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Search for "nanocrystals" in Full Text gives 272 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

Nanocellulose: Recent advances and its prospects in environmental remediation

  • Katrina Pui Yee Shak,
  • Yean Ling Pang and
  • Shee Keat Mah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2479–2498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.232

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  • –SO3− functional group) (Figure 3b) showed superior Ag(I) adsorption capacity over CNC obtained via mechanical grinding. Similar to CNC extraction from cellulose, acid hydrolysis is commonly used to fabricate bacteria nanocrystals from BC microfibrils [77]. To aid in the delamination of nanofibrils in
  • nanoparticles and cellulose chains are compatible due to covalent bonds, which can improve the rigidity of the polymer chain and increase the energy required to break down the polymer chain [121]. Similar enhancement results were also obtained with cadmium sulphide (CdS) nanocrystals deposited on NCC which was
  • material in the field of membrane technology for environmental remediation will be discussed. Cellulose nanofibers and nanocrystals have been studied as membrane construction materials for wastewater treatment [146], gas
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Published 19 Sep 2018

Thickness-dependent photoelectrochemical properties of a semitransparent Co3O4 photocathode

  • Malkeshkumar Patel and
  • Joondong Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2432–2442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.228

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  • ) up to 120 μA·cm−2 at 1.23 V vs RHE. For precise observation, we provided the morphologies of the 170 nm thick Co3O4 film in Figure 4. The FESEM images clearly showed the pores (diameter 14–20 nm) and the nanocrystals (diameter 24–42 nm). Through the pores the surface area of Co3O4 film can be
  • distribution observed from the TEM image further illuminates the porous features of the Co3O4 nanocrystals and the enhanced photocurrent in the PEC cell performance. A complete cross-sectional image of the Co3O4/FTO/glass using the TEM is shown in Figure 5b. This confirms a void-free interface, which is
  • flat band to depletion condition); (c) 1.4 to 0.8 V vs RHE (covering the onset potential, which is close to the flat band potential as well as OER). Surface morphology of the 170 nm thick Co3O4 film on FTO/glass showing (a) the pores with diameters of 14–20 nm and (b) Co3O4 nanocrystals with diameters
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Published 12 Sep 2018

Two-dimensional photonic crystals increasing vertical light emission from Si nanocrystal-rich thin layers

  • Lukáš Ondič,
  • Marian Varga,
  • Ivan Pelant,
  • Alexander Kromka,
  • Karel Hruška and
  • Robert G. Elliman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2287–2296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.213

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  • into square and hexagonal pattern with lattice constants computed such that the red photoluminescence of Si nanocrystals (SiNCs) could couple to leaky modes of the PhCs and could be efficiently extracted to surrounding air. Samples having different lattice constants and heights of columns were
  • spatial collection angle of 14°. Keywords: leaky modes; photoluminescence; photonic crystals; silicon nanocrystals; Introduction Photonic and plasmonic nanostructures can be employed to manipulate light on the nanoscale [1][2][3][4]. For example, photons emitted within a thin waveguiding layer can be
  • sapphire by 40%. Thanks to recent progress in the understanding of light emission from silicon nanostructures, silicon nanocrystals (SiNCs) are envisaged as potential candidates for LEDs. SiNCs-based light-emitting devices with external quantum efficiencies up to 1.1% [19] and even up to 8.6% [20] have
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Published 24 Aug 2018

Intrinsic ultrasmall nanoscale silicon turns n-/p-type with SiO2/Si3N4-coating

  • Dirk König,
  • Daniel Hiller,
  • Noël Wilck,
  • Birger Berghoff,
  • Merlin Müller,
  • Sangeeta Thakur,
  • Giovanni Di Santo,
  • Luca Petaccia,
  • Joachim Mayer,
  • Sean Smith and
  • Joachim Knoch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2255–2264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.210

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  • [2]. The considerable broadening of dopant profiles from drain/source regions into gate areas persists [3]. Moreover, required ULSI transistor functionality and emerging applications of Si-nanocrystals (NCs) [4] unveiled additional doping issues: self-purification [5][6], suppressed dopant ionization
  • (see Supporting Information File 1). Results and Discussion h-DFT calculations of embedded Si nanocrystals, fundamentals of energy offset For evaluating the energy shift ΔE of the electronic DOS between usn-Si covered with SiO2 or Si3N4, we calculated two Si-NCs (Si10, 0.8 nm size) within one
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Published 23 Aug 2018

Lead-free hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics

  • Oleksandr Stroyuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2209–2235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.207

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  • have been employed as nanometer-thin-film light harvesters, such as Cu(Ga)InS(Se)2 or CdTe, showing a light conversion efficiency of up to 21% [1][2]. Progress in dye-sensitized solar cells (reaching ≈12% efficiency [1][2]) has stimulated attempts in using metal chalcogenide nanocrystals (NCs) as
  • nanocrystals (NCs) [16][24][28][29][30][43][50][53][54][55][56]. Recently, broad recognition was gained by 1D and 2D layered hybrid perovskite materials with strong anisotropy of electron properties. Such materials are currently treated as very promising light harvesters with highly tunable optical and charge
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Published 21 Aug 2018

Electrospun one-dimensional nanostructures: a new horizon for gas sensing materials

  • Muhammad Imran,
  • Nunzio Motta and
  • Mahnaz Shafiei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2128–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.202

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  • 180 °C. The average diameter of pure TiO2 and Pd-doped TiO2 NFs is 450 and 250 nm after calcination at 600 °C. The rough surfaces of pure TiO2 NFs convert into smooth surfaces with Pd doping. Pd-doped TiO2 NFs are densely packed with nanocrystals of diameter 20–30 nm. The Pd-doped TiO2 and pure TiO2
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Published 13 Aug 2018

Phosphorus monolayer doping (MLD) of silicon on insulator (SOI) substrates

  • Noel Kennedy,
  • Ray Duffy,
  • Luke Eaton,
  • Dan O’Connell,
  • Scott Monaghan,
  • Shane Garvey,
  • James Connolly,
  • Chris Hatem,
  • Justin D. Holmes and
  • Brenda Long

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2106–2113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.199

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  • substrates [19]. A previous work by Mastromatteo et al. [20] examining P implantation of silicon nanocrystals embedded into SiO2 attributed a similar P peak to interface effects. It is unclear as to whether the silicon to insulator interface in these SOI substrates will behave in a manner similar to that of
  • the silicon nanocrystals. In order to attain a more detailed understanding of this interface peak a more comprehensive study of this back interface would have to be undertaken. Conclusion This study has demonstrated the first application of MLD to SOI substrates. Active carrier concentration levels
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Published 06 Aug 2018

Localized photodeposition of catalysts using nanophotonic resonances in silicon photocathodes

  • Evgenia Kontoleta,
  • Sven H. C. Askes,
  • Lai-Hung Lai and
  • Erik C. Garnett

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2097–2105, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.198

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  • ][31]. An exception is the work of Li et al. [27], where charge separation was achieved at different crystal facets of BiVO4 nanocrystals for selective photodeposition of metal and metal oxide catalytic nanoparticles. Nevertheless, this method for the moment is limited to this specific material and
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Published 03 Aug 2018

Synthesis of hafnium nanoparticles and hafnium nanoparticle films by gas condensation and energetic deposition

  • Irini Michelakaki,
  • Nikos Boukos,
  • Dimitrios A. Dragatogiannis,
  • Spyros Stathopoulos,
  • Costas A. Charitidis and
  • Dimitris Tsoukalas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1868–1880, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.179

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  • to a deviation of the particle shape from the spherical shape [39]. The knowledge regarding the shape of hcp metals is very limited. Studies on hcp Ru nanocrystals revealed that they formed both truncated biprisms and hourglass shapes [51][52]. According to a recent publication of Luo et al., the
  • air. The hcp structure of the Hf NPs agrees with previous thermodynamic calculations presenting the phase diagram of Hf NPs as a function of particle size and temperature [37]. The shape of Hf NPs confirms the theoretical model proposed in a recent publication by Luo et al. for hcp nanocrystals [53
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Published 27 Jun 2018

Cryochemical synthesis of ultrasmall, highly crystalline, nanostructured metal oxides and salts

  • Elena A. Trusova and
  • Nikolai S. Trutnev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1755–1763, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.166

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  • NiO nanocrystals (4.1–4.7 nm) incorporated into the pore space of mesoporous titanium silicate [13]. We developed a method for the preparation of ultradispersed NiO based on the combination of the microemulsion method and cryochemical technology. NiO crystallites were obtained by cryotreatment of the
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Published 12 Jun 2018

Controllable one-pot synthesis of uniform colloidal TiO2 particles in a mixed solvent solution for photocatalysis

  • Jong Tae Moon,
  • Seung Ki Lee and
  • Ji Bong Joo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1715–1727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.163

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  • improve dispersion in a reactant solution, one can consider the direct use of TiO2 nanocrystals [23][24]. However, nanocrystals synthesized by a conventional solution-based method are strongly stabilized with organic capping agents, which limit the accessibility of the reactant molecule to the nanocrystal
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Published 08 Jun 2018

Sheet-on-belt branched TiO2(B)/rGO powders with enhanced photocatalytic activity

  • Huan Xing,
  • Wei Wen and
  • Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1550–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.146

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  • nanocrystals on TiO2(B) single-crystal fibrils by a two-step process [23]. Li et al. prepared a biphase TiO2 core/shell nanofiber with anatase core and TiO2(B) shell [24]. Kandiel et al. used a hydrothermal technique to synthesize TiO2(B) nanofibers simultaneously decorated with anatase nanoparticles [25]. The
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Published 24 May 2018

Photoluminescence of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots in nematic liquid crystals in electric fields

  • Margarita A. Kurochkina,
  • Elena A. Konshina and
  • Daria Khmelevskaia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1544–1549, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.145

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  • nanocrystals. These nanoparticles (NPs) of spherical shape are unique luminophores due to the dimensional dependence of the optical properties. The small dimensions of QDs (of the order of 1–10 nm) make it possible to integrate QDs relatively easily into hybrid structures and composite materials. Quantum dots
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Published 23 May 2018

Absence of free carriers in silicon nanocrystals grown from phosphorus- and boron-doped silicon-rich oxide and oxynitride

  • Daniel Hiller,
  • Julian López-Vidrier,
  • Keita Nomoto,
  • Michael Wahl,
  • Wolfgang Bock,
  • Tomáš Chlouba,
  • František Trojánek,
  • Sebastian Gutsch,
  • Margit Zacharias,
  • Dirk König,
  • Petr Malý and
  • Michael Kopnarski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1501–1511, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.141

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  • ), Kaiserslautern, Germany Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic Integrated Materials Design Centre (IMDC), University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia 10.3762/bjnano.9.141 Abstract Phosphorus- and boron-doped silicon nanocrystals (Si NCs) embedded in
  • of P- or B-atoms has severe implications for future applications of conventional impurity doping of Si in sub-10 nm technology nodes. Keywords: atom probe tomography; doping; photoluminescence; silicon nanocrystals; transient transmission; Introduction The conductivity type and free carrier
  • indicate the nearly linear dependences. The grey boxes indicate the concentration overlap regions for P- and B-doped SRO and SRON materials, respectively. (a) Atom probe tomography reconstruction of P-doped Si nanocrystals (red iso-surfaces with ≥70 atom % Si) in N-free SiO2 matrix (P-atoms: green; Si
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Published 18 May 2018

Cr(VI) remediation from aqueous environment through modified-TiO2-mediated photocatalytic reduction

  • Rashmi Acharya,
  • Brundabana Naik and
  • Kulamani Parida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1448–1470, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.137

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Published 16 May 2018

A novel copper precursor for electron beam induced deposition

  • Caspar Haverkamp,
  • George Sarau,
  • Mikhail N. Polyakov,
  • Ivo Utke,
  • Marcos V. Puydinger dos Santos,
  • Silke Christiansen and
  • Katja Höflich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1220–1227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.113

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  • pure copper nanocrystals with sizes of up to around 15 nm were dispersed inside the carbonaceous matrix. Raman investigations revealed a high degree of amorphization of the carbonaceous matrix and showed hints for partial copper oxidation taking place selectively on the surfaces of the deposits
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Published 18 Apr 2018

Room-temperature single-photon emitters in titanium dioxide optical defects

  • Kelvin Chung,
  • Yu H. Leung,
  • Chap H. To,
  • Aleksandra B. Djurišić and
  • Snjezana Tomljenovic-Hanic

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1085–1094, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.100

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  • ]. The defects are responsible for visible photoluminescence (PL) in TiO2 and have been observed in thin films [39][40][41], nanocrystals/nanoparticles [42][43][44][45][46][47], nanorods [48], nanotubes [49][50][51], nanosheets [52], nanoribbons [53] and fibres [54]. In material sciences, the PL spectrum
  • attributed their visible emission to surface states originating from oxygen vacancies associated with Ti3+ ions. The work of Zhang et al. [42] on anatase nanocrystals fabricated through a chemical process could not conclude definitively the origin of their broad visible emission band centred around 578 nm
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Published 04 Apr 2018

Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations

  • Jaison Jeevanandam,
  • Ahmed Barhoum,
  • Yen S. Chan,
  • Alain Dufresne and
  • Michael K. Danquah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1050–1074, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.98

Graphical Abstract
  • nanocrystals [178] and Ag NPs [179], respectively, as shown in Figure 5A. Recently, it was found that the spores of bacteria such as Bacillus anthracis on the nanoscale can cause food contamination and contagious diseases [180]. Similarly, a list of autotrophic plants and heterotrophic microbes that help in
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Published 03 Apr 2018

Fatigue crack growth characteristics of Fe and Ni under cyclic loading using a quasi-continuum method

  • Ren-Zheng Qiu,
  • Yi-Chen Lin and
  • Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1000–1014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.93

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  • finally leads to fracture, which is referred to as fatigue. The fatigue behavior of structures is an important topic in fracture mechanics as fatigue failure is one of the major causes of accidents. Hence, it is imperative to investigate the fatigue cracking mechanism of nanocrystals for developing good
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Published 27 Mar 2018

Bioinspired self-healing materials: lessons from nature

  • Joseph C. Cremaldi and
  • Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 907–935, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.85

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Published 19 Mar 2018

Mechanistic insights into plasmonic photocatalysts in utilizing visible light

  • Kah Hon Leong,
  • Azrina Abd Aziz,
  • Lan Ching Sim,
  • Pichiah Saravanan,
  • Min Jang and
  • Detlef Bahnemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 628–648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.59

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  • , tungsten oxide (WO3–δ) nanocrystals showed intense NIR absorption with an LSPR peak at ≈900 nm [138]. The plasmonic resonance of semiconductors could be manipulated by tuning the stoichiometric composition, dopant concentration, or phase transitions [139][140]. The manipulation of the stoichiometric ratio
  • of semiconductors could increase the free-charge density and promote the LSPR arising from collective oscillations of excess free charges on semiconductor surface, thus enhancing the NIR absorption abilities [141][142]. Interestingly, Cu2–xSe nanocrystals (NCs) showed distinct NIR plasmon band due to
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Published 19 Feb 2018

Fabrication and photoactivity of ionic liquid–TiO2 structures for efficient visible-light-induced photocatalytic decomposition of organic pollutants in aqueous phase

  • Anna Gołąbiewska,
  • Marta Paszkiewicz-Gawron,
  • Aleksandra Sadzińska,
  • Wojciech Lisowski,
  • Ewelina Grabowska,
  • Adriana Zaleska-Medynska and
  • Justyna Łuczak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 580–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.54

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  • Table 2. The average crystal size values of the IL–TiO2 composites generally increased with the addition of ILs in comparison to pristine TiO2. This could suggest that the addition of ILs during the preparation of TiO2 affects the growth of the anatase nanocrystals, forming microparticles. Similar
  • a solvothermal method assisted by ionic liquids, such as 1-methyl-3-tetradecylimidazolium or 1-methyl-3-octadecylimidazolium chlorides. The ionic liquids introduced into the reaction environment work as structure-controlling agents, providing TiO2 microparticles (composed of nanocrystals) with a
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Published 14 Feb 2018

Influence of the preparation method on the photocatalytic activity of Nd-modified TiO2

  • Patrycja Parnicka,
  • Paweł Mazierski,
  • Tomasz Grzyb,
  • Wojciech Lisowski,
  • Ewa Kowalska,
  • Bunsho Ohtani,
  • Adriana Zaleska-Medynska and
  • Joanna Nadolna

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 447–459, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.43

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  • treatments in combination with the sol–gel method (sol–hydrothermal method) provide an alternative approach for preparing TiO2. During the preparation, before the hydrothermal process, a sol is obtained, which may prevent the agglomeration of the nanocrystals [26]. However, information regarding the
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Published 06 Feb 2018

Facile synthesis of ZnFe2O4 photocatalysts for decolourization of organic dyes under solar irradiation

  • Arjun Behera,
  • Debasmita Kandi,
  • Sanjit Manohar Majhi,
  • Satyabadi Martha and
  • Kulamani Parida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 436–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.42

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  • XRD is carried out to identify the crystal structure, phase purity and crystallinity of the materials. Figure 1 presents the XRD patterns of the ZnFe2O4 samples calcined at different temperatures. The material prepared at 400 °C did not ZnFe2O4 nanocrystals because the activation temperature is not
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Published 05 Feb 2018

Electron interaction with copper(II) carboxylate compounds

  • Michal Lacko,
  • Peter Papp,
  • Iwona B. Szymańska,
  • Edward Szłyk and
  • Štefan Matejčík

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 384–398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.38

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  • nanocrystals dispersed in a polymeric carbonaceous matrix, which contains all the ligand elements: carbon, oxygen, fluorine and silicone [29][30]. Therefore, new copper FEBID precursors are still necessary. When designing such new precursors, it should be considered that copper(II) derivatives are more user
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Published 01 Feb 2018
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