Sulfur nanocomposites with insecticidal effect for the control of Bactericera cockerelli

• Lany S. Araujo-Yépez,
• Juan O. Tigrero-Salas,
• Vicente A. Delgado-Rodríguez,
• Vladimir A. Aguirre-Yela and
• Josué N. Villota-Méndez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1106–1115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.91

• eucalyptus and rosemary at different concentrations. Characterizations were carried out through UV–visible spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM); also the insecticidal efficacy of the NCMPs for the control of

• distribution were calculated. UV–vis spectrum of SNPs. (a) SEM micrograph and (b) EDS spectrum of synthesized SNPs. (a) TEM micrograph of synthesized SNPs and (b) density function. STEM micrographs (left) and density plots (right) of eucalyptus nanocomposites with oil concentrations of (a) 0.25%, (b) 0.5%, and

Dual-heterodyne Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Benjamin Grévin,
• Fatima Husainy,
• Dmitry Aldakov and
• Cyril Aumaître

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1068–1084, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.88

Experimental investigation of usage of POE lubricants with Al₂O₃, graphene or CNT nanoparticles in a refrigeration compressor

• Kayhan Dağıdır and
• Kemal Bilen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1041–1058, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.86

• nanoparticles is presented separately in the subsequent sections to verify the catalog information provided by the manufacturer. In the characterization of the nanoparticles used in the study, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction

• (XRD) analyses were performed. Characterization of Al2O3 nanoparticles The morphological features of the Al2O3 nanoparticles were investigated with the help of FE-SEM micrograph (Figure 2a). It is seen that the Al2O3 nanoparticles exhibit amorphous nature. Thus, it can be stated that the particle size

• cannot be clearly determined in FE-SEM micrograph, but the primary particle size is smaller than 50 nm. On the other hand, EDS analysis was conducted on the Al2O3 sample to determine the elemental composition and purity of Al2O3 nanoparticles. The result of the EDS analysis is given in Figure 2b and it

Prediction of cytotoxicity of heavy metals adsorbed on nano-TiO₂ with periodic table descriptors using machine learning approaches

• Joyita Roy,
• Souvik Pore and
• Kunal Roy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 939–950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.77

• XGBoost gives the highest R2 (0.99) for the training set, while AdaBoost gives the lowest R2 (0.88) with the highest MAEtest (0.33). Cross-validation (CV) statistics were obtained based through 20 times fivefold repetitive CV along with 1000 times shuffle split CV (mean ± SEM) method. This is done to

• . SHAP summary plot. Cross-validation statistics based on 20 times fivefold repetitive CV and 1000 times shuffle split CV method (mean ± SEM). General mechanism of toxicity to HK-2 cell by heavy metals. Different concentrations of heavy metal salt samples in µmol/L. Statistical parameters and selected

Upscaling the urea method synthesis of CoAl layered double hydroxides

• Camilo Jaramillo-Hernández,
• Víctor Oestreicher,
• Martín Mizrahi and
• Gonzalo Abellán

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 927–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.76

• CoAl-LDH synthesis method. We thoroughly study the effects of the mass scale-up (25-fold: up to 375 mM) and the volumetric scale-up (20-fold: up to 2 L). For this, we use a combination of several structural (XRD, TGA, and N2 and CO2 isotherms), microscopic (SEM, TEM, and AFM), magnetic (SQUID), and

• CoAl-based LDH synthesis through an ARR method had been demonstrated, morphological aspects were addressed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) (Figure 4 and Figure 5). For reference x1, well-defined hexagonal single

• experimental conditions extracted from SEM analysis. Besides slight differences in size and morphology (sharpness of the edges), the AFM comparison of single hexagonal platelets of reference x1 and sample x20V shows a similar thickness of around 85 nm (Figure 5A,B and Supporting Information File 1, Figure S15

N-Heterocyclic carbene-based gold etchants

• Robert B. Chevalier,
• Justin Pantano,
• Matthew K. Kiesewetter and
• Jason R. Dwyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 865–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.71

• of etching observed in Figure 3d. Figure 4 shows the effect of species 2–4 in solutions of THF and DCM. Species 2 at a concentration of 3.25 × 10−2 M in THF in Figure 4a shows the most aggressive etching across species 1–4 in all solvents. After only 30 min there was no evidence by SEM of extant gold

• maps in Figure S5 (Supporting Information File 1) support that the black sections of the SEM images in Figure 3 and Figure 4 correspond to the absence of gold, that is, to complete loss of gold to the action of the etchant solution. We mixed, with 10 min of vortexing, citrate-capped AuNPs in 10 mL

• % nitrogen gas. Electron micrographs were recorded using the SE2 detector of a Zeiss SIGMA VP field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM). Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) spectra were obtained for each sample using an Oxford Instruments X-max 50 mm2 EDS attachment. Peaks were identified

Biomimetics on the micro- and nanoscale – The 25th anniversary of the lotus effect

• Matthias Mail,
• Kerstin Koch,
• Thomas Speck,
• William M. Megill and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 850–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.69

• with a super depth-of-field microscope, measure cross-sections of veins of wings via SEM, and characterize the nanomechanical structural and elastic behaviour of the structures using a nanoindenter. The authors use the detailed observations obtained to explore the relative aerodynamical performance of

• Mail, Kerstin Koch, Thomas Speck, William M. Megill and Stanislav N. Gorb Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Kleve, Freiburg, and Kiel, July 2023 Biological archetype and eponym of the lotus effect: The sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera). a) Photo of a lotus plant. b) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of

Ultralow-energy amorphization of contaminated silicon samples investigated by molecular dynamics

• Grégoire R. N. Defoort-Levkov,
• Alan Bahm and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 834–849, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.68

• substantially more controllable at low energies [10][11], which also makes such beams valid candidates for these processes. Another application includes lamella preparation for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have high constraints regarding cleanliness [12

A wearable nanoscale heart sound sensor based on P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/GR and its application in cardiac disease detection

• Yi Luo,
• Jian Liu,
• Jiachang Zhang,
• Yu Xiao,
• Ying Wu and
• Zhidong Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 819–833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.67

• utilized to analyze the composition and β-phase content of the composite piezoelectric nanofilms, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to observe the morphology of the thin film filaments. Figure 6 displays the XRD patterns of the three composite piezoelectric nanofilms. In the P(VDF-TrFE

• is in agreement with the XRD findings. The thickness of the piezoelectric film was determined to be approximately 120 μm using a Vernier caliper with a precision of 0.02 mm. The SEM images in Figure 8 reveal that the microstructure of the nanofilms consists of fibrous filaments at the micro/nanoscale

• . SEM images of a pure PVDF film in Figure 8a and Figure 8b exhibit filamentous fibers with a relatively smooth surface. In contrast, Figure 8c and Figure 8d show that the addition of ZnO to the P(VDF-TrFE) filaments leads to a rough and granular surface, caused by the aggregation of ZnO particles that

Silver-based SERS substrates fabricated using a 3D printed microfluidic device

• Phommachith Sonexai,
• Minh Van Nguyen,
• Bui The Huy and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 793–803, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.65

• (USA). Deionized water with a resistivity of 18 MΩ·cm−1, provided by a Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore Corp., MA, USA), was used throughout all the experiments. The morphologies of Ag NPs and SERS substrates were examined using a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM, Mira II

•  2). FE-SEM micrographs of the samples are shown in Figure 3. The average sizes of Ag nanoparticles were estimated to be 24.10 ± 0.15, 27.07 ± 0.16, 28.07 ± 0.17, and 30.88 ± 0.31 nm by using the ImageJ program. Based on the calculated data, it is evident that the average size of Ag NPs increases

• with an increase in the concentration of reactants. Structural characterization of the SERS substrate In Supporting Information File 1, Figure S10a shows the SEM image of the SAM of Ag NPs on the surface of methanol, while Figure S10b displays the image of the PS substrate after covering with the Ag

In situ magnesiothermic reduction synthesis of a Ge@C composite for high-performance lithium-ion batterie anodes

• Ha Tran Huu,
• Ngoc Phi Nguyen,
• Vuong Hoang Ngo,
• Huy Hoang Luc,
• Minh Kha Le,
• Minh Thu Nguyen,
• My Loan Phung Le,
• Hye Rim Kim,
• In Young Kim,
• Sung Jin Kim,
• Van Man Tran and
• Vien Vo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 751–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.62

• demonstrate the enhanced contact between the in situ formed Ge and the carbon matrix, which promotes conductivity, accommodates volume variation, and ultimately improves the electrochemical performance of the material. The morphology of the materials was observed using FE-SEM and HR-TEM. As shown in Figure 2a

• carried out for structural and phase information. Infrared (IR, Shimadzu IRAffinity-1S) and Raman (LabRAM HR evolution confocal Raman microscope) spectra were measured for bond analysis. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM, Hitachi S-4800) and high-resolution transmission electron

• spectra, and (c) Raman spectra of pure Ge, Ge/C-iM750, Ge/C-HT180, Ge/C-SS750, and BC-800 (see Experimental section for sample denominations). SEM images of (a) Ge and (b) Ge/C-iM750; TEM images of (c) Ge, (d) Ge/C-iM750, (e) Ge/C-HT180, and (f) Ge/C-SS750. CV measurements of (a) pure Ge, (b) Ge/C-iM750

The microstrain-accompanied structural phase transition from h-MoO₃ to α-MoO₃ investigated by in situ X-ray diffraction

• Zeqian Zhang,
• Honglong Shi,
• Boxiang Zhuang,
• Minting Luo and
• Zhenfei Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 692–700, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.55

• the ⟨001⟩α direction, and the neighbouring chains share corners to form an octahedron layer along the ⟨100⟩α direction. The octahedron layer grows along the ⟨100⟩α, ⟨101⟩α, and ⟨010⟩α directions to crystalize into the tabular structure seen in the SEM experiment (Figure 1d). The structural phase

• , respectively. (b) Mass fraction of the α-MoO3 phase and the microstrain in the h-MoO3 phase. (c,d) SEM microstructures of samples calcinated at 300 and 450 °C, respectively. Crystal structure of the hexagonal phase MoO3·H2O from the sample calcinated at 375 °C. (a) Result of the Rietveld refinement; (b

Humidity-dependent electrical performance of CuO nanowire networks studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

• Jelena Kosmaca,
• Juris Katkevics,
• Jana Andzane,
• Raitis Sondors,
• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Kiryl Niherysh,
• Yelyzaveta Rublova and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 683–691, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.54

• (Figure 1b,c,e). The average diameters of the individual CuO nanowires, determined from the SEM images, were 50–100 nm, and their lengths varied between 2 and 20 µm (Figure 1a). To optimize the dielectrophoretic alignment of nanowires of such lengths and to maximize the number of the nanowire

• electron microscopy (SEM, Hitachi S4800) and atomic force microscopy (AFM, Asylum Research MFP-3D). Electrochemical impedance measurements were performed under various atmospheric conditions in a custom-made system described elsewhere [28]. The main system parameters were RH from 4% to 97%, gas flow from

SERS performance of GaN/Ag substrates fabricated by Ag coating of GaN platforms

• Magdalena A. Zając,
• Bogusław Budner,
• Malwina Liszewska,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Łukasz Gutowski,
• Jan L. Weyher and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 552–564, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.46

• morphology of fabricated Ag layers examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Then, we present the results of their optical properties determined using UV–vis spectroscopy. Finally, we compare the SERS performance of the GaN/Ag substrates toward 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (pMBA) molecules adsorbed on them

• intense Raman signal. SEM images of the GaN platforms with MS-deposited silver layers of different thicknesses are shown in Figure 2. The morphology of MS-fabricated SERS substrates does not change significantly with the change in Ag layer thickness. With a larger amount of deposited Ag, the thickness of

• in the temperature of the platform. Determination of a numerical value describing the thickness of the Ag layer on nanostructured GaN platforms as a function of the temperature would be complicated because of the complex 3D morphology of the GaN platforms. SEM images of the GaN platforms with PLD

Observation of multiple bulk bound states in the continuum modes in a photonic crystal cavity

• Rui Chen,
• Yi Zheng,
• Xingyu Huang,
• Qiaoling Lin,
• Chaochao Ye,
• Meng Xiong,
• Martijn Wubs,
• Yungui Ma,
• Minhao Pu and
• Sanshui Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 544–551, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.45

• carried out to compensate for deviations between fabricated and designed values. To obtain devices with larger Q factors and higher scattering power, cavities with larger Na = 30 and Nb = 10 were fabricated. Optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images are given in Figure 3a. A microscope was

Carbon nanotube-cellulose ink for rapid solvent identification

• Tiago Amarante,
• Thiago H. R. Cunha,
• Claudio Laudares,
• Ana P. M. Barboza,
• Ana Carolina dos Santos,
• Cíntia L. Pereira,
• Vinicius Ornelas,
• Bernardo R. A. Neves,
• André S. Ferlauto and
• Rodrigo G. Lacerda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 535–543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.44

• length of 5 μm were produced at CTNano/UFMG [59][60][61]. Morphological analysis was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in a Quanta 200 FEG, using secondary electrons between 2 and 10 kV. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was carried out on a Bruker MultiMode8 SPM using the intermittent

• and Centro de Microscopia-UFMG for providing the SEM and TEM images included in Supporting Information File 1. Funding The authors also would like to thank Fapemig (Rede 2D and individual projects), INCT Nanomateriais de Carbono, CNPq/MCT, Petrobras, BNDES and CAPES for the funding support. APMB

Nanoarchitectonics to entrap living cells in silica-based systems: encapsulations with yolk–shell and sepiolite nanomaterials

• Celia Martín-Morales,
• Jorge Fernández-Méndez,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 522–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.43

• sol–gel methods, as well as pre-synthesised yolk–shell bionanohybrids have been studied subsequently. Optical microscopy and SEM confirm that the silica shell microstructures provide a reduced contact between cells. The inorganic matrix increases the survival of the cells and maintains their

• systems were studied by means of optical and electron microscopy (SEM and FE-SEM). Both techniques allowed us to study in detail the cellular arrangement of the microorganisms and their interaction with the inorganic matrix system. FE-SEM microscopy images of the different gel encapsulation systems are

• improved transport of nutrients and metabolites across the material. The FE-SEM images in Figure 2C and Figure 2D show the same microorganism cells but previously encapsulated in yolk–shell microstructures. They are arranged differently from those immobilized freely in the silica gel substrate. In the

On the use of Raman spectroscopy to characterize mass-produced graphene nanoplatelets

• Keith R. Paton,
• Konstantinos Despotelis,
• Naresh Kumar,
• Piers Turner and
• Andrew J. Pollard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 509–521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.42

• widely used characterization tool for GR2Ms [8]. A search of Web of Science showed that of 97,532 articles published in the last five years with “Graphene” in the abstract, 9.3% also mentioned “Raman”. This is compared with atomic force microscopy (AFM) (2.4%), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (11.4

• production of materials. (A) Example AFM image of flakes from the GNPref sample; the scale bar is 2 μm. (B) Example SEM image of flakes from the GNPref sample; the scale bar is 200 nm. (C) Flake sizes of GNPref sample measured by AFM with histograms of the lateral size and thickness distributions. (A

The origin of black and white coloration of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)

• Manuela Rebora,
• Gianandrea Salerno,
• Silvana Piersanti,
• Alexander Kovalev and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 496–508, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.41

• analysed using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and fluorescence microscopy. Reflectance spectra of the white areas are measured. No clear difference is present in the morphology of micro- and nanostructures of black and white scales in SEM and TEM, but black scales contain a

• SEM reveal that the body of Ae. albopictus is covered with scales and microtrichia (Figure 2). Scales of different shape are present on different body parts. Spatulate scales are the most common kind of scales. They are found on the thorax (Figure 2a,b), wings (Figure 2c), halters (Figure 2d), head

• in the morphology of black and white scales in SEM and TEM, except for the small difference in the distance between the longitudinal ridges. The scales appear black and white only under reflected light at low magnification. In our observation of the tarsal scales of Ae. aegypti in a light microscope

Mixed oxides with corundum-type structure obtained from recycling can seals as paint pigments: color stability

• Dienifer F. L. Horsth,
• Julia de O. Primo,
• Nayara Balaba,
• Fauze J. Anaissi and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 467–477, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.37

• results. The Raman modes are A1g (ca. 149 cm−1 and ca. 501 cm−1) and E1g (ca. 222 cm−1, ca. 290 cm−1, ca. 298 cm−1, ca. 402 cm−1, and ca. 615 cm−1, where 290 cm−1 and 298 cm−1 usually are a doublet with E1g symmetry and cannot be easily resolved [20]. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) The morphology of

• together with recycled boehmite. The absorbance spectra indicate the presence of 3+ ions in the samples, which are responsible for the colors. The spectra also confirm the type of structure found via XRD and the oxidation state determined from XPS. SEM images show the characteristic morphology of this type

• -performance detector, with a power of 300 W. A scanning electron microscope Hitachi SU8020 SEM (Tokyo, Japan) was used to obtain morphology information. The oxidation state and composition of the chemical elements at the surface were evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) (Versaprobe PHI 5000

Conjugated photothermal materials and structure design for solar steam generation

• Chia-Yang Lin and
• Tsuyoshi Michinobu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 454–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.36

• hydrophobicity allows the material to float on water. Microporous structures were obtained by NaCl particulate leaching. The pore sizes could be flexibly controlled by the size of the NaCl template. This method is simple, low-cost, and easy to scale up. The surface structures of the foam were visualized by SEM

• B. Shao et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, vol. 8, issue 23, © 2020); permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0. (a) SEM images of the poly(1,3,5-hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine)-based foams at low (up) and high (down) magnifications. (b) An optical image

Evaluation of electrosynthesized reduced graphene oxide–Ni/Fe/Co-based (oxy)hydroxide catalysts towards the oxygen evolution reaction

• Karolina Cysewska,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Marcin Zając,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 420–433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.34

• the electrodeposition of conductive films on active metals [26]. The morphology of the deposits was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and is presented in Figure 1b–f. Typical GO flakes regularly distributed over the surface of the nickel foam were successfully obtained after the one-step

• interconnected nanoflakes, which formed a porous 3D structure uniformly distributed over the entire surface of the nickel foam (Figure 1d). The morphology of the catalysts changed after the combination of GO with NiFe and CoNiFe (Figure 1e,f). In each case, the SEM images clearly show the complete coverage of

• . Deposition of CoNiFe on the GO/Ni foam changed the shape of the GO flakes, with some visible agglomerations (Figure 1f). In contrast, the presence of GO resulted in the formation of a CoNiFe layer, which only remained an interconnected 3D porous material in some areas. Additional SEM images with different

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

The steep road to nonviral nanomedicines: Frequent challenges and culprits in designing nanoparticles for gene therapy

• Yao Yao,
• Yeongun Ko,
• Grant Grasman,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 351–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.30

• offer some standards on the most commonly found techniques with an intent to provide a starting point for the development of repeatable protocols. Imaging (individual analysis) For particles that are readily measured in the solid state, we recommend the ISO 19749:221 standard for SEM analysis, ASTM

Polymer nanoparticles from low-energy nanoemulsions for biomedical applications

• Santiago Grijalvo and
• Carlos Rodriguez-Abreu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 339–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.29

• 80/20 and water contents above 87 wt %, with droplet sizes in the 180–190 nm range. The derived ethyl cellulose nanoparticles had a size between 107 and 161 nm as estimated by TEM and SEM (Figure 2). Dexamethasone (DXM), a steroid with potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant activity, was

• concentration of nanoparticles in the as-prepared samples, improving surface functionalization, and expanding the range of polymers that can be processed by this approach. Schematics of the structural and curvature changes during (a) PIT and (b) PIC nanoemulsification. (A) TEM and (B) SEM images of ethyl