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Search for "scales" in Full Text gives 374 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

Superconductor–insulator transition in capacitively coupled superconducting nanowires

  • Alex Latyshev,
  • Andrew G. Semenov and
  • Andrei D. Zaikin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1402–1408, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.124

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  • standard procedure [29] and proceeding to bigger and bigger scales Λ, we eventually arrive at the following RG equations for the QPS fugacities y1 and y2: where λ11 and λ22 are diagonal elements of the matrix (Equation 15). Note that here we restrict our RG analysis to the lowest order in y1,2 which is
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Published 14 Sep 2020

Analysis of catalyst surface wetting: the early stage of epitaxial germanium nanowire growth

  • Owen C. Ernst,
  • Felix Lange,
  • David Uebel,
  • Thomas Teubner and
  • Torsten Boeck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1371–1380, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.121

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  • calculations. Hamaker constants correspond to the susceptibility of particles to an electric field of very small length scales generated by the particles themselves [28]. For this reason, these constants are used to determine energy and force values in van der Waals interactions. A more detailed description of
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Published 09 Sep 2020

Atomic defect classification of the H–Si(100) surface through multi-mode scanning probe microscopy

  • Jeremiah Croshaw,
  • Thomas Dienel,
  • Taleana Huff and
  • Robert Wolkow

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1346–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.119

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  • , as indicated by the height scales in the constant current STM images in Figure 2k-1,2. In the constant height STM image of Figure 2k-3, it shows only a slight increase in conductivity localized to a single atomic site, suggesting that the Si atom on one side of the dimer is perhaps replaced by this
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Published 07 Sep 2020

An atomic force microscope integrated with a helium ion microscope for correlative nanoscale characterization

  • Santiago H. Andany,
  • Gregor Hlawacek,
  • Stefan Hummel,
  • Charlène Brillard,
  • Mustafa Kangül and
  • Georg E. Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1272–1279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.111

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  • - and time-scales. Conclusion We have demonstrated the integration of an atomic force microscope into a helium ion microscope. Correlative measurements of AFM topography with He ion imaging and modification demonstrate the feasibility of this integration. The complementarity of the two methods in terms
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Published 26 Aug 2020

Thermophoretic tweezers for single nanoparticle manipulation

  • Jošt Stergar and
  • Natan Osterman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1126–1133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.97

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  • Nobel prize in 2018, seem like a perfect tool for such manipulations. Still, since the gradient force scales with the volume of the trapped object, only particles larger than about a few hundred nanometers in diameter can be easily trapped and manipulated in practice. A contrast in the index of
  • easily compensated either by lowering the heating laser power (and consequently decreasing ∇T) or by increasing the feedback frequency, as the average distance the particle moves during one “kick” scales with ∝ST∇T/f. Figure 3c shows the dependence of the trap stiffness (calculated using Equation 1) on
  • different length scales. First, the fine position of the particle inside the microscope field-of-view (FOV) can be achieved by trapping the particle and then moving the desired trap center. Larger movement exceeding the FOV can be easily reached by translating the sample mount in the microscope while the
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Published 30 Jul 2020

Applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in drug and therapeutic delivery, and biotechnological advancements

  • Maria Suciu,
  • Corina M. Ionescu,
  • Alexandra Ciorita,
  • Septimiu C. Tripon,
  • Dragos Nica,
  • Hani Al-Salami and
  • Lucian Barbu-Tudoran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1092–1109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.94

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  • also proved that different cells respond to hyperthermia treatment at different time scales [142]. However, there are in vivo hyperthermia experiments that showed that the best size range for SPION is between 15 and 50 nm, and that cubic nanoparticles have the highest surface absorption rate [143]. The
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Published 27 Jul 2020

Wet-spinning of magneto-responsive helical chitosan microfibers

  • Dorothea Brüggemann,
  • Johanna Michel,
  • Naiana Suter,
  • Matheus Grande de Aguiar and
  • Michael Maas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 991–999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.83

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  • Bremen - City University of Applied Sciences, Neustadtswall 30, 28199 Bremen, Germany Advanced Ceramics, University of Bremen, Am Biologischen Garten 2, 28359 Bremen, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.11.83 Abstract Helical structures can be found in nature at various length scales ranging from the molecular level
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Published 07 Jul 2020

Extracting viscoelastic material parameters using an atomic force microscope and static force spectroscopy

  • Cameron H. Parvini,
  • M. A. S. R. Saadi and
  • Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 922–937, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.77

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  • due to a lack of resolution (for small time scales) or limitations on the experiment length (long time scales) these additional terms will introduce significant error in the parameters extracted. Furthermore if the parameter set obtained is extrapolated for new loading conditions, it will incorrectly
  • response of the material at short timescales; the second is the characteristic time (τn), which scales the third parameter, the characteristic compliance (Jn), such that it contracts on a specific timescale corresponding to the n-th branch of the generalized Voigt model. By inserting Equation 7 into
  • ; Fconv,wrap: Scales the output of subref by the time step dt, adds the glassy compliance term, and re-samples the result to logarithmic scaling. This is the function provided to lsqcurvefit(). Because lsqcurvefit() calculates the cost internally, it is not necessary to define a function for this purpose
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Published 16 Jun 2020

Measurement of electrostatic tip–sample interactions by time-domain Kelvin probe force microscopy

  • Christian Ritz,
  • Tino Wagner and
  • Andreas Stemmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 911–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.76

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  • effect is amplified when a significant change in the capacitance gradient is present. To reduce the impact of this component onto the height measurement, the modulation amplitude Uac must be minimized. Since the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) scales with Uac, this is only possible to a certain extent
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Published 15 Jun 2020

Light–matter interactions in two-dimensional layered WSe2 for gauging evolution of phonon dynamics

  • Avra S. Bandyopadhyay,
  • Chandan Biswas and
  • Anupama B. Kaul

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 782–797, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.63

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  • , calculated from the slope of the low-energy edge of the excitonic mode of the PL spectra. The theory of spectral line shape in the Raman spectrum predicts a Lorentzian distribution of a collected signal in a dispersive medium, where the full-width-half-maximum (FWHM) scales as 1/τ, and not surprisingly, τ is
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Published 12 May 2020

Quantitative determination of the interaction potential between two surfaces using frequency-modulated atomic force microscopy

  • Nicholas Chan,
  • Carrie Lin,
  • Tevis Jacobs,
  • Robert W. Carpick and
  • Philip Egberts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 729–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.60

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  • such issues. For example, the adsorption of self-assembled monolayers on contacting surfaces is one method by which the surface can be modified to reduce the detrimental impacts of adhesion, friction and wear [15][16][17]. The nanometer length scales over which these processes modify surface
  • pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) or a KBr crystal to negate the effects of varying scales of roughness, which [12] suggests should be a contributing factor. Qualitatively, there is a general mismatch in behavior when comparing the majority of experimental results with the LJ F(z) curves. In particular, the LJ F(z
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Published 06 May 2020

Comparison of fresh and aged lithium iron phosphate cathodes using a tailored electrochemical strain microscopy technique

  • Matthias Simolka,
  • Hanno Kaess and
  • Kaspar Andreas Friedrich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 583–596, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.46

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  • signal generation magnitude compared to the Vegard expansion or their time scales are much shorter than the relaxation times for ESM experiments (Maxwell relaxation times) [30][32]. Electrochemical side reactions may create surface features, which, however, are detectable by subsequent scans of the same
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Published 07 Apr 2020

Implementation of data-cube pump–probe KPFM on organic solar cells

  • Benjamin Grévin,
  • Olivier Bardagot and
  • Renaud Demadrille

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 323–337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.24

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  • –f) and the probe (a, b) signals (shown only for one given delay) are highlighted by half-transparent green and red rectangles, respectively. Note that the time (t) and delay (Δt) scales coincide since the delays are defined with respect to the time origin t = 0 s. However, each data point represents
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Published 12 Feb 2020

An advanced structural characterization of templated meso-macroporous carbon monoliths by small- and wide-angle scattering techniques

  • Felix M. Badaczewski,
  • Marc O. Loeh,
  • Torben Pfaff,
  • Dirk Wallacher,
  • Daniel Clemens and
  • Bernd M. Smarsly

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 310–322, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.23

Graphical Abstract
  • case g(r) corresponds to a pore size contribution. The representation r·g(r) is more appropriate to illustrate the dominating length scales, as the first moment of g(r) (Porod length, lp) is defined as The r·g(r) curves of the pitch-based sample indicate the filling of mesopores of diameters above ca
  • carbon materials. The disorder-induced D band arises from breathing vibrations of carbon rings and the G band resulting from carbon-chain vibrations prove the sp2-hybridized turbostratic microstructure. The G′ band is an overtone, where two phonons are involved. It scales with the number of layers in a
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Published 10 Feb 2020

Understanding nanoparticle flow with a new in vitro experimental and computational approach using hydrogel channels

  • Armel Boutchuen,
  • Dell Zimmerman,
  • Abdollah Arabshahi,
  • John Melnyczuk and
  • Soubantika Palchoudhury

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 296–309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.22

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  • different dimension scales of the NPs and the vascular network [18][19][20]. These simulations can essentially be categorized on the basis of details in the physics used to define and model the system [5]. Ab initio quantum mechanical simulations represent the highest level of detail, but are most
  • applicable for modeling smaller NP systems or optimizing less detailed simulations due to their increased complexity and computational cost [17]. The coarse grained molecular dynamics simulations can characterize larger systems over time scales greater than 1 ms [21]. These slightly coarser models simulate a
  • interactions of molecules and atoms for a specific time scale. Beyond coarse grained models and molecular modeling, dissipative particle dynamics have been used to simulate the hydrodynamic properties of NPs over larger length scales [22][23]. However, even the dissipative particle dynamics models are limited
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Published 06 Feb 2020

Anomalous current–voltage characteristics of SFIFS Josephson junctions with weak ferromagnetic interlayers

  • Tairzhan Karabassov,
  • Anastasia V. Guravova,
  • Aleksei Yu. Kuzin,
  • Elena A. Kazakova,
  • Shiro Kawabata,
  • Boris G. Lvov and
  • Andrey S. Vasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 252–262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.19

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  • damped oscillatory behavior in a ferromagnetic metal. Hence, since the oscillations are spatially dependent, it is possible to realize a transition from “0” to “π” phase states in S/F/S structures upon changing the F layer thickness [1]. The proximity effect is characterized by the two length scales of
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Published 23 Jan 2020

Nonclassical dynamic modeling of nano/microparticles during nanomanipulation processes

  • Moharam Habibnejad Korayem,
  • Ali Asghar Farid and
  • Rouzbeh Nouhi Hefzabad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 147–166, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.13

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  • scale parameters in governing equations to capture the size effects in nanometer and micrometer scales. The nonclassical theory of modified couple stress employed in this paper includes one material length scale parameter (l) that contributes to the beam model established based on this nonclassical
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Published 13 Jan 2020

Molecular architectonics of DNA for functional nanoarchitectures

  • Debasis Ghosh,
  • Lakshmi P. Datta and
  • Thimmaiah Govindaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 124–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.11

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  • , while relinquishing the use of traditional silicon-based materials also played a key role. Biomolecular nanolithography is a newer approach to create nanopatterned surfaces using biomolecules as scaffolds [101][102]. The interesting features of this technique are the combination of two separate scales
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Published 09 Jan 2020

Nanosecond resistive switching in Ag/AgI/PtIr nanojunctions

  • Botond Sánta,
  • Dániel Molnár,
  • Patrick Haiber,
  • Agnes Gubicza,
  • Edit Szilágyi,
  • Zsolt Zolnai,
  • András Halbritter and
  • Miklós Csontos

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 92–100, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.9

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  • emergence of such multiple, coexisting physical time scales is a fundamental ingredient to non-volatile data processing. By utilizing the custom-designed pulsed microwave setup also described in this paper in detail, nanosecond-scale switching times were verified. We emphasize that by the simultaneous
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Published 08 Jan 2020

A review of demodulation techniques for multifrequency atomic force microscopy

  • David M. Harcombe,
  • Michael G. Ruppert and
  • Andrew J. Fleming

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 76–91, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.8

Graphical Abstract
  • inherently greater demodulation challenges. Strong OMR is required as higher harmonics are separated by nf0, much closer than the approx. 6f0 second eigenmode spacing [61]. In addition, harmonic content from tip–sample interactions scales with approx. 1/n2[13]. Therefore, the signals of interest are detected
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Published 07 Jan 2020

An investigation on the drag reduction performance of bioinspired pipeline surfaces with transverse microgrooves

  • Weili Liu,
  • Hongjian Ni,
  • Peng Wang and
  • Yi Zhou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 24–40, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.3

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  • [35] mimicked fish scales to fabricate a bionic surface through coating technology and obtained a remarkable drag reduction performance in a water tunnel experiment. Feng and co-workers [13] mimicked bird feathers to fabricate a bionic surface with transverse grooves through hot-rolling technology and
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Published 03 Jan 2020

Label-free highly sensitive probe detection with novel hierarchical SERS substrates fabricated by nanoindentation and chemical reaction methods

  • Jingran Zhang,
  • Tianqi Jia,
  • Yongda Yan,
  • Li Wang,
  • Peng Miao,
  • Yimin Han,
  • Xinming Zhang,
  • Guangfeng Shi,
  • Yanquan Geng,
  • Zhankun Weng,
  • Daniel Laipple and
  • Zuobin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2483–2496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.239

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  • form a structure similar to fish scales with fx = 5 μm and fy = 1 μm. Additionally, the inside of the cavities and the surface of the sample are smooth. However, the surface of the sample, the inside of the cavities, and pile-ups of material are roughened when using HCl and AgNO3 solutions. Ag
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Published 13 Dec 2019

Air oxidation of sulfur mustard gas simulants using a pyrene-based metal–organic framework photocatalyst

  • Ghada Ayoub,
  • Mihails Arhangelskis,
  • Xuan Zhang,
  • Florencia Son,
  • Timur Islamoglu,
  • Tomislav Friščić and
  • Omar K. Farha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2422–2427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.232

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  • ) hydrolysis [8][9], 2) oxidation, and 3) dehydrohalogenation [10][11][12] (Scheme 1). The hydrolysis route is limited to small scales because of the hydrophobicity of sulfur mustard gas. The mechanism of degradation by dehydrohalogenation mechanism is still poorly understood and not efficient enough for real
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Published 09 Dec 2019

Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond for nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging applications

  • Alberto Boretti,
  • Lorenzo Rosa,
  • Jonathan Blackledge and
  • Stefania Castelletto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2128–2151, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.207

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Published 04 Nov 2019

The importance of design in nanoarchitectonics: multifractality in MACE silicon nanowires

  • Stefania Carapezzi and
  • Anna Cavallini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2094–2102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.204

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  • self-assembly. Then, we have studied the surfaces of the nanoarchitectures by means of multifractal analysis. We have found that these systems are not simple monofractals, but that the more complex paradigm of multifractality (different fractal dimensions across different scales) has to be applied to
  • nanosized dimensions of the basic units. Because the spatial layout is self-driven in contrast to a hetero-directed placement, asymmetric interaction potentials and entropic forces can lead to different aggregation schemes from place to place and across the scales of the generated structures. The control
  • from aggregative processes, which are omnipresent in nature, have been characterized by their fractal dimension [21][22][23] that contains information about their geometrical structure at multiple scales. However, sometimes the richness of the organization of shape is such that it is impossible to
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Published 31 Oct 2019
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