CdSe/ZnS quantum dots as a booster in the active layer of distributed ternary organic photovoltaics

• Gabriela Lewińska,
• Piotr Jeleń,
• Zofia Kucia,
• Maciej Sitarz,
• Łukasz Walczak,
• Bartłomiej Szafraniak,
• Jerzy Sanetra and
• Konstanty W. Marszalek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 144–156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.14

• was determined. The resistivity of the layers was determined using impedance spectroscopy. Simulations (General-Purpose Photovoltaic Device Model) showed a performance improvement in the cells with quantum dots of 0.36–1.45% compared to those without quantum dots. Keywords: efficiency; luminescence

• fluorophores emitting light signifies the occurrence of the quenching process. Spectroscopic ellipsometry Spectroscopic ellipsometry studies were performed to determine changes in optical performance with temperature. A multilayer model with a silicon substrate layer was fitted to the obtained Ψ and Δ values

• (point by point). The layer under consideration was first pure quantum dots and then a ternary system with PC71BM and P3HT. The refractive index (n) of the quantum dots thin film and the extinction coefficient (k) were estimated using the Lorentz model modified by Tauc. The complex dielectric function is

Enhanced feedback performance in off-resonance AFM modes through pulse train sampling

• Mustafa Kangül,
• Navid Asmari,
• Santiago H. Andany,
• Marcos Penedo and
• Georg E. Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 134–143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.13

• -order hold block. Thus, the control process can be represented with a sampler, an integrator, a delay element, and a zero-order hold block (Figure 1E-v.). To analyze the reference tracking quality of the controller, we model a unity gain closed-loop system (further information in Supporting Information

In situ optical sub-wavelength thickness control of porous anodic aluminum oxide

• Aleksandrs Dutovs,
• Raimonds Popļausks,
• Oskars Putāns,
• Vladislavs Perkanuks,
• Aušrinė Jurkevičiūtė,
• Tomas Tamulevičius,
• Uldis Malinovskis,
• Iryna Olyshevets,
• Donats Erts and
• Juris Prikulis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 126–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.12

• consistently manufacturing PAAO with the targeted thickness. An electrochemical cell with an optical window was designed for reflectance spectroscopy of PAAO during anodization. Real-time fitting of spectra to a transfer-matrix model enabled continuous monitoring of the thickness growth of the PAAO layer

• the reflectance spectra to a multilayer model of a water–PAAO–aluminum system using the transfer-matrix method (TMM) [22]. Previously, TMM has been employed only for post-production thickness analysis of PAAO-based stratified systems [13][23]. In the present study, it allowed for continuous in situ

• consistent thickness determination during anodization using reflectance measurements at normal incidence, it was sufficient to assume a single PAAO layer with the effective RI neff. A simplified model consisting of an Al substrate with the complex RI [29], PAAO with constant neff, and water with RI [30

Development and characterization of potential larvicidal nanoemulsions against Aedes aegypti

• Jonatas L. Duarte,
• Leonardo Delello Di Filippo,
• Anna Eliza Maciel de Faria Mota Oliveira,
• Rafael Miguel Sábio,
• Gabriel Davi Marena,
• Tais Maria Bauab,
• Cristiane Duque,
• Vincent Corbel and
• Marlus Chorilli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 104–114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.10

• formulations, specifically nanoemulsions, has emerged as a prospective strategy to surmount these obstacles. In this study, we developed and characterized nanoemulsions based on cymene and myrcene and assessed their toxicity both in vitro using human keratinocytes (HaCAT) cells and in an in vivo model

• determining the effect on the immune response in vivo. In vitro cytotoxicity assays are an important tool for evaluating the safety of NEs. HaCaT cells are a widely used human keratinocyte cell line that exhibits several characteristics of normal human epidermal keratinocytes, making them an excellent model

• oil–surfactant core–shell structure within the micelles. Consequently, a lower amount of monoterpenes is released into the surrounding medium [42]. Among the mathematical models used to study drug kinetics, the Korsmeyer–Peppas release model proved to be the most suitable for our formulations (Table 4

New application of bimetallic Ag/Pt nanoplates in a colorimetric biosensor for specific detection of E. coli in water

• Azam Bagheri Pebdeni,
• Mohammad N. AL-Baiati and
• Morteza Hosseini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 95–103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.9

• to other bacteria. Paper-based colorimetric detection of E. coli in water as a real sample The suggested biosensor paper-based model was meant to monitor the change in blue color with different concentrations of E. coli. The vivid blue hue showed an increase in bacteria concentrations after the

• different concentrations of E. coli (10 to 108 CFU·mL−1) obtained at 652 nm. b) Linear relationship of the aptamer-Ag/Pt NPL for detection of E. coli, and c) images showing color change. (a, c) Analytical results of the paper-based model for naked eye detection of E. coli, (b, d) the gray intensity of grey

Berberine-loaded polylactic acid nanofiber scaffold as a drug delivery system: The relationship between chemical characteristics, drug-release behavior, and antibacterial efficiency

• Le Thi Le,
• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Liem Thanh Nguyen,
• Huy Quang Tran and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 71–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.7

• equations and parameters determined by fitting the BBR release data to the aforementioned mathematical models are shown in Supporting Information File 1 and Table 2. The correlation coefficient (R2) of BBR release from the BBR/PLA nanofiber scaffold was the largest when fitted to the Ritger–Peppas model

• value of n determined by the Ritger–Peppas model was in the range of 0.5 and 1.0, which means that the BBR NPs release mechanism could be represented by a non-Fickian diffusion. In other words, the release of BBR NPs was not only based on diffusion but also involved other processes, such as dissolution

• released from BBR/PLA and from BBR NPs/PLA nanofiber scaffolds, the data of the experimental BBR release were described by four kinetic models, including the zero-order model, first-order model, Higuchi model, and Ritger–Peppas model (Supporting Information File 1). Antibacterial test The antibacterial

Influence of conductive carbon and MnCo₂O₄ on morphological and electrical properties of hydrogels for electrochemical energy conversion

• Sylwia Pawłowska,
• Karolina Cysewska,
• Yasamin Ziai,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 57–70, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.6

• conductive carbon black concentrations in hydrogel composite samples (c). Analysis of electrical properties of hydrogel-based samples with catalyst (M CO) and conductive (cCB) particles (experimental data (dot line) and Randles model results (solid line)): a) Bode modulus and b) phase angle with fitting

Josephson dynamics and Shapiro steps at high transmissions: current bias regime

• Artem V. Galaktionov and
• Andrei D. Zaikin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 51–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.5

• modified by replacing V by its time average V→. Dissipation usually plays an important role in the case of current-biased superconducting nanojunctions. One possible way to account for dissipative currents is to employ the so-called resistively shunted junction (RSJ) model [1]. In the case of tunnel

• junctions, this phenomenological model can be microscopically justified only at temperatures in the vicinity of the critical temperature Tc. As one goes away from Tc, the number of quasiparticles above the superconducting gap decreases exponentially and, hence, no dissipative currents at subgap voltages and

• critical value Ic. In particular, one finds [3] ∝ I − Ic instead of the square root dependence derived within the standard RSJ model. In this work we point out that sub-Ohmic subgap dissipation in transparent superconducting nanojunctions may substantially modify the whole pattern of integer Shapiro

Curcumin-loaded nanostructured systems for treatment of leishmaniasis: a review

• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Edijane Matos Sales and
• Fábio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 37–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.4

• against resistant strains of Leishmania donovani, which resulted in a 15-fold improvement in drug activity when into NLC, with a selectivity index for the intracellular model in macrophages almost three times higher than that of the free drug. In vivo studies showed that the suppression of parasite load

• , the amount of parasites in the lymph nodes (31.5%) and footpad (60.3%) decreased [57]. Another nanostructured platform explored for the delivery of leishmanicidal drugs is the liposomal platform [74]. Artemisinin-loaded nanoliposomes smaller than 100 nm were obtained and evaluated in a murine model

• model of visceral leishmaniasis. Percentages of inhibition in the liver and spleen were 82.4 ± 3.8% and 77.6 ± 5.5%, respectively [75]. The results of the studies highlighted in this topic confirm the relevance of the use of nanostructured formulations for the delivery of bioactive compounds and uptake

TEM sample preparation of lithographically patterned permalloy nanostructures on silicon nitride membranes

• Joshua Williams,
• Michael I. Faley,
• Joseph Vimal Vas,
• Peng-Han Lu and
• Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1–12, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.1

• Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (Grant No. 856538, project “3D MAGiC”) and the Joint Laboratory on Model and Data Driven Material Characterization of the Helmholtz Association.

Fluorescent bioinspired albumin/polydopamine nanoparticles and their interactions with Escherichia coli cells

• Eloïse Equy,
• Jordana Hirtzel,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Béatrice Heurtault,
• Eric Mathieu,
• Morgane Rabineau,
• Vincent Ball and
• Lydie Ploux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1208–1224, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.100

• protein and to determine whether they can enter and accumulate in bacterial cells. The investigation has been conducted with NPs made of polydopamine (PDA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA), and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria as a bacterial model. Three different types of fluorescent BSA/PDA NPs have

Determination of the radii of coated and uncoated silicon AFM sharp tips using a height calibration standard grating and a nonlinear regression function

• Perawat Boonpuek and
• Jonathan R. Felts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1200–1207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.99

• profile radius. Another method for tip shape determination is scanning AFM images across a test grating to get a scanline profile of the tip and to compare that with the result of a geometrical model of the tip profile calculated using a tip slope angle. The tip cone angle together with the tip slope

• for 30 nm depth to obtain sufficient data of force curves. The blunted tips were imaged by SEM immediately after running the nanoindentation process in the AFM program. Then, each tip radius was determined by fitting the force loading curves with the Hertz model equation using the indentation depth

• rate × scan length × 2.25 = 54 nm/s), which is appropriate for the three different tips. The resulting height images for all tips (see Supporting Information File 1, Section S2) are in accordance with the analytical model of tip–sidewall contact in sliding motion as denoted in Figure 2. Namely, the

Elasticity, an often-overseen parameter in the development of nanoscale drug delivery systems

• Agnes-Valencia Weiss and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1149–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.95

• most popular method is the evaluation of nanoindentation data resulting in Young’s moduli. The determination of the Young’s modulus is based on different theories. The adapted Hertz’ model, according to Sneddon [23], is most often used requiring a maximum indentation of 10% of the particle height

• implementation of pause segments keeping the force or position constant and monitoring the other variable. This opens the possibility to measure viscoelastic properties determining, in the case of the Zener model, the elastic modules (E0, E1) and the viscosity (η). More recently, the storage modulus E' and the

• with a model hydrogel that there is a higher penetration for more deformable extracellular vesicles from mouse mesenchymal stromal cells [37]. A second study, from Yu et al., shows rigidity-dependent penetration of lipid NPs in the mucus layer of rat intestinal mucus. Liposomes were either hollow or

A multi-resistance wide-range calibration sample for conductive probe atomic force microscopy measurements

• François Piquemal,
• Khaled Kaja,
• Pascal Chrétien,
• José Morán-Meza,
• Frédéric Houzé,
• Christian Ulysse and
• Abdelmounaim Harouri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1141–1148, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.94

• voltage between −1 V and +1 V. This approach mitigates the difficulties related to surface contamination on the gold electrodes during scanning. Resistance values for each electrode arm were determined from the slopes of the I–V straights using a regression model. For each value, the coefficient of

A bifunctional superconducting cell as flux qubit and neuron

• Dmitrii S. Pashin,
• Pavel V. Pikunov,
• Marina V. Bastrakova,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1116–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.92

• utilising the findings to develop components of neuromorphic co-processors that collaborate with quantum computing systems. We will refer to the corresponding cell (a single-contact interferometer shunted by an inductance as depicted in Figure 1) further in the text as the “parametron”. Model of the

• adiabatic energy levels at anticrossing τLZ. The estimates obtained in the framework of the two-level model are in good agreement with the numerical calculations (solid lines in Figure 2a,b) of the Schrödinger time-dependent equation by the Crank–Nicolson method [46] based on the Magnus decomposition for

• excited state, as shown in Figure 2a. It can be assumed that the characteristic duration of the “NOT” operation will be of the same order of magnitude for the “flux control” of the tuning circuit cell used as an auxiliary qubit. A Model for Dissipative Effects in the Bifunctional Cell Another important

Density functional theory study of Au-fcc/Ge and Au-hcp/Ge interfaces

• Olga Sikora,
• Małgorzata Sternik,
• Benedykt R. Jany,
• Franciszek Krok,
• Przemysław Piekarz and
• Andrzej M. Oleś

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1093–1105, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.90

• results show that the Au-fcc borders the Ge(001) surface, whereas a preferred hcp crystal orientation is when the Au(010) plane, or Au() in the Miller–Bravais notation, is parallel to the Ge(111) plane. An atomistic model of the planar interface between Au-fcc and Ge(001) was also proposed. First

• separation. Their values can be obtained from DFT calculations of the total energies of appropriate systems modeling the heterostructure as well as the bulk crystals and slabs with a vacuum layer. The methodology details (from choosing the interface model up to the optimization methods) differ between

• ) grid for crystallographic cells of bulk crystal to a (4,4,4) grid for larger superlattices that model the Au-fcc(011)/Ge(001) and Au-hcp(010)/Ge(111) heterostructures. The slabs with vacuum were calculated using (8,8,2) or (4,4,2) k-points grids depending on the size of the cross section. A vacuum

Properties of tin oxide films grown by atomic layer deposition from tin tetraiodide and ozone

• Kristjan Kalam,
• Peeter Ritslaid,
• Tanel Käämbre,
• Aile Tamm and
• Kaupo Kukli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1085–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.89

• ZSX Version 5.55 was used to measure the elemental composition of films. A spectroscopic ellipsometer, model GES5-E, was used for the measurements of film thicknesses and refractive indices. Ellipsometric data was modelled using the Cauchy dispersion model. The crystal structure was evaluated by

Dual-heterodyne Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Benjamin Grévin,
• Fatima Husainy,
• Dmitry Aldakov and
• Cyril Aumaître

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1068–1084, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.88

• dynamics in the mathematical model used to describe the SPV dynamics. A first approach consists in checking what the dynamics of the SPV are from the perspective of another technique. To that end, we performed a series of complementary spectroscopic measurements (single data points at selected locations on

• areas also showed a positive SPV [4]. Although the following model remains tentative, the picture that seems to emerge is that the BHJs investigated in this work feature nanophase-segregated networks with a higher concentration of the electron-donor polymer (accounting for the positive SPV), and/or a

• -KPFM, thanks to the signal enhancement provided by the second eigenmode, can image weak SPV signals that would otherwise be barely detectable. To illustrate the capabilities of DHe-KPFM in terms of high sensitivity, we have chosen as a model system an optoelectronic interface that can be obtained by

Recognition mechanisms of hemoglobin particles by monocytes – CD163 may just be one

• Jonathan-Gabriel Nimz,
• Pichayut Rerkshanandana,
• Chiraphat Kloypan,
• Ulrich Kalus,
• Saranya Chaiwaree,
• Axel Pruß,
• Radostina Georgieva,
• Yu Xiong and
• Hans Bäumler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1028–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.85

• ) with a diameter between 0.4 and 2.1 µm demonstrate this relationship, as Figure 6 and Figure 7 illustrate (incubation of heparin blood with 2 × 108 MP/mL) [41]. Champion et al. researched this relationship in a model as well [42]. Test particles (polystyrene microspheres) with diameters in the range of

• that Hb is not necessarily the key factor that triggers uptake into cells and, in any case, CD163 does not appear to be the single key protein for this either. Xiong et al. observed agglomeration of HBOCs in the liver of a rat model after intravenous injection of a HBOC solution, which became visible

Nanoarchitectonics of photothermal materials to enhance the sensitivity of lateral flow assays

• Elangovan Sarathkumar,
• Rajasekharan S. Anjana and
• Ramapurath S. Jayasree

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 988–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.82

• 2017 to determine the impact of GNP size on LFA performance [25]. They compared three different sizes of GNPs (30, 60, and 100 nm) in order to determine both the colorimetric and photothermal effect on the LFA membrane (Figure 7A). The group considered C-reactive protein as a model antigen, and the

Low temperature atomic layer deposition of cobalt using dicobalt hexacarbonyl-1-heptyne as precursor

• Mathias Franz,
• Mahnaz Safian Jouzdani,
• Lysann Kaßner,
• Marcus Daniel,
• Frank Stahr and
• Stefan E. Schulz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 951–963, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.78

• a Sentech SE850 ellipsometer of Sentech Instruments GmbH under the same angle of incidence. A map of 50 measurement points with a spiral pattern was used to determine the film thickness distribution. Both systems used the same model for thickness determination, namely a Drude–Lorentzian model for

• metallic cobalt according to Ward [24] combined with a Tauc–Lorentzian model for possible occurrences of oxidised cobalt [25][26]. The film compositions were measured ex situ by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) on a PRECAV sp. Z. o. o. XPS system using a MX-650 Al X-ray source and a R3000 analyser

Prediction of cytotoxicity of heavy metals adsorbed on nano-TiO₂ with periodic table descriptors using machine learning approaches

• Joyita Roy,
• Souvik Pore and
• Kunal Roy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 939–950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.77

• algorithms and is divided into bagging and boosting algorithms. The boosting algorithm is an iterative algorithm that uses a weak model to build a strong model. Both bagging and boosting improve the prediction accuracy of weaker learners. A boosting algorithm combines many models linearly, with each new

• model depending on the previous one. In the bagging algorithm, replica data sets are generated that minimize prediction variance in machine learning. An iterative algorithm performs a series of repeated steps to gradually improve the model’s performance or to optimize a specific parameter. The

• algorithms continue to update the model’s parameters based on the training data until a certain stopping criterion is met, such as reaching an optimal solution, or a predefined number of steps are completed. This process is performed during the training of the model, where the model learns from the data by

Upscaling the urea method synthesis of CoAl layered double hydroxides

• Camilo Jaramillo-Hernández,
• Víctor Oestreicher,
• Martín Mizrahi and
• Gonzalo Abellán

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 927–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.76

• of the structural features of the scale-up samples determined by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements, the used model, and the corresponding fits can be found in Supporting Information File 1 (Figure S9 and Table S3). Thermal decomposition in both inert (nitrogen) and

Green SPIONs as a novel highly selective treatment for leishmaniasis: an in vitro study against Leishmania amazonensis intracellular amastigotes

• Brunno R. F. Verçoza,
• Robson R. Bernardo,
• Luiz Augusto S. de Oliveira and
• Juliany C. F. Rodrigues

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 893–903, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.73

• standard model for cutaneous leishmaniasis. The parasites were maintained according to previously published protocols [22]. Prussian blue staining For staining with Prussian blue (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany), promastigote and intracellular amastigotes were treated with 100 µg/mL of SPIONs for 24 h. The

Two-dimensional molecular networks at the solid/liquid interface and the role of alkyl chains in their building blocks

• Suyi Liu,
• Yasuo Norikane and
• Yoshihiro Kikkawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 872–892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.72

• on HOPG has been reported in some cases [44][45][46], but the flat-on orientation is more favorable [47][48][49]. For an example of the flat-on orientation, density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed the optimized geometry of n-dodecane adsorbed onto C96H24 as a HOPG model (Figure 2a). The

• , thus disabling STM observation [58]. Dispersion-corrected DFT calculations offered quantitative information on the interactions between n-perfluoroalkanes and circumcoronene (HOPG model) [47]. Compared to the n-alkyl chains, several disadvantages of the n-perfluoroalkyl chains can be suggested for the

• using functional organic molecules, based on the concept of nanoarchitectonics. Intermolecular interactions related to the formation of 2D assemblies at the solid/liquid interface. (a) DFT-optimized geometry of n-dodecane adsorbed on C96H24 as a HOPG model. The carbon and hydrogen atoms of adsorbed n