment [15], antibacterial research [16], solar-driven vapour evaporation [16], solar collectors [11][17][18

• incident radiation from the sun, 8% UV, 42.4% visible light, and 49.6% infrared radiation reach the earth's surface. Applications such as steam generation from solar power can evidently benefit from the use of materials that can absorb as much as possible of the entire spectrum of solar radiation. In this

• , specifically in the UV–vis range (as infrared is already applied for heating), efficient of conversion of the absorbed energy into heat (in contrast to scattering), chemical and physical stability of the nanoparticles (e.g., against agglomeration), ease of synthesis, and low cost. Coinage metals, such as Au