Effect of repeating hydrothermal growth processes and rapid thermal annealing on CuO thin film properties

• Monika Ozga,
• Eunika Zielony,
• Aleksandra Wierzbicka,
• Anna Wolska,
• Marcin Klepka,
• Marek Godlewski,
• Bogdan J. Kowalski and
• Bartłomiej S. Witkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 743–754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.62

• properties of these layers and to attain the desired parameters in the final product. Controlled thermal treatment serves various purposes, such as enabling crystal structure relaxation, defect reduction, and enhancement of the films’ crystalline arrangement. Furthermore, it can lead to improved electrical

• system [52]. Both of these mechanisms contribute to an increase in grain size with each successive repetition of the HT+RTA cycle. Another consequence of thermal processing is a change in the surface structure. SEM images reveal that the number of sequencing cycles affects the continuity of the films

• procedure. It demonstrates homogeneity without a notable dominance of hills or valleys. The structural properties of the CuO films were evaluated using XRD and Raman spectroscopy. The XRD diffractograms (Figure 4A) exhibit well-defined reflections that correspond to the polycrystalline monoclinic structure

Level set simulation of focused ion beam sputtering of a multilayer substrate

• Alexander V. Rumyantsev,
• Nikolai I. Borgardt,
• Roman L. Volkov and
• Yuri A. Chaplygin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 733–742, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.61

• , and their cross sections were visualized in scanning transmission electron microscopy images. The superimposition of the calculated structure profiles onto the images showed a satisfactory agreement between simulation and experimental results. In the case of boxes that were prepared with an asymmetric

• cross section, the simulation can accurately predict the depth and shape of the structures, but there is some inaccuracy in reproducing the form of the left sidewall of the structure with a large amount of the redeposited material. To further validate the developed simulation approach and gain a better

• semiconductor heterostructures [13]. Metal and dielectric layers can be used as hard masks for achieving high resolution and throughput of the FIB nanofabrication process [14]. Modification of integrated circuits [15] is an industrially relevant application of multilayer structure processing. Effective

Simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine at a TiO₂/graphene quantum dot-modified electrode

• Vu Ngoc Hoang,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Le Vu Truong Son,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Vo Thang Nguyen,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Ly Hoang Diem,
• Kieu Chan Ly,
• Ho Sy Thang and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 719–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.60

• storage derived from their conjugate structure makes them effectively utilizable over the full light spectrum [13][14]. GQDs can be prepared through solvothermal/hydrothermal processes or carbonization from suitable organic molecules (polymers or biomass) [15]. Biomass waste (e.g., agricultural residues

• suspensions. The UV–vis spectra show absorbance bands from 200–400 nm that are typical for the colloidal systems with nanoscale particles [24][25]. The UV–vis spectrum of GQDs shows a characteristic feature of GO at ≈300 nm due to the absorption of the graphitic structure [26], while that of titanium

• of graphene. The broad nature of the diffraction peak is due to the structure of GQDs containing only few layers of graphene sheets [27]. The XRD pattern of TiO2/GQDs in solid form (dried at 100 °C for 3 h) exhibits characteristic peaks of anatase at 2θ = 25.6°, 38.1°, and 48.3°, corresponding to the

Reduced subthreshold swing in a vertical tunnel FET using a low-work-function live metal strip and a low-k material at the drain

• Kalai Selvi Kanagarajan and
• Dhanalakshmi Krishnan Sadhasivan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 713–718, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.59

• research paper, a vertical tunnel field-effect transistor (TFET) structure containing a live metal strip and a material with low dielectric constant is designed, and its performance metrics are analyzed in detail. Low-k SiO2 is incorporated in the channel–drain region. A live molybdenum metal strip with

• silicon, a low leakage current, and a lattice parameter that is close to that of silicon with a modest lattice misfit (ca. 5%) [11]. In this paper, a published VTFET structure is taken for comparison [12]. A large tunnel area and a thin channel enhance the device metrics [13]. In contrast to the

• in an increased flow of i(t) in the device. In the drain–channel region, low-k SiO2 is used. This not only reduces the drain region but also reduces the charge held in the parallel-plate capacitor (gate–drain). Hence, it reduces the undesirable Cgd. Device structure, parameters, and simulation models

Elastic modulus of β-Ga₂O₃ nanowires measured by resonance and three-point bending techniques

• Annamarija Trausa,
• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Tauno Tiirats,
• Andreas Kyritsakis,
• Boris Polyakov and
• Edgars Butanovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 704–712, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.58

• peaks are associated with monoclinic β-Ga2O3 (ICDD-PDF #41–1103), as indicated in Figure 1a, while the Bragg peak at around 33 degrees corresponds to the Si substrate (forbidden Si(200) reflection). Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to study the inner crystalline structure of

• the length and width of NWs for three-point bending were measured in SEM, the heights were taken from the topography data obtained by AFM in the adhered parts of the NW at each end. In Figure 5a, an SEM image captures the morphology of a Ga2O3 NW positioned over an inverted pyramid structure. Notably

• information on the crystalline structure of NWs. Fast Fourier transformation was performed on the obtained TEM images to determine crystalline orientations. The structure was also analysed using XRD on a Rigaku MiniFlex 600 X-ray powder diffractometer. The measurements were conducted in Bragg–Brentano θ/2θ

Enhancing higher-order modal response in multifrequency atomic force microscopy with a coupled cantilever system

• Wendong Sun,
• Jianqiang Qian,
• Yingzi Li,
• Yanan Chen,
• Zhipeng Dou,
• Rui Lin,
• Peng Cheng,
• Xiaodong Gao,
• Quan Yuan and
• Yifan Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 694–703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.57

• imaging. The structure of this model is simple, eliminating the need for micromachining of the cantilever, resulting in low cost, and facilitating widespread utilization. However, previous studies have only focused on theoretical analysis and preliminary simulations under ideal conditions. The enhancement

• applied the bridge/cantilever coupled structure to microcantilevers with different sizes and found that the modal vibration shapes were all in accordance with the vibration characteristics of the coupled system; also, the modal frequencies and higher-order modal responses were enhanced. This indicates

Gold nanomakura: nanoarchitectonics and their photothermal response in association with carrageenan hydrogels

• Nabojit Das,
• Vikas,
• Akash Kumar,
• Sanjeev Soni and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 678–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.56

• -centred cubic lattice structure of metallic gold [26]. The peaks are also consistent with the Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standard (JCPDS 04-0784) [27]. Among the obtained diffraction peaks, the peak at 38.2° exhibited maximum intensity. The composition of gold was also confirmed through

• can be seen differential UPD of AgNO3 along with the micellar structure arrangement of the surfactant which led to the generation of nanomakura-shaped nanoparticles. Seed-mediated and seedless synthesis of gold nanorods (AuNRs) In this experiment, two different approaches were adopted for synthesizing

• the quaternary ammonium group of the same family (CTAB, MTAB, and DTAB) were used for synthesis. The anisotropic structure reported in this work resembles nanomakura gold nanoparticles as reported elsewhere for the first time [12]. However, the synthesis reported in this work is conspicuously

Functional fibrillar interfaces: Biological hair as inspiration across scales

• Guillermo J. Amador,
• Brett Klaassen van Oorschot,
• Caiying Liao,
• Jianing Wu and
• Da Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.55

• length scales. Keywords: adhesion; fibers; fluid–structure interactions; mastigonemes; mechanosensing; setae; wettability; Introduction Given the bottom-up approach that biology uses to create materials, fibrous structures formed by molecular chains are found everywhere. For example, internally in the

• loose yet intuitive. First, a structure must be on the exterior of an organism to be considered as “hair”. This excludes the internal one-dimensional structures such as microfilaments, veins, or bones. Second, in the definition presented here, “hairs” need to be passive, that is, the high-aspect-ratio

• body, varying in size and structure. Figure 1B–D show examples of various hairs found in mammals, insects, and micro-algae, respectively. Depending on their location and configuration, hairs serve a multitude of functions that can contribute to an organism’s homeostasis. The diversity of their function

Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

• reactions are needed. Furthermore, properties such as surface structure or crystallinity can be tailored by adjusting experimental conditions while retaining the initial chemical composition of the educt material [13]. LSPC can be classified into the method variants of laser ablation in liquid (LAL), laser

• stabilizing the nanoparticles’ glass structure [65]. While these reviews consider at least in part the chemical reactions occurring in organic liquids, they focus on specific topics. Thus, this perspective article aims to survey the current state of knowledge on the laser-based synthesis of colloidal

• an accumulation of anions in the Helmholtz layer indicated by zeta potential measurements. Scaramuzza et al., in contrast, investigated non-ionic additives and their influence on structure and composition during the ablation of metastable AuFe alloys [20]. They used ethanol and water as solvents and

Exfoliation of titanium nitride using a non-thermal plasma process

• Priscila Jussiane Zambiazi,
• Dolores Ribeiro Ricci Lazar,
• Larissa Otubo,
• Rodrigo Fernando Brambilla de Souza,
• Almir Oliveira Neto and
• Cecilia Chaves Guedes-Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 631–637, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.53

• . Remarkably, the cubic crystal structure of TiN was effectively retained, while the (200) crystal plane d-spacing increased from 2.08 to 3.09 Å, accompanied by a reduction in crystallite size and alterations in Raman vibrational modes. Collectively, these findings provide compelling evidence for the

• materials by exfoliating massive materials. Hot electrons are shot into the crystal structure and cause repulsion between layers, resulting in few-layered 2D materials. Souza and coworkers [17] successfully demonstrated the production of few-layer hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets, starting from bulk boron

• powders using a rapid and promising technique involving a NTP generator, previously employed for synthesizing ultrathin BN nanosheets [17]. This method was selected for its potential to yield ultrathin nanosheets while preserving the original crystal structure of TiN. Experimental The TiN nanosheets were

Comparative analysis of the ultrastructure and adhesive secretion pathways of different smooth attachment pads of the stick insect Medauroidea extradentata (Phasmatodea)

• Julian Thomas,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 612–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.52

• , Netherlands) and Affinity Designer (Serif, Nottingham, UK). Results Tarsal structure The structure of the tarsus of M. extradentata was observed using CLSM and SEM (Figure 1B,C). It comprises five tarsomeres (ta 1–5) and the pretarsus. Tarsomeres one to four (ta 1–4) each bear a pair of euplantulae (eu 1–4

• ) at their distal ends. The pretarsus features the arolium (ar) situated between a pair of claws (cl). The euplantulae, the cuticle between them, and the arolium bear a rather smooth surface structure. The remaining surface of the tarsomeres, where no attachment pads are situated, is covered with setae

• (Figure 1B). Arolium structure The pretarsus of M. extradentata is 500 µm wide and 400 µm long. The ventral face of the arolium consists of a thickened layer of fibrous cuticle composing the actual smooth attachment pad (ap) [1]. Toluidine blue staining resulted in a blue hue of the attachment pad

AFM-IR investigation of thin PECVD SiO_x films on a polypropylene substrate in the surface-sensitive mode

• Hendrik Müller,
• Hartmut Stadler,
• Teresa de los Arcos,
• Adrian Keller and
• Guido Grundmeier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 603–611, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.51

• papers [1][3][9][10]. A general restriction of AFM-IR is its rather large depth of information, which depends on the sample structure and the chosen measurement mode such as contact mode or tapping mode. In general, the incident IR light excites a large volume of material beneath the AFM tip, and the tip

Radiofrequency enhances drug release from responsive nanoflowers for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy

• Yanyan Wen,
• Ningning Song,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Weiwei Wu,
• Qixiong Lin,
• Minjie Cui,
• Rongrong Li,
• Qiufeng Yu,
• Sixue Wu,
• Yongkang Liang,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 569–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.49

• through the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, thereby extending the drug circulation time and improving its accumulation and effective release within tumors [9][22][23]. The newly developed class of nanoparticles with a structure similar to that of plant flowers is called nanoflowers (NFs

• ). The special structure of nanoflowers improves the stability and efficiency of the surface reaction [24]. Furthermore, prior research has verified that radiofrequency (RF) hyperthermia can significantly improve the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy at approximately 42 °C [25][26][27

• ° (400), 53.4° (422), 56.9° (511), and 62.7° (440) are consistent with the face-centered cubic structure of Fe3O4 (PDF#19-0629). The XRD pattern of CUR shows amorphous halos at about 20° to 30°. New broad amorphous halos of greater intensity appeared at approximately 20° to 30°, indicating the presence

Directed growth of quinacridone chains on the vicinal Ag(35 1 1) surface

• Niklas Humberg,
• Lukas Grönwoldt and
• Moritz Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 556–568, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.48

• SPIP [29], which included filtering out noise and an adjustment of the contrast. Additionally, to some images, a Prewitt or Roberts filter for edge enhancement was applied in order to enhance the visibility of the step edges. The structure models were drawn with the free software Graphics Layout Engine

• ] direction. In this work, we use the 2D unit cell of the Ag(100) terraces for reference. The corresponding [10] and [01] unit cell vectors are illustrated in Figure 1. These two orientations correspond to the [011] and the directions of the bulk crystal structure, respectively. In the LEED images

• chain that grows across the step edge with all individual molecules being distinguishable. The red circle shows a chain with a discontinuity in the periodic structure, leading to a lateral offset between the two parts of the chain at the step edge. The chain in the middle of the inset (not marked by a

On the additive artificial intelligence-based discovery of nanoparticle neurodegenerative disease drug delivery systems

• Shan He,
• Julen Segura Abarrategi,
• Harbil Bediaga,
• Sonia Arrasate and
• Humberto González-Díaz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 535–555, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.47

• similar systems to this research work such as NP systems, taking into account NP structure and coating agents, synthesis conditions of NPs and loaded drugs, cancer co-therapy drugs, or assay conditions [53][54][55][56][57]. Here we developed IFPTML models for the proposal of N2D3Ss containing NDD and NP

• = [Dd1, Dd2, Dd3] in order to define the chemical structure of the NDD compound. Specifically, we used two types of molecular descriptor for the i-th compound, namely Dd1 = logarithm of the n-octanol/water partition coefficient (LOGPi) and Dd2 = topological polar surface area (PSAi). The detailed

• obtained the values ΔDdk(cdj) and ΔDnk(cnj) of the respective moving average deviation PTOs. The NDD vector lists each element Ddk = [Dd1, Dd2]. Precisely, these elements are the NDD structural descriptors, which have enabled the development of various strategies to characterize and classify the structure

Cholesterol nanoarchaeosomes for alendronate targeted delivery as an anti-endothelial dysfunction agent

• Horacio Emanuel Jerez,
• Yamila Roxana Simioni,
• Kajal Ghosal,
• Maria Jose Morilla and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 517–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.46

• ALN on endothelial cells. This is important because the access of ALN in therapeutically realistic concentrations to the inflamed endothelium is limited to microenvironments exhibiting the abnormal presence of hydroxyapatite in the vessel structure. ALN associates with great affinity to this mineral

• identical micromolar concentration, in contrast, had no anti-inflammatory effect [29]. Although macrophages are cells specialized in phagocytizing, and endothelial cells make up the structure of the vasculature and maintain a complex state of vigilance to blood signals, similarities between both cell types

• nanoarchaeosome (nanoARC-Chol (ALN)). (B) Structure of phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester (PGP-Me). (C) Structure of the four polar archaeolipids composing the total polar lipids from H. tebenquichense. HUVEC viability upon nanovesicle uptake. Viability upon 24 h of incubation with (A) void nanovesicles

Electron-induced deposition using Fe(CO)₄MA and Fe(CO)₅ – effect of MA ligand and process conditions

• Hannah Boeckers,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Petra Martinović,
• Amy V. Walker,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 500–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.45

Aero-ZnS prepared by physical vapor transport on three-dimensional networks of sacrificial ZnO microtetrapods

• Veaceslav Ursaki,
• Tudor Braniste,
• Victor Zalamai,
• Emil Rusu,
• Vladimir Ciobanu,
• Vadim Morari,
• Daniel Podgornii,
• Pier Carlo Ricci,
• Rainer Adelung and
• Ion Tiginyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 490–499, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.44

• sensor applications. Keywords: aeromaterial; crystallographic structure; luminescence; physical vapor transport; scanning electron microscopy (SEM); X-ray diffraction (XRD); Introduction Porous materials represent a class of solid-state networks widely used in adsorptive and photocatalytic removal of

• . 05-0566 [29][30] and to a tetragonal rutile cassiterite SnO2 phase according to PDF 21-1250 and JCPDS card no. 41-1445 [31][32]. Whole powder pattern fitting (WPPF) weight fraction analysis revealed that the ZnS phase is 100% of zinc blende structure. The analysis of the XRD pattern in Figure 2b

• demonstrates that the SnO2 phase content in the sample produced in the 8 h procedure has decreased. At the same time, the WPPF weight fraction analysis performed for this sample (Figure 3) revealed that the ZnS component consists of two phases, namely 60% of a phase with cubic zinc blende structure and 40% of

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light by cobalt ferrite nanoparticles/graphene quantum dots

• Vo Chau Ngoc Anh,
• Le Thi Thanh Nhi,
• Le Thi Kim Dung,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Truong Son,
• Nguyen Thi Thao Uyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Uyen Thu,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Le Trung Hieu,
• Tran Ngoc Tuyen and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 475–489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.43

• breaking graphene sheets or from molecules with aromatic structure (fullerenes, starch, and carbohydrates) [3]. However, often GQDs are only stable in solvents, which limits their application in fields that require their solid form, such as in adsorption and photocatalytic, or electrochemical applications

• /GQDs nanoparticles. Magnetic properties, morphology, structure, and fluorescence of the nanocomposites were studied, and the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue as a dye model and the mechanism of methylene degradation were also addressed. Experimental Materials Cobalt(II) nitrate hexahydrate

• Discussion Materials characterisation The XRD patterns of cobalt ferrite with decreasing Fe/Co molar ratio from 2 to 0.5 are presented in Figure 1a. The XRD patterns of CF confirm that cobalt ferrite has a spinel structure, and all main peaks correspond to the standard pattern of bulk CoFe2O4 (JCPDS 00-022

Fabrication of nanocrystal forms of ᴅ-cycloserine and their application for transdermal and enteric drug delivery systems

• Hsuan-Ang Tsai,
• Tsai-Miao Shih,
• Theodore Tsai,
• Jhe-Wei Hu,
• Yi-An Lai,
• Jui-Fu Hsiao and
• Guochuan Emil Tsai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 465–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.42

• antisolvent, and the mixing conditions. During precipitation, different solvents can affect the size, the structure, and the stability of polymorphous particles. To confirm the morphology of DCS nanocrystals, SEM and XRPD analyses were applied for the examination of particle size and structure, respectively

• vascular endothelial cells are at low frequency, and that the trans-endothelial pathways are the dominant mechanisms for nanoparticle extravasation in tumors (also called enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect) [37]. Since the skin has a denser structure than that of tumor vessels, we speculated

Superconducting spin valve effect in Co/Pb/Co heterostructures with insulating interlayers

• Andrey A. Kamashev,
• Nadir N. Garif’yanov,
• Aidar A. Validov,
• Vladislav Kataev,
• Alexander S. Osin,
• Yakov V. Fominov and
• Ilgiz A. Garifullin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 457–464, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.41

• applications in modern superconducting spintronics [18][19][20][21][22]. In 1997, Beasley and coworkers proposed a theoretical F1/F2/S model of the SSV structure [1]. Another F1/S/F2 model was developed a little later in 1999 by Tagirov [2] and Buzdin and coworkers [3]. In these structures, F1 and F2 are

• structure based on the control of the average exchange field acting on the S layer by changing the mutual orientation of the magnetization vectors of the F layers and, thus, suppressing superconductivity to a different degree. Typically, the superconducting transition temperature Tc of the SSV is minimal

• without affecting the bulk of the layer. After that, the Pb layer and subsequent layers of the SSV structure were deposited at the substrate temperature of Tsub ≈ 150 K. Such low Tsub was necessary to obtain a smooth Pb layer [44] and to form the I2 layer. A similar oxidation procedure was used again to

Sidewall angle tuning in focused electron beam-induced processing

• Sangeetha Hari,
• Willem F. van Dorp,
• Johannes J. L. Mulders,
• Piet H. F. Trompenaars,
• Pieter Kruit and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 447–456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.40

• qualitative agreement with the experimental observations. As a demonstration, the proposed method is applied to a carbon FEBID structure whose sidewall is etched using FEBIE with water in an SEM, using SE signal monitoring to determine when a vertical sidewall has been achieved. Results Sidewall slope

• process. In Figure 2a, a cross section of a simulated FEBID line is shown with a flat top in the middle and sidewalls described by two half Gaussian functions. It is noted here that a FEBID line is deposited as an array of partly overlapping point exposures, which leads to a structure with a flat top and

• , section S1 for more details on the simulation). Sidewall slope evolution under FEBIE To experimentally study the modification of the sidewalls of a FEBID structure, carbon structures were first deposited on a silicon substrate with a 20 nm gold–palladium layer and a 5 nm titanium adhesion layer. The

Heat-induced morphological changes in silver nanowires deposited on a patterned silicon substrate

• Elyad Damerchi,
• Sven Oras,
• Edgars Butanovs,
• Allar Liivlaid,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Boris Polyakov,
• Annamarija Trausa,
• Veronika Zadin,
• Andreas Kyritsakis,
• Loïc Vidal,
• Karine Mougin,
• Siim Pikker and
• Sergei Vlassov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 435–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.39

• a nominal diameter of 120 nm and length of tens of micrometers were purchased from Blue Nano, Inc. These NWs have a pentagonal cross-section and a five-fold twinned inner structure. More details on the structure and properties of these NWs can be found in our previous works [35][39]. The patterned

• ) experiments were performed to study the effect of heat treatment on the inner structure of NWs. Two transmission electron microscopes (Tecnai GF20, FEI and JEOL microscope, model ARM-200F) were used at a 200 kV acceleration voltage. Simulations The extent and distribution of mechanical stresses induced by

• the statistical analysis are given in Figure 6. For the heating scheme 1, the extent of fragmentation in the suspended parts is one order of magnitude higher than that for the adhered parts, while a totally opposite behavior is observed for the heating scheme 2. Inner structure of Ag nanowires Silver

Unveiling the nature of atomic defects in graphene on a metal surface

• Karl Rothe,
• Nicolas Néel and
• Jörg Kröger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 416–425, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.37

• smallest defects appear as a depression without discernible interior structure suggesting the presence of vacancy sites in the graphene lattice. With an atomic force microscope, however, only one kind can be identified as a vacancy defect with four missing carbon atoms, while the other kind reveals an

• geometric structure of the defect sites. Surprisingly, the smallest defect in graphene on Ir(111), which appears as a depression in STM images and, therefore, may readily be assigned to a single-C vacancy site, gives rise to an undistorted graphene lattice in AFM images. In contrast, slightly larger defects

• are indeed lacking the graphene atomic lattice structure in their interior. Spatially resolved spectroscopy of the differential conductance (dI/dV, I: tunneling current, V: bias voltage) and of the tuning fork resonance frequency change (Δf) further unravel marked differences between these two kinds

Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• reactivity because of the presence of an unpaired electron in their atomic structure. In this review, we summarize some novel metal-based nanoantioxidants and classify them into two main categories, namely chain-breaking and preventive antioxidant nanomaterials. In addition, the applications of antioxidant

• than copper content and size. The enzyme activity of natural CAT highly depends on the three-dimensional (3D) structure of the protein. A significant decrease or even loss of CAT activity can be caused already by small changes in the protein conformation and structure. As a matter of fact, cellular

• nanoantioxidants, inheriting excellent properties of nanomaterials such as large specific surface area, high catalytic activity, and tunable structure and composition, have great potential for providing effective and safe treatment for oxidative stress-related diseases. However, regarding the translation from