Localized photodeposition of catalysts using nanophotonic resonances in silicon photocathodes

• Evgenia Kontoleta,
• Sven H. C. Askes,
• Lai-Hung Lai and
• Erik C. Garnett

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2097–2105, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.198

• ][31]. An exception is the work of Li et al. [27], where charge separation was achieved at different crystal facets of BiVO4 nanocrystals for selective photodeposition of metal and metal oxide catalytic nanoparticles. Nevertheless, this method for the moment is limited to this specific material and

Synthesis of hafnium nanoparticles and hafnium nanoparticle films by gas condensation and energetic deposition

• Irini Michelakaki,
• Nikos Boukos,
• Dimitrios A. Dragatogiannis,
• Spyros Stathopoulos,
• Costas A. Charitidis and
• Dimitris Tsoukalas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1868–1880, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.179

• to a deviation of the particle shape from the spherical shape [39]. The knowledge regarding the shape of hcp metals is very limited. Studies on hcp Ru nanocrystals revealed that they formed both truncated biprisms and hourglass shapes [51][52]. According to a recent publication of Luo et al., the

• air. The hcp structure of the Hf NPs agrees with previous thermodynamic calculations presenting the phase diagram of Hf NPs as a function of particle size and temperature [37]. The shape of Hf NPs confirms the theoretical model proposed in a recent publication by Luo et al. for hcp nanocrystals [53

Cryochemical synthesis of ultrasmall, highly crystalline, nanostructured metal oxides and salts

• Elena A. Trusova and
• Nikolai S. Trutnev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1755–1763, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.166

• NiO nanocrystals (4.1–4.7 nm) incorporated into the pore space of mesoporous titanium silicate [13]. We developed a method for the preparation of ultradispersed NiO based on the combination of the microemulsion method and cryochemical technology. NiO crystallites were obtained by cryotreatment of the

Controllable one-pot synthesis of uniform colloidal TiO₂ particles in a mixed solvent solution for photocatalysis

• Jong Tae Moon,
• Seung Ki Lee and
• Ji Bong Joo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1715–1727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.163

• improve dispersion in a reactant solution, one can consider the direct use of TiO2 nanocrystals [23][24]. However, nanocrystals synthesized by a conventional solution-based method are strongly stabilized with organic capping agents, which limit the accessibility of the reactant molecule to the nanocrystal

Sheet-on-belt branched TiO₂(B)/rGO powders with enhanced photocatalytic activity

• Huan Xing,
• Wei Wen and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1550–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.146

• nanocrystals on TiO2(B) single-crystal fibrils by a two-step process [23]. Li et al. prepared a biphase TiO2 core/shell nanofiber with anatase core and TiO2(B) shell [24]. Kandiel et al. used a hydrothermal technique to synthesize TiO2(B) nanofibers simultaneously decorated with anatase nanoparticles [25]. The

Photoluminescence of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots in nematic liquid crystals in electric fields

• Margarita A. Kurochkina,
• Elena A. Konshina and
• Daria Khmelevskaia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1544–1549, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.145

• nanocrystals. These nanoparticles (NPs) of spherical shape are unique luminophores due to the dimensional dependence of the optical properties. The small dimensions of QDs (of the order of 1–10 nm) make it possible to integrate QDs relatively easily into hybrid structures and composite materials. Quantum dots

Absence of free carriers in silicon nanocrystals grown from phosphorus- and boron-doped silicon-rich oxide and oxynitride

• Daniel Hiller,
• Julian López-Vidrier,
• Keita Nomoto,
• Michael Wahl,
• Wolfgang Bock,
• Tomáš Chlouba,
• František Trojánek,
• Sebastian Gutsch,
• Margit Zacharias,
• Dirk König,
• Petr Malý and
• Michael Kopnarski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1501–1511, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.141

• ), Kaiserslautern, Germany Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic Integrated Materials Design Centre (IMDC), University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia 10.3762/bjnano.9.141 Abstract Phosphorus- and boron-doped silicon nanocrystals (Si NCs) embedded in

• of P- or B-atoms has severe implications for future applications of conventional impurity doping of Si in sub-10 nm technology nodes. Keywords: atom probe tomography; doping; photoluminescence; silicon nanocrystals; transient transmission; Introduction The conductivity type and free carrier

• indicate the nearly linear dependences. The grey boxes indicate the concentration overlap regions for P- and B-doped SRO and SRON materials, respectively. (a) Atom probe tomography reconstruction of P-doped Si nanocrystals (red iso-surfaces with ≥70 atom % Si) in N-free SiO2 matrix (P-atoms: green; Si

Cr(VI) remediation from aqueous environment through modified-TiO₂-mediated photocatalytic reduction

• Rashmi Acharya,
• Brundabana Naik and
• Kulamani Parida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1448–1470, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.137

A novel copper precursor for electron beam induced deposition

• Caspar Haverkamp,
• George Sarau,
• Mikhail N. Polyakov,
• Ivo Utke,
• Marcos V. Puydinger dos Santos,
• Silke Christiansen and
• Katja Höflich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1220–1227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.113

• pure copper nanocrystals with sizes of up to around 15 nm were dispersed inside the carbonaceous matrix. Raman investigations revealed a high degree of amorphization of the carbonaceous matrix and showed hints for partial copper oxidation taking place selectively on the surfaces of the deposits

Room-temperature single-photon emitters in titanium dioxide optical defects

• Kelvin Chung,
• Yu H. Leung,
• Chap H. To,
• Aleksandra B. Djurišić and
• Snjezana Tomljenovic-Hanic

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1085–1094, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.100

• ]. The defects are responsible for visible photoluminescence (PL) in TiO2 and have been observed in thin films [39][40][41], nanocrystals/nanoparticles [42][43][44][45][46][47], nanorods [48], nanotubes [49][50][51], nanosheets [52], nanoribbons [53] and fibres [54]. In material sciences, the PL spectrum

• attributed their visible emission to surface states originating from oxygen vacancies associated with Ti3+ ions. The work of Zhang et al. [42] on anatase nanocrystals fabricated through a chemical process could not conclude definitively the origin of their broad visible emission band centred around 578 nm

Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations

• Jaison Jeevanandam,
• Ahmed Barhoum,
• Yen S. Chan,
• Alain Dufresne and
• Michael K. Danquah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1050–1074, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.98

• nanocrystals [178] and Ag NPs [179], respectively, as shown in Figure 5A. Recently, it was found that the spores of bacteria such as Bacillus anthracis on the nanoscale can cause food contamination and contagious diseases [180]. Similarly, a list of autotrophic plants and heterotrophic microbes that help in

Fatigue crack growth characteristics of Fe and Ni under cyclic loading using a quasi-continuum method

• Ren-Zheng Qiu,
• Yi-Chen Lin and
• Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1000–1014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.93

• finally leads to fracture, which is referred to as fatigue. The fatigue behavior of structures is an important topic in fracture mechanics as fatigue failure is one of the major causes of accidents. Hence, it is imperative to investigate the fatigue cracking mechanism of nanocrystals for developing good

Bioinspired self-healing materials: lessons from nature

• Joseph C. Cremaldi and
• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 907–935, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.85

Mechanistic insights into plasmonic photocatalysts in utilizing visible light

• Kah Hon Leong,
• Azrina Abd Aziz,
• Lan Ching Sim,
• Pichiah Saravanan,
• Min Jang and
• Detlef Bahnemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 628–648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.59

• , tungsten oxide (WO3–δ) nanocrystals showed intense NIR absorption with an LSPR peak at ≈900 nm [138]. The plasmonic resonance of semiconductors could be manipulated by tuning the stoichiometric composition, dopant concentration, or phase transitions [139][140]. The manipulation of the stoichiometric ratio

• of semiconductors could increase the free-charge density and promote the LSPR arising from collective oscillations of excess free charges on semiconductor surface, thus enhancing the NIR absorption abilities [141][142]. Interestingly, Cu2–xSe nanocrystals (NCs) showed distinct NIR plasmon band due to

Fabrication and photoactivity of ionic liquid–TiO₂ structures for efficient visible-light-induced photocatalytic decomposition of organic pollutants in aqueous phase

• Anna Gołąbiewska,
• Marta Paszkiewicz-Gawron,
• Aleksandra Sadzińska,
• Wojciech Lisowski,
• Ewelina Grabowska,
• Adriana Zaleska-Medynska and
• Justyna Łuczak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 580–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.54

• Table 2. The average crystal size values of the IL–TiO2 composites generally increased with the addition of ILs in comparison to pristine TiO2. This could suggest that the addition of ILs during the preparation of TiO2 affects the growth of the anatase nanocrystals, forming microparticles. Similar

• a solvothermal method assisted by ionic liquids, such as 1-methyl-3-tetradecylimidazolium or 1-methyl-3-octadecylimidazolium chlorides. The ionic liquids introduced into the reaction environment work as structure-controlling agents, providing TiO2 microparticles (composed of nanocrystals) with a

Influence of the preparation method on the photocatalytic activity of Nd-modified TiO₂

• Patrycja Parnicka,
• Paweł Mazierski,
• Tomasz Grzyb,
• Wojciech Lisowski,
• Ewa Kowalska,
• Bunsho Ohtani,
• Adriana Zaleska-Medynska and
• Joanna Nadolna

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 447–459, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.43

• treatments in combination with the sol–gel method (sol–hydrothermal method) provide an alternative approach for preparing TiO2. During the preparation, before the hydrothermal process, a sol is obtained, which may prevent the agglomeration of the nanocrystals [26]. However, information regarding the

Facile synthesis of ZnFe₂O₄ photocatalysts for decolourization of organic dyes under solar irradiation

• Arjun Behera,
• Debasmita Kandi,
• Sanjit Manohar Majhi,
• Satyabadi Martha and
• Kulamani Parida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 436–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.42

• XRD is carried out to identify the crystal structure, phase purity and crystallinity of the materials. Figure 1 presents the XRD patterns of the ZnFe2O4 samples calcined at different temperatures. The material prepared at 400 °C did not ZnFe2O4 nanocrystals because the activation temperature is not

Electron interaction with copper(II) carboxylate compounds

• Michal Lacko,
• Peter Papp,
• Iwona B. Szymańska,
• Edward Szłyk and
• Štefan Matejčík

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 384–398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.38

• nanocrystals dispersed in a polymeric carbonaceous matrix, which contains all the ligand elements: carbon, oxygen, fluorine and silicone [29][30]. Therefore, new copper FEBID precursors are still necessary. When designing such new precursors, it should be considered that copper(II) derivatives are more user

Photocatalytic and adsorption properties of TiO₂-pillared montmorillonite obtained by hydrothermally activated intercalation of titanium polyhydroxo complexes

• Mikhail F. Butman,
• Nikolay L. Ovchinnikov,
• Nikita S. Karasev,
• Nataliya E. Kochkina,
• Alexander V. Agafonov and
• Alexandr V. Vinogradov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 364–378, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.36

• crystallinity (nanocrystals) representing a mixture of anatase and rutile phases. The structures exhibit improved adsorption and photocatalytic activity as a result of hydrothermally activated intercalation of titanium polyhydroxo complexes (i.e., TiCl4 hydrolysis products) in a solution with a concentration

• , consists in carrying out a reaction of exchanging the interlayer cations of MM for positively charged titanium polyhydroxo complexes or TiO2 sol particles and subsequent thermal treatment to yield metal oxide nanocrystals (pillars) in the interlayer space of MM [3][5]. Pillarization of MM results in an

Nanoparticle delivery to metastatic breast cancer cells by nanoengineered mesenchymal stem cells

• Liga Saulite,
• Karlis Pleiko,
• Ineta Popena,
• Dominyka Dapkute,
• Ricardas Rotomskis and
• Una Riekstina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 321–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.32

• nanoparticle transfer between stromal and cancer cells in close spatial proximity. QDs are semiconductor nanocrystals with improved light emission, signal brightness, and resistance to photobleaching, thus making them a suitable imaging agent for the modelling of nanoparticle transfer [22]. The aim of the

Co-reductive fabrication of carbon nanodots with high quantum yield for bioimaging of bacteria

• Jiajun Wang,
• Xia Liu,
• Gesmi Milcovich,
• Tzu-Yu Chen,
• Edel Durack,
• Sarah Mallen,
• Yongming Ruan,
• Xuexiang Weng and
• Sarah P. Hudson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 137–145, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.16

• medicine. Within this class of materials, carbon nanodots (C-dots) are deemed a major breakthrough for the development of fluorescent nanomaterials. They are a promising alternative to fluorescent inorganic semiconductor nanocrystals and organic dyes due to their chemical stability, good dispersibility in

Comparative study of post-growth annealing of Cu(hfac)₂, Co₂(CO)₈ and Me₂Au(acac) metal precursors deposited by FEBID

• Marcos V. Puydinger dos Santos,
• Aleksandra Szkudlarek,
• Artur Rydosz,
• Carlos Guerra-Nuñez,
• Fanny Béron,
• Kleber R. Pirota,
• Stanislav Moshkalev,
• José Alexandre Diniz and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 91–101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.11

• , the post-growth annealing results differed. Cu-containing deposits showed the formation of pure Cu nanocrystals at the outer surface of the initial deposit for temperatures above 100 °C, due to the migration of Cu atoms from the carbonaceous matrix containing carbon, oxygen, and fluorine atoms. The

• materials. We present the potential of this protocol with respect to the aforementioned works for the fabrication of pure copper and gold nanocrystals embedded in a graphitic matrix, as well as cobalt–carbon nanocomposite films, from the as-prepared amorphous metal–C deposit. Finally, a new H2-assisted Au–C

• disordered carbon band, D (1350 cm−1), as well as the graphitic band, G (1580 cm−1). Partial thermally-induced conversion of an amorphous carbon matrix into graphite nanocrystals in the FEBID material is indicated through (d) the shift of the G band peak position as a function of annealing temperature, as

Growth model and structure evolution of Ag layers deposited on Ge films

• Arkadiusz Ciesielski,
• Lukasz Skowronski,
• Ewa Górecka,
• Jakub Kierdaszuk and
• Tomasz Szoplik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 66–76, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.9

• [15], and for thicker layers, the height of the nanocrystals may be even greater. In a recent work [4], we have modeled a 35 nm thick silver layer with a smooth surface to determine its optical parameters and we had a good agreement with the experimental data, therefore, we can assume that such a

• structure of the silver layer grown on Ge wetting film is illustrated in Figure 4. Large and flat nanocrystals are formed at the SiO2/Ge/Ag interface, and the in-plane grain size decreases with increasing vertical distance from the silica substrate. Decreasing size of Ag grains with growing distance from

• the substrate explains why the segregation of germanium in the silver structure occurs at an increasing rate. Ge atoms present in the boundaries of smaller nanocrystals have more neighboring crystals, what lowers the free enthalpy of such atoms. The opposite process, i.e., migration of Ge atoms from

A robust AFM-based method for locally measuring the elasticity of samples

• Alexandre Bubendorf,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Thomas Schimmel and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1–10, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.1

• ]. In physics, the band gap size of nanocrystals and the presence of planar defects on nanotubes are a function of the Young’s modulus [2][3]. Probing local elasticity requires an instrumentation capable of operating with high resolution and under different conditions, such as variable temperature

CdSe nanorod/TiO₂ nanoparticle heterojunctions with enhanced solar- and visible-light photocatalytic activity

• Fakher Laatar,
• Hatem Moussa,
• Halima Alem,
• Lavinia Balan,
• Emilien Girot,
• Ghouti Medjahdi,
• Hatem Ezzaouia and
• Raphaël Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2741–2752, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.273

• eV) and its band energies are located at relatively low potential. Despite the large number of reports describing the sensitization of TiO2 (used in the form of spherical particles, films, wires, tubes, etc.) with CdSe nanocrystals (generally quantum dots or spherical nanoclusters) [9][10][11][12][13