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Search for "ultrahigh vacuum" in Full Text gives 170 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology.

Investigation of CVD graphene as-grown on Cu foil using simultaneous scanning tunneling/atomic force microscopy

  • Majid Fazeli Jadidi,
  • Umut Kamber,
  • Oğuzhan Gürlü and
  • H. Özgür Özer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2953–2959, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.274

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  • ]. Experimental Our setup is a commercial STM/AFM operated in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) that was modified and improved by the implementation of a Fabry–Pérot fiber interferometer in order to achieve high sensitivity in detecting lever deflection and measuring the oscillation amplitude, which in turn allows us to
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Published 28 Nov 2018

In situ characterization of nanoscale contaminations adsorbed in air using atomic force microscopy

  • Jesús S. Lacasa,
  • Lisa Almonte and
  • Jaime Colchero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2925–2935, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.271

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  • involving surfaces a well-defined surface condition is essential. Preparing such surfaces has thus been a field of intense research over many decades. One approach is to work under ultrahigh-vacuum (UHV) conditions, which has opened fascinating experimental possibilities [5]. More importantly, well-defined
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Published 23 Nov 2018

Low cost tips for tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy fabricated by two-step electrochemical etching of 125 µm diameter gold wires

  • Antonino Foti,
  • Francesco Barreca,
  • Enza Fazio,
  • Cristiano D’Andrea,
  • Paolo Matteini,
  • Onofrio Maria Maragò and
  • Pietro Giuseppe Gucciardi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2718–2729, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.254

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  • ] and shear-force microscopy (ShFM) [15] allow for chemical imaging of nanostructured materials, surfaces and (bio)molecular layers with a spatial resolution of 4–10 nm in ambient conditions [15][16], and can even reach atomic-level sensitivity in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) [17][18][19]. Excellent reviews
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Published 22 Oct 2018

Silicene, germanene and other group IV 2D materials

  • Patrick Vogt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2665–2667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.248

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  • concepts exploiting their topological properties. In recent years this search has lead to the discovery of other members of this family of 2D materials based on other group IV elements. In 2012 silicene was first synthesized under ultrahigh vacuum conditions on a silver(111) single crystal by Si molecular
  • beam epitaxy (MBE) [1][2] and at around the same time on zirconium diboride thin films grown on Si(111) substrates by Si segregation through the film [3]. The synthesis of silicene further launched an intensive search for other 2D elemental materials synthesized under ultrahigh vacuum by MBE-like
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Published 10 Oct 2018

Intrinsic ultrasmall nanoscale silicon turns n-/p-type with SiO2/Si3N4-coating

  • Dirk König,
  • Daniel Hiller,
  • Noël Wilck,
  • Birger Berghoff,
  • Merlin Müller,
  • Sangeeta Thakur,
  • Giovanni Di Santo,
  • Luca Petaccia,
  • Joachim Mayer,
  • Sean Smith and
  • Joachim Knoch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2255–2264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.210

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  • swiftly loaded into the ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) annealing chamber. All NWell samples were contacted via a lateral metal contact frame on the front surface which was processed by photolithographical structuring, wet-chemical mesa etching and thermal evaporation of Al. The reference Si-wafer was contacted
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Published 23 Aug 2018

Localized photodeposition of catalysts using nanophotonic resonances in silicon photocathodes

  • Evgenia Kontoleta,
  • Sven H. C. Askes,
  • Lai-Hung Lai and
  • Erik C. Garnett

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2097–2105, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.198

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  • electrolyte. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) was performed in a custom-built ultrahigh-vacuum chamber, operating at a base pressure below 5 × 10−9 mbar. A XM1200 monochromatic X-ray source (Al Kα line, Scienta Omicron) was used for X-ray excitation of the sample
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Published 03 Aug 2018

Recent highlights in nanoscale and mesoscale friction

  • Andrea Vanossi,
  • Dirk Dietzel,
  • Andre Schirmeisen,
  • Ernst Meyer,
  • Rémy Pawlak,
  • Thilo Glatzel,
  • Marcin Kisiel,
  • Shigeki Kawai and
  • Nicola Manini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1995–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.190

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  • important prerequisite of these experiments is to operate the instrument under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions, where contaminants can be avoided. In the case of Kawai et al. [58], the GNRs were grown by on-surface chemistry through evaporating a precursor of 10,10’-dibromo-9,9’-bianthryl monomers. By suitable
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Published 16 Jul 2018

Quantitative comparison of wideband low-latency phase-locked loop circuit designs for high-speed frequency modulation atomic force microscopy

  • Kazuki Miyata and
  • Takeshi Fukuma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1844–1855, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.176

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  • [1]. It has been used under ultrahigh vacuum conditions for high-resolution imaging of various materials, including metals, semiconductors, metal oxides, and organic molecules [2][3][4][5]. Furthermore, recent advances in FM-AFM have enabled atom manipulation and identification at room temperature [6
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Published 21 Jun 2018

Know your full potential: Quantitative Kelvin probe force microscopy on nanoscale electrical devices

  • Amelie Axt,
  • Ilka M. Hermes,
  • Victor W. Bergmann,
  • Niklas Tausendpfund and
  • Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1809–1819, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.172

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  • capacitance. Thus, FM detection is more sensitive to the electrostatic interaction of the tip apex with the sample surface [20]. Originally, the peroiodic oscillations in Δf were directly detected by means of a phased-locked loop in non-contact AFM under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. An elegant way of
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Published 15 Jun 2018

Multimodal noncontact atomic force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy investigations of organolead tribromide perovskite single crystals

  • Yann Almadori,
  • David Moerman,
  • Jaume Llacer Martinez,
  • Philippe Leclère and
  • Benjamin Grévin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1695–1704, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.161

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  • inverse temperature solubility. The single crystal investigated under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) was fixed on a stainless steel sample UVH holder with a compatible electrically conductive silver epoxy paste (EPO-TEK E4110), which was cured at room temperature (RT) over 24 hours. The sample was subsequently
  • cleaved with a scalpel just before being introduced in the load-lock of the VT-AFM (after cleavage, the sample thickness was estimated to be on the order of 1 mm). Noncontact AFM and Kelvin probe force microscopy The nc-AFM experiments were carried out with an Omicron VT-AFM setup in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV
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Published 07 Jun 2018

Friction force microscopy of tribochemistry and interfacial ageing for the SiOx/Si/Au system

  • Christiane Petzold,
  • Marcus Koch and
  • Roland Bennewitz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1647–1658, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.157

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  • ultrahigh vacuum. We measured very low friction forces compared to adhesion forces and found a modulation of lateral forces reflecting the atomic structure of the surfaces. Holding the force-microscopy tip stationary for some time did not lead to an increase in static friction, i.e., no contact ageing was
  • minutes) [5], while contact ageing between chemically reactive surfaces may occur very fast (nanoseconds to milliseconds) [14]. Here, we report FFM experiments in ultrahigh vacuum that address contact ageing and atomic-scale friction for contacts formed by Si, SiOx, and Au. We found that no contact ageing
  • layers, in particular oxide films, from surface and tip. The control of surface oxidation required the implementation of all experiments in ultrahigh vacuum. We report on tribochemical processes between Si, SiOx, and Au, which were initiated by removal of the passivating layers. Experimental Tip and
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Published 05 Jun 2018

Atomistic modeling of tribological properties of Pd and Al nanoparticles on a graphene surface

  • Alexei Khomenko,
  • Miroslav Zakharov,
  • Denis Boyko and
  • Bo N. J. Persson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1239–1246, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.115

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  • ][14]. There are many studies concerning the tribological properties of nanoobjects. For example, alumina nanoparticles were studied in [9] and self-organized monolayers in [4]. In [5] the authors studied the interaction in ultrahigh vacuum between a nanoasperity and an alkali-metal halide surface at
  • surfaces in ultrahigh vacuum [5]. The temperature dependence of the friction shown in Figure 8 can be understood as follows [20][21][22][23]: At high temperatures the friction decreases with increasing temperature due to thermal fluctuations, which help to move the particles over the energy barriers they
  • , which is similar to that of hexadecanethiol self-assembled monolayers on Au substrates [4] and NaCl crystal surfaces in ultrahigh vacuum [5]. We found that the friction force, i.e., the force acting on the particles from the substrate, depends nearly linearly on the contact area consistent with [13][14
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Published 19 Apr 2018

Field-controlled ultrafast magnetization dynamics in two-dimensional nanoscale ferromagnetic antidot arrays

  • Anulekha De,
  • Sucheta Mondal,
  • Sourav Sahoo,
  • Saswati Barman,
  • Yoshichika Otani,
  • Rajib Kumar Mitra and
  • Anjan Barman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1123–1134, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.104

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  • -thick protective layer of Al2O3 was deposited on top of the Py film in an ultrahigh vacuum chamber at a base pressure of 2 × 10−8 Torr. The Al2O3 capping layer was deposited on the Py film to protect the samples from external contamination of the environment, degradation with time, and also from direct
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Published 09 Apr 2018

Electron interactions with the heteronuclear carbonyl precursor H2FeRu3(CO)13 and comparison with HFeCo3(CO)12: from fundamental gas phase and surface science studies to focused electron beam induced deposition

  • Ragesh Kumar T P,
  • Paul Weirich,
  • Lukas Hrachowina,
  • Marc Hanefeld,
  • Ragnar Bjornsson,
  • Helgi Rafn Hrodmarsson,
  • Sven Barth,
  • D. Howard Fairbrother,
  • Michael Huth and
  • Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 555–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.53

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  • carbonyl complex H2FeRu3(CO)13 covering its low energy electron induced fragmentation in the gas phase through dissociative electron attachment (DEA) and dissociative ionization (DI), its decomposition when adsorbed on a surface under controlled ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions and exposed to irradiation
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Published 14 Feb 2018

Dopant-stimulated growth of GaN nanotube-like nanostructures on Si(111) by molecular beam epitaxy

  • Alexey D. Bolshakov,
  • Alexey M. Mozharov,
  • Georgiy A. Sapunov,
  • Igor V. Shtrom,
  • Nickolay V. Sibirev,
  • Vladimir V. Fedorov,
  • Evgeniy V. Ubyivovk,
  • Maria Tchernycheva,
  • George E. Cirlin and
  • Ivan S. Mukhin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 146–154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.17

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  • Discussion Growth technique In our experiments, we used p-type Si(111) substrates that were treated with the Shiraki cleaning procedure prior to loading into the MBE chamber, where each substrate was annealed in ultrahigh vacuum. The annealing temperature varied from sample to sample in the range of 850 to
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Published 15 Jan 2018

Electron-driven and thermal chemistry during water-assisted purification of platinum nanomaterials generated by electron beam induced deposition

  • Ziyan Warneke,
  • Markus Rohdenburg,
  • Jonas Warneke,
  • Janina Kopyra and
  • Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 77–90, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.10

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  • (methylcyclopentadienyl)platinum(IV) (MeCpPtMe3). The experiments performed under ultrahigh vacuum conditions apply a combination of different desorption experiments coupled with mass spectrometry to analyse reaction products. Electron-stimulated desorption monitors species that leave the surface during electron exposure
  • FEBID from MeCpPtMe3. Experimental All experiments were performed in an ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) chamber [39] with a base pressure of about 10−10 mbar. In all experiments, multilayer films of MeCpPtMe3 were condensed on a polycrystalline Ta sheet held between 105 K and 110 K by liquid N2 cooling. The
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Published 08 Jan 2018

Patterning of supported gold monolayers via chemical lift-off lithography

  • Liane S. Slaughter,
  • Kevin M. Cheung,
  • Sami Kaappa,
  • Huan H. Cao,
  • Qing Yang,
  • Thomas D. Young,
  • Andrew C. Serino,
  • Sami Malola,
  • Jana M. Olson,
  • Stephan Link,
  • Hannu Häkkinen,
  • Anne M. Andrews and
  • Paul S. Weiss

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2648–2661, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.265

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  • ., Chestnut Ridge, NY, USA) under ultrahigh vacuum conditions (10−9 torr) using a monochromatic Al Kα X-ray source (20 mA, 14 kV) with a 200 μm diameter circular spot size. The pass energy was 80 mV for the survey spectra and 20 mV for high-resolution spectra of the C 1s, S 2p, O 1s, and Au 4f regions. All
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Published 08 Dec 2017

Direct writing of gold nanostructures with an electron beam: On the way to pure nanostructures by combining optimized deposition with oxygen-plasma treatment

  • Domagoj Belić,
  • Mostafa M. Shawrav,
  • Emmerich Bertagnolli and
  • Heinz D. Wanzenboeck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2530–2543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.253

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  • the deposition parameters, making use of conventional equipment and a standard precursor. The ultrahigh vacuum/surface science approach to studying the effect of electron beam irradiation on nanometer thin films of a common Me2-Au-acac precursor from Wnuk et al. [69][70] represents a valuable starting
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Published 29 Nov 2017

Au nanostructure fabrication by pulsed laser deposition in open air: Influence of the deposition geometry

  • Rumen G. Nikov,
  • Anna Og. Dikovska,
  • Nikolay N. Nedyalkov,
  • Georgi V. Avdeev and
  • Petar A. Atanasov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2438–2445, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.242

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  • geometry [17][18]. Despite the attractive properties and practical advantages of PLD, there still exist some drawbacks and limitations in using this method. The PLD process is typically performed in a vacuum chamber at ultrahigh vacuum or in the presence of a background gas, such as oxygen, nitrogen or
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Published 17 Nov 2017

Comparing postdeposition reactions of electrons and radicals with Pt nanostructures created by focused electron beam induced deposition

  • Julie A. Spencer,
  • Michael Barclay,
  • Miranda J. Gallagher,
  • Robert Winkler,
  • Ilyas Unlu,
  • Yung-Chien Wu,
  • Harald Plank,
  • Lisa McElwee-White and
  • D. Howard Fairbrother

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2410–2424, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.240

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  • etch substrates or equipment. The use of electrons was motivated in part by previous ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) surface science studies which showed that for 1–2 monolayer (ML) thin films of organometallic precursors with halide ligands, the halogens can be removed [29][31]. The importance of halogen
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Published 15 Nov 2017

Identifying the nature of surface chemical modification for directed self-assembly of block copolymers

  • Laura Evangelio,
  • Federico Gramazio,
  • Matteo Lorenzoni,
  • Michaela Gorgoi,
  • Francisco Miguel Espinosa,
  • Ricardo García,
  • Francesc Pérez-Murano and
  • Jordi Fraxedas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1972–1981, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.198

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  • an ultrahigh vacuum chamber with a base pressure in the high 10−9 mbar range. To prevent beam damage, measurements were taken at different locations on the sample. In addition, the radiation was stopped (beam shutter closed) when spectra were not acquired (e.g. in case of monochromator setting change
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Published 21 Sep 2017

Coexistence of strongly buckled germanene phases on Al(111)

  • Weimin Wang and
  • Roger I. G. Uhrberg

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1946–1951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.195

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  • and Theoretical Details Samples were prepared in situ in two separate ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) systems. One was equipped with LEED and STM (at Linköping University) and the other with LEED and a 2D electron analyzer for photoelectron spectroscopy (at MAX-lab in Lund). A clean Al(111) surface was
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Published 18 Sep 2017

Non-intuitive clustering of 9,10-phenanthrenequinone on Au(111)

  • Ryan D. Brown,
  • Rebecca C. Quardokus,
  • Natalie A. Wasio,
  • Jacob P. Petersen,
  • Angela M. Silski,
  • Steven A. Corcelli and
  • S. Alex Kandel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1801–1807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.181

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  • after deposition. The samples were then transferred to a cryogenically cooled STM (Omicron LT-STM) in an ultrahigh-vacuum chamber, and imaged once the temperature had equilibrated at 77 K. Typical imaging conditions used were a 10 pA tunneling setpoint with a tip–sample bias of +1.00 V, unless otherwise
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Published 30 Aug 2017

Comprehensive Raman study of epitaxial silicene-related phases on Ag(111)

  • Dmytro Solonenko,
  • Ovidiu D. Gordan,
  • Guy Le Lay,
  • Dietrich R. T. Zahn and
  • Patrick Vogt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1357–1365, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.137

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  • measurements were performed in macro configuration, using a Dilor XY800 triple monochromator, equipped with a CCD camera as a detector. All spectra were recorded at room temperature and under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions at a base pressure of 2·10−10 mbar. For the excitation the 514.5 nm line of an Ar+ laser
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Published 03 Jul 2017

Stable Au–C bonds to the substrate for fullerene-based nanostructures

  • Taras Chutora,
  • Jesús Redondo,
  • Bruno de la Torre,
  • Martin Švec,
  • Pavel Jelínek and
  • Héctor Vázquez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1073–1079, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.109

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  • –molecule anchors for fullerene-based nanostructures at room temperature. Experimental Deposition and sputtering of C60 Experiments were performed in ultrahigh vacuum, variable temperature STM (VT-STM), with base pressure below 5 × 10−10 mbar. Typically, six cycles of Ar+ ion sputtering (1 kV, 10 min) and
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Published 17 May 2017
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