Selective detection of complex gas mixtures using point contacts: concept, method and tools

• Alexander P. Pospelov,
• Victor I. Belan,
• Dmytro O. Harbuz,
• Volodymyr L. Vakula,
• Lyudmila V. Kamarchuk,
• Yuliya V. Volkova and
• Gennadii V. Kamarchuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1631–1643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.146

• the concentrations of serotonin and cortisol in the body of each patient. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed methodology allows one to get an effective calibration function for a non-invasive analysis of the level of serotonin and cortisol in the human body using the point-contact

• voltage on the concentration of a specific target substance. The dependence of the response voltage, for a period of maximum correlation with the analyte concentration, in a studied patient group allows us to obtain a linear regression equation. This equation can serve as a characteristic calibration

• straight line through the obtained points using the least-squares method: This is a characteristic calibration line for estimating the serotonin concentration using the sensor method based on the breath test. Statistical analysis showed that the standard deviation of the medical analysis data from the

High-responsivity hybrid α-Ag₂S/Si photodetector prepared by pulsed laser ablation in liquid

• Raid A. Ismail,
• Hanan A. Rawdhan and
• Duha S. Ahmed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.142

• spectral region of 350–900 nm. The power calibration was performed using accurate silicon power meter (Sanwa). Results and Discussion The formation of Ag2S NPs can be described as follows: When the high intensity of the laser beam irradiates the silver target, the absorbed energy results in lattice

Helium ion microscope – secondary ion mass spectrometry for geological materials

• Matthew R. Ball,
• Richard J. M. Taylor,
• Joshua F. Einsle,
• Fouzia Khanom,
• Christelle Guillermier and
• Richard J. Harrison

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1504–1515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.133

• (here we ended with a 0.25 µm polish). However, even after minimising the effect of relief, samples should be analysed away from the sample edge in order to obtain quantitative data. Quantification Concentration calibration Quantification of concentrations using SIMS data is typically performed using

• measurement conditions, which are accounted for in a “true” relative sensitivity factor approach by the secondary ion current of a matrix element, Im, as shown in Equation 2: Both of these methods rely on calibration to a known standard and using standards on the HIM–SIMS comes with many of the same

• example, commonly form micrometre-scale nuggets [18][19]. Isotopic calibration Isotopic quantification also relies on the use of matrix-matched standards that are homogeneous on the nanometre length scale. Measured isotopic variations are typically expressed in delta notation. An example calculation for

A wideband cryogenic microwave low-noise amplifier

• Boris I. Ivanov,
• Dmitri I. Volkhin,
• Ilya L. Novikov,
• Dmitri K. Pitsun,
• Dmitri O. Moskalev,
• Ilya A. Rodionov,
• Evgeni Il’ichev and
• Aleksey G. Vostretsov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1484–1491, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.131

• a 0201 package (OSt.: open stub lines). The other passive components do not affect to the signal matching and are used for filtering of the bias lines. Realization of the cryogenic LNA. Noise and gain measurement setup. (a) Calibration lines (left-hand side sketch) and gain measurement setup (right

Cryogenic low-noise amplifiers for measurements with superconducting detectors

• Ilya L. Novikov,
• Boris I. Ivanov,
• Dmitri V. Ponomarev and
• Aleksey G. Vostretsov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1316–1320, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.115

• -precision calibration of superconductor technology and for finding new noise sources in Josephson junctions, which lead to high decoherence in superconducting systems [2][3]. The most important part in a measurement readout is a low-noise amplifier. The modern low-temperature low-noise cryogenic amplifiers

Growth of a self-assembled monolayer decoupled from the substrate: nucleation on-command using buffer layers

• Robby Reynaerts,
• Kunal S. Mali and
• Steven De Feyter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1291–1302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.113

• Probe Image Processor (SPIP) software (Image Metrology ApS), using the recorded graphite images for calibration purposes, allowing a more accurate unit cell determination. The unit cell parameters were determined by examining at least 4 images and only the average values are reported. The images are

Ultrasensitive detection of cadmium ions using a microcantilever-based piezoresistive sensor for groundwater

• Dinesh Rotake,
• Anand Darji and
• Nitin Kale

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1242–1253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.108

• capture Cd(II) at the picomolar level and the verification of the experimental results using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Fabrication and Calibration of the Piezoresistive Device Previously, a polysilicon-based piezoresistive sensor was fabricated using a standard microfabrication process

Thermophoretic tweezers for single nanoparticle manipulation

• Jošt Stergar and
• Natan Osterman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1126–1133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.97

• trapping potential was characterized using the standard procedure for optical tweezers calibration [33]: from the recorded trajectory of the particle positions, the probability density ρ(x) distribution was obtained. Although the discussed process is a non-equilibrium process one can still define the

A few-layer graphene/chlorin e6 hybrid nanomaterial and its application in photodynamic therapy against Candida albicans

• Selene Acosta,
• Carlos Moreno-Aguilar,
• Dania Hernández-Sánchez,
• Beatriz Morales-Cruzado,
• Erick Sarmiento-Gomez,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Luis Octavio Sánchez-Vargas and
• Mildred Quintana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1054–1061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.90

• concentration of Ce6 in the FLG-Ce6 hybrid was calculated using UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. Ce6 presents an intense absorption band at 407 nm, corresponding to the Soret band. A Ce6 calibration curve at this wavelength is then produced. Then, in order to obtain a correct approximation of the real

• concentration of Ce6 in FLG-Ce6, the absorption of FLG at 407 nm, under the same experimental conditions, is subtracted from the absorption obtained from the solution of FLG-Ce6 and finally matched with the calibration curve of Ce6. Figure 1a shows transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of FLG-Ce6

Gas-sensing features of nanostructured tellurium thin films

• Dumitru Tsiulyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1010–1018, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.85

• , without any cooling or heating of the latter. To grow films with a nanocrystalline structure, a growth rate of about 10 nm/s was used whereas, for amorphous thin films, the growth rate was increased to 30 nm/s. The deposition rate was increased by raising the temperature of the evaporator. The calibration

Microwave photon detection by an Al Josephson junction

• Leonid S. Revin,
• Andrey L. Pankratov,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Anton A. Yablokov,
• Igor V. Rakut,
• Victor O. Zbrozhek and
• Leonid S. Kuzmin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 960–965, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.80

• of an additional insecure parameter. The experiments will be continued with better statistics and signal calibration to extract the number of detected photons. We expect that the sensitivity of the considered threshold detector will be decreased in comparison with the situation without phase

Extracting viscoelastic material parameters using an atomic force microscope and static force spectroscopy

• Cameron H. Parvini,
• M. A. S. R. Saadi and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 922–937, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.77

• occurs (tmax(z), marked as t2 in Figure 2a) are removed from the dataset. The resulting curve is illustrated in Figure 2b. Due to a number of possible factors, e.g., calibration and noise, the deflection in the region t0 to t1 can be non-zero despite the probe not being in contact with the surface. To

Three-dimensional solvation structure of ethanol on carbonate minerals

• Hagen Söngen,
• Ygor Morais Jaques,
• Peter Spijker,
• Christoph Marutschke,
• Stefanie Klassen,
• Ilka Hermes,
• Ralf Bechstein,
• Lidija Zivanovic,
• John Tracey,
• Adam S. Foster and
• Angelika Kühnle

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 891–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.74

• requires a precise calibration of the z-piezo movement, which is lacking for the presented data set. However, the comparison with previous images containing step edges allows determination of the vertical layer-to-layer distances that are in the order of 0.5 nm. This experimentally obtained layer-to-layer

Adsorption behavior of tin phthalocyanine onto the (110) face of rutile TiO₂

• Lukasz Bodek,
• Mads Engelund,
• Aleksandra Cebrat and
• Bartosz Such

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 821–828, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.67

• Kα) combined with a Scienta EAC2200 Nanosam 570 analyzer. Ti 2p peaks were used for global calibration of the XPS spectra. A Shirley function was used for background correction during XPS data analysis. Calculations were performed by employing density-functional theory (DFT) using the SIESTA code [15

Quantitative determination of the interaction potential between two surfaces using frequency-modulated atomic force microscopy

• Nicholas Chan,
• Carrie Lin,
• Tevis Jacobs,
• Robert W. Carpick and
• Philip Egberts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 729–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.60

• ± 1 nm (the error resulting from the calibration of the oscillation amplitude, which is primarily impacted by the uncertainty in the cantilever dimensions, rather than a variance in the amplitude over the course of the measurement). Other cantilevers used in this study were calibrated similarly where

Comparison of fresh and aged lithium iron phosphate cathodes using a tailored electrochemical strain microscopy technique

• Matthias Simolka,
• Hanno Kaess and
• Kaspar Andreas Friedrich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 583–596, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.46

• , are used (HA_FM/W2C+). Tip calibration was performed by the thermal tuning of the AFM with the adaption of the deflection sensitivity. The measurements have a pixel density of 256 × 100 measurement points, which means that the pixels have a rectangular shape in the direction of the scan direction

Preparation and in vivo evaluation of glyco-gold nanoparticles carrying synthetic mycobacterial hexaarabinofuranoside

• Gennady L. Burygin,
• Polina I. Abronina,
• Nikita M. Podvalnyy,
• Sergey A. Staroverov,
• Leonid O. Kononov and
• Lev A. Dykman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 480–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.39

• contents. The solution was allowed to cool by incubation at room temperature for 15 min. Absorbance was measured in 1 cm quartz cuvettes on a Specord 250 spectrophotometer (Analytik, Jena, Germany) at 490 nm using solutions of the parent glycoside 1 for calibration. The calculation also took into

Electrochemically derived functionalized graphene for bulk production of hydrogen peroxide

• Munaiah Yeddala,
• Pallavi Thakur,
• Anugraha A and
• Tharangattu N. Narayanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 432–442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.34

• H2O2. The H2O2 produced through ORR is also quantified using a Ce(SO4)2 solution assisted UV–visible absorbance based analysis, where the details and calibration are given in Supporting Information File 1. Figure 7a shows chronoamperograms of ORR on EEG-coated graphite papers at 0.358 V vs RHE in 0.1 M

• details of the calculation for the number of electrons transferred are given in Supporting Information File 1. The quantification of the H2O2 produced was carried out using a UV–vis spectrometer [37][61]. A calibration curve was made using 1 mM Ce(SO4)2 (25 mL) solution, 1% H2O2 solution (30% H2O2

The effect of heat treatment on the morphology and mobility of Au nanoparticles

• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Simon Vigonski,
• Boris Polyakov,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Vahur Zadin,
• Rünno Lõhmus and
• Karine Mougin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 61–67, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.6

• measure of the mobility of the NPs. The calibration of the cantilevers was performed by the thermal tuning method. The oscillation amplitudes ranged from 0.05 to 0.6 V with a sensitivity of 25 to 31 nm/V. The sensitivity was measured individually for each cantilever by means of damping the AFM tip against

Synthesis of amorphous and graphitized porous nitrogen-doped carbon spheres as oxygen reduction reaction catalysts

• Maximilian Wassner,
• Markus Eckardt,
• Andreas Reyer,
• Thomas Diemant,
• Michael S. Elsaesser,
• R. Jürgen Behm and
• Nicola Hüsing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1–15, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.1

• support to the C 1s signal of the carbon-containing catalyst film. The spectra showed minor charging effects, which were compensated by a neutralizer (low-energy electron flood gun). The C 1s peak was set to 284.8 eV for binding energy calibration [50]. Evaluation and deconvolution of the measured signals

The different ways to chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles: templated vs direct complexation. Influence of particle preparation on morphology, cell uptake and silencing efficiency

• Arianna Gennari,
• Julio M. Rios de la Rosa,
• Erwin Hohn,
• Maria Pelliccia,
• Enrique Lallana,
• Roberto Donno,
• Annalisa Tirella and
• Nicola Tirelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2594–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.250

• the end of each measurement, the capillary was rinsed with water for 1 min at 20 psi. Data acquisition and analysis were performed respectively with software packages 32 Karat (SCIEX) and OriginPro 8.5.1 (OriginLab Corporation, US). A calibration curve was obtained by injecting HA at known

• calibration curve from nanoparticle aqueous suspensions diluted in cell lysates (range 0.12–125 µg/mL). Measurements were obtained by using a Synergy2 Biotek plate reader (Ex 540/25, Em 620/40 nm), Gen5 software; top 50% optical position. Uptake results were normalized against the total protein content per

Fully amino acid-based hydrogel as potential scaffold for cell culturing and drug delivery

• Dávid Juriga,
• Evelin Sipos,
• Orsolya Hegedűs,
• Gábor Varga,
• Miklós Zrínyi,
• Krisztina S. Nagy and
• Angéla Jedlovszky-Hajdú

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2579–2593, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.249

• mL 0.1 M DTT (in physiological saline solution). The drug release was followed by a JASCO V-650 spectrophotometer at 274 nm with an optical fiber probe. The concentration of the released metoprolol was calculated using the calibration line (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1). The mass of the

Antimony deposition onto Au(111) and insertion of Mg

• Lingxing Zan,
• Da Xing,
• Abdelaziz Ali Abd-El-Latif and
• Helmut Baltruschat

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2541–2552, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.245

• b is shown in Figure 5d. To get accurate lattice parameters, the error induced by the thermal drift was eliminated by drift calibration and the Sb adlayer lattice vectors were corrected by using the calibration matrix from the known adlayer lattices of sulfate on Au(111), as outlined in detail by

Coating of upconversion nanoparticles with silica nanoshells of 5–250 nm thickness

• Cynthia Kembuan,
• Maysoon Saleh,
• Bastian Rühle,
• Ute Resch-Genger and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2410–2421, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.231

• carried out using an iCAP 6000 Series ICP Spectrometer from Thermo Scientific with a radial optical approach. A series of solutions with different concentrations were prepared separately for calibration from an yttrium standard for ICP (c(Y3+) = 10, 20 and 40 ppm), ytterbium standard for ICP (c(Yb3+) = 10

Multiwalled carbon nanotube based aromatic volatile organic compound sensor: sensitivity enhancement through 1-hexadecanethiol functionalisation

• Nadra Bohli,
• Meryem Belkilani,
• Juan Casanova-Chafer,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Adnane Abdelghani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2364–2373, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.227

• towards the adsorbed vapour molecules. This transfer results in a decrease of the majority carriers in the valence band of the decorated carbon nanotubes, and thus the decrease of the measured conductivity [33]. Sensor performance The calibration curves, expressing the normalized sensor resistance versus

• are summarized in Supporting Information File 1 (Figures S1 and S2). The associated calibration curves and compared sensitivities are presented in Figure 7 and Table 1, respectively. The sensitivity of the HDT sensors with aromatic solvents is larger in comparison with methanol and acetone. This can

• and (b) benzene. HDT/Au-MWCNT sensor responses for different concentrations of the injected vapours of (a) toluene and (b) benzene. Calibration curves for Au-MWCNT and HDT/Au-MWCNT sensors for (a) toluene and (b) benzene aromatic VOC detection. Calibration curves for the HDT/Au-MWCNT sensor for