Mo-doped boron nitride monolayer as a promising single-atom electrocatalyst for CO₂ conversion

• Qianyi Cui,
• Gangqiang Qin,
• Weihua Wang,
• Lixiang Sun,
• Aijun Du and
• Qiao Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 540–548, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.55

• CRR and HER on the Mo-doped BN is −0.45 V and −0.62 V, respectively. Therefore, we can draw the conclusion that the CRR is predominant on the catalyst due to its relatively low energy demand. The limiting potential is relatively low among most of the catalysts to selectively produce CH4 for CRR with

Advanced scanning probe lithography using anatase-to-rutile transition to create localized TiO₂ nanorods

• Julian Kalb,
• Vanessa Knittel and
• Lukas Schmidt-Mende

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 412–418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.40

• TiO2 nanorods grow hydrothermally on anatase particles with a diameter of approximately 25 nm [39][40]. Even if rutile TiO2 seed nanocrystals are already present, it is assumed that anatase clusters diffuse along rutile TiO2 surfaces towards low-energy facets and perform a solid-state phase

Transport signatures of an Andreev molecule in a quantum dot–superconductor–quantum dot setup

• Zoltán Scherübl,
• András Pályi and
• Szabolcs Csonka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 363–378, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.36

• using second-order perturbation theory in the SC-QD tunneling term HT,SC. This procedure yields a 16-dimensional low-energy effective Hamiltonian for the double QD, which describes the superconducting proximity effect of the SC lead on the double QD. Here, we describe this effective Hamiltonian and the

• procedure to obtain it. For this, we consider the Hamiltonian without the N leads, HQD + HSC + HT,SC + HIT. (We will take into account the N leads later to describe transport.) Assuming Δ U and further neglecting the QD-SC tunneling HT,SC, the 16-dimensional quasiparticle-free low-energy subspace is

• energetically well-separated from other states containing a finite number of quasiparticles. The low-energy subspace is spanned by the product basis, the products of particle-number eigenstates of each QD, namely, where the arrows denote the spin states of the electrons. We will use the notation We perform

Intuitive human interface to a scanning tunnelling microscope: observation of parity oscillations for a single atomic chain

• Sumit Tewari,
• Jacob Bakermans,
• Christian Wagner,
• Federica Galli and
• Jan M. van Ruitenbeek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 337–348, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.33

• surface atoms. Figure 4 shows that after fixing the crystallographic orientation (as explained above), with the use of two adatoms one can obtain with 100% certainty the complete information about the surface atoms, as the adatoms will sit only on the hollow sites (low-energy position, see Figure 4b). A

A Ni(OH)₂ nanopetals network for high-performance supercapacitors synthesized by immersing Ni nanofoam in water

• Donghui Zheng,
• Man Li,
• Yongyan Li,
• Chunling Qin,
• Yichao Wang and
• Zhifeng Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 281–293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.27

• between active materials and electrolyte, for which transition metal oxides/hydroxides with multiple valence are used as electrode materials [8][9]. EDLCs hold a high power density and long cycling stability, but their practical application is limited by the low energy density. In comparison, pseudo

Study of silica-based intrinsically emitting nanoparticles produced by an excimer laser

• Imène Reghioua,
• Mattia Fanetti,
• Sylvain Girard,
• Diego Di Francesca,
• Simonpietro Agnello,
• Layla Martin-Samos,
• Marco Cannas,
• Matjaz Valant,
• Melanie Raine,
• Marc Gaillardin,
• Nicolas Richard,
• Philippe Paillet,
• Aziz Boukenter,
• Youcef Ouerdane and
• Antonino Alessi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 211–221, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.19

• , within the spot, are irradiated differently. Our data indicate that for low energy per pulse (or fluence) the particle shape tends to be irregular. The use of the same mask could limit the contribution of the irradiated part far from the center (thus with low local fluence), which seems to contribute to

Sputtering of silicon nanopowders by an argon cluster ion beam

• Xiaomei Zeng,
• Vasiliy Pelenovich,
• Zhenguo Wang,
• Wenbin Zuo,
• Sergey Belykh,
• Alexander Tolstogouzov,
• Dejun Fu and
• Xiangheng Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 135–143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.13

• target density. The energy dependence demonstrated an unusual non-monotonic behavior. At 17.3 keV a maximum of the sputtering yield was observed, which was more than forty times higher than that of the bulk Si. The surface roughness at low energy demonstrates a similar energy dependence with a maximum

• discussed in [6][7], ≈1 µm and 60 nm, respectively. Moreover, the roughening effect itself can be a consequence of the high sputtering yield. A more accurate explanation of the sputtering yield increase at the low energy requires additional study of the structure of the top layer. It should be noted that

• the cluster, A = 57 eV and q = 2.25 are the fitting parameters. At low energy, the denominator is close to 1 and the equation is simplified to The functional dependence in Equation 1 and Equation 3 is the same except for the presence of the threshold energy Eth in Equation 1. In general, the existence

Apparent tunneling barrier height and local work function of atomic arrays

• Neda Noei,
• Alexander Weismann and
• Richard Berndt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3048–3052, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.283

• . This is reflected by the notion of a local work function Φ [7][8][9]. Adsorbates modify Φ in an intriguing manner [10][11][12][13]. In turn, variations of Φ produce, e.g., atomic-scale contrast in field-emission microscopy, photo-emission electron microscopy, and low-energy electron microscopy [14][15

Site-controlled formation of single Si nanocrystals in a buried SiO₂ matrix using ion beam mixing

• Xiaomo Xu,
• Thomas Prüfer,
• Daniel Wolf,
• Hans-Jürgen Engelmann,
• Lothar Bischoff,
• René Hübner,
• Karl-Heinz Heinig,
• Wolfhard Möller,
• Stefan Facsko,
• Johannes von Borany and
• Gregor Hlawacek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2883–2892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.267

• pyrolysis [13] and ion beam synthesis in an SiO2 matrix [14][15][16][17]. Compared to conventional ion beam synthesis using low-energy ion implantation, collisional mixing of Si into an SiO2 layer by ion irradiation at higher energies leads to a better control over the Si excess, and a self-aligned δ-layer

Charged particle single nanometre manufacturing

• Philip D. Prewett,
• Cornelis W. Hagen,
• Claudia Lenk,
• Steve Lenk,
• Marcus Kaestner,
• Tzvetan Ivanov,
• Ahmad Ahmad,
• Ivo W. Rangelow,
• Xiaoqing Shi,
• Stuart A. Boden,
• Alex P. G. Robinson,
• Dongxu Yang,
• Sangeetha Hari,
• Marijke Scotuzzi and
• Ejaz Huq

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2855–2882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.266

• focusing the primary electron beam on the substrate in the presence of adsorbed precursor gas molecules delivered from a nozzle close to the sample surface. The electrons interact with the substrate generating high-energy backscattered and low-energy (<50 eV) secondary electrons all of which interact with

Controlling surface morphology and sensitivity of granular and porous silver films for surface-enhanced Raman scattering, SERS

• Sherif Okeil and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2813–2831, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.263

• using a microfocused, monochromated Al Kα X-ray source (30–400 µm spot size). The K-Alpha charge compensation system was employed during analysis, using electrons of 8 eV energy and low-energy argon ions to prevent any localized charge build-up. Auger spectroscopy was performed using a PHI 680 (Physical

Biomimetic surface structures in steel fabricated with femtosecond laser pulses: influence of laser rescanning on morphology and wettability

• Camilo Florian Baron,
• Alexandros Mimidis,
• Daniel Puerto,
• Evangelos Skoulas,
• Emmanuel Stratakis,
• Javier Solis and
• Jan Siegel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2802–2812, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.262

• Experimental section, the surface wetting was measured after at least 15 days after irradiation so that the surface was stabilized, allowing the formation of this free low energy coating required for a stable surface. A straightforward way to measure the apparent contact angle wetting behavior of a surface is

Magnetic and luminescent coordination networks based on imidazolium salts and lanthanides for sensitive ratiometric thermometry

• Pierre Farger,
• Cédric Leuvrey,
• Mathieu Gallart,
• Pierre Gilliot,
• Guillaume Rogez,
• João Rocha,
• Duarte Ananias,
• Pierre Rabu and
• Emilie Delahaye

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2775–2787, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.259

• emission spectra, the broad band has a very fast time dependence totally suppressed by a time delay of only 0.05 ms. The suppression of the low-energy T1→S0 ligand emission denotes an energy transfer from the triplet excited state to the Eu3+ and Tb3+ excited levels. This energy transfer is more effective

Disorder in H⁺-irradiated HOPG: effect of impinging energy and dose on Raman D-band splitting and surface topography

• Lisandro Venosta,
• Noelia Bajales,
• Sergio Suárez and
• Paula G. Bercoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2708–2717, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.253

• were performed using a Tandem NEC Pelletron 5SDH of 1.7 MV, at two impinging energies: 0.4 MeV (low energy, LE) and 1 MeV (high energy, HE), using two different doses: 1014 ions/cm2 (low dose, LD) and 1016 ions/cm2 (high dose, HD). These irradiation conditions were chosen in order to ensure a maximum

• of dose and energy. We do not observe a continuous evolution from low dose and low energy to high dose and high energy in our spectra, which may allow us to correlate changes in each component of the D band with a certain kind of defects or defect-like features, including changes in the hybridization

• impinging energy is approximately four times greater than in the case of lower energy. In fact, SRIM simulations allowed us to estimate penetration depths of 3.3 μm and 12.6 μm for low and high energies, respectively. Hence, a smaller mean free path of the ions results in the case of low energy, which

Two-dimensional semiconductors pave the way towards dopant-based quantum computing

• José Carlos Abadillo-Uriel,
• Belita Koiller and
• María José Calderón

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2668–2673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.249

• neighboring donors. For two electrons bound to a single donor there are two low-energy levels well separated from the next excited state, one singlet and one triplet, which allows to map the lower-energy-states problem to the Heisenberg spin-1/2 Hamiltonian. For two electrons bound to a donor pair, there are

Pattern generation for direct-write three-dimensional nanoscale structures via focused electron beam induced deposition

• Lukas Keller and
• Michael Huth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2581–2598, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.240

• surface. As the focused electron beam is directed to predefined positions, chemical bonds of precursor molecules at these positions break, mainly via the generated low-energy secondary electrons (SE) [11]. The nonvolatile precursor fragments remain as deposits. Depending on the precursor used, and also on

Directional light beams by design from electrically driven elliptical slit antennas

• Shuiyan Cao,
• Eric Le Moal,
• Quanbo Jiang,
• Aurélien Drezet,
• Serge Huant,
• Jean-Paul Hugonin,
• Gérald Dujardin and
• Elizabeth Boer-Duchemin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2361–2371, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.221

• Grenoble, France and CNRS, Institut NEEL, F-38042 Grenoble, France Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d’Optique, 91127 Palaiseau, France 10.3762/bjnano.9.221 Abstract We report on the low-energy, electrical generation of light beams in specific directions from planar elliptical microstructures. The

• by design. Inspired by this work, we investigate in the present paper the low-energy (below 3 eV) electrical excitation and the resulting light beams from single elliptical antennas consisting of an elliptical slit etched in a gold film. We theoretically and experimentally show that when the

• symmetry of the system with respect to the yz-plane). Conclusion We have introduced the working principle of an electrically driven elliptical slit antenna, which is a highly directive, low-energy, electrical microsource of light beams emitting in controlled directions. The emission direction is tailored

Nanoscale characterization of the temporary adhesive of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus

• Ana S. Viana and
• Romana Santos

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2277–2286, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.212

• (two high-energy surfaces) than on teflon (a low-energy surface) [7]. In order to understand the topography, P. lividus footprints were imaged using different probing methods (peak force tapping in air and fluid) and in various environments: dry, moist and under native conditions (ASW). In all the

Interaction-induced zero-energy pinning and quantum dot formation in Majorana nanowires

• Samuel D. Escribano,
• Alfredo Levy Yeyati and
• Elsa Prada

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2171–2180, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.203

• -dimensional model of the dielectric surroundings, here we show that, under certain circumstances, these interactions lead to a suppression of the Majorana oscillations predicted by simpler theoretical models, and to the formation of low-energy quantum-dot states that interact with the Majorana modes. Both

• electrostatic solution (i.e., the intrinsic electron–electron interaction part of the problem), treated at the Hartree–Fock level, has a negligible effect on the low-energy spectrum in the topological regime. We may therefore concentrate only on the self-consistency with . In Section 2 of Supporting Information

• electrostatic potential has direct consequences on the spectral properties of the wire, as we analyze below in Figure 4, but for comparison, let us first see what happens in the non-interacting case. The spectrum of the wire is shown in Figure 3a. There we can observe the emergence of low-energy subgap states

Metal-free catalysis based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials: a photoelectron spectroscopy point of view

• Mattia Scardamaglia and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2015–2031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.191

• temperatures up to 950 °C the amount of pure substitutional nitrogen (graphitic) and the DOS increase (Figure 3). As mentioned, the low-energy electronic excitation and the selectivity for oxygen dissociation strongly depend on the type of nitrogen dopant present in the sample, as we will discuss in the next

Defect formation in multiwalled carbon nanotubes under low-energy He and Ne ion irradiation

• Santhana Eswara,
• Jean-Nicolas Audinot,
• Brahime El Adib,
• Maël Guennou,
• Tom Wirtz and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1951–1963, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.186

• modifications of MWCNTs by low energy He+ and Ne+ ion irradiation for fluences of 1014 to 1018 ions/cm2, i.e., for imaging conditions found on the HIM [44][45][46]. We present a correlative approach in which ion-irradiation-induced modifications are characterised by Raman spectroscopy and TEM imaging, and the

Synthesis of carbon nanowalls from a single-source metal-organic precursor

• André Giese,
• Sebastian Schipporeit,
• Volker Buck and
• Nicolas Wöhrl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1895–1905, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.181

• growing tightly next to each other on the surface and that they are of dense structure. Due to their low energy, the growth species cannot migrate far on the substrate surface and are therefore incorporated into the rather dense graphitic structure of the carbon nanorods. At higher energies, the diffusion

Synthesis of hafnium nanoparticles and hafnium nanoparticle films by gas condensation and energetic deposition

• Irini Michelakaki,
• Nikos Boukos,
• Dimitrios A. Dragatogiannis,
• Spyros Stathopoulos,
• Costas A. Charitidis and
• Dimitris Tsoukalas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1868–1880, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.179

• landing energy can be controlled via a bias on the substrate. The substrate bias voltage (Vs) enables the NPs either to “soft land” (low-energy deposition) preserving their size and shape, or to land with high-energy impact (high-energy deposition), which depending on the landing energy leads to different

• aggregation and deposition chamber. In this case of low-energy deposition the energy per atom Eat is about 0.1 eV/atom, which is far below the cohesive energy of the atoms constituting the NPs and nanoparticles do not undergo significant distortion of their shape and size [42][43]. Nanoparticles of different

Numerical analysis of single-point spectroscopy curves used in photo-carrier dynamics measurements by Kelvin probe force microscopy under frequency-modulated excitation

• Pablo A. Fernández Garrillo,
• Benjamin Grévin and
• Łukasz Borowik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1834–1843, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.175

• dynamics are governing the SPV behavior of the sample, as it is the case for instance for OPV samples exhibiting a high density of low-energy states (traps). Nonetheless, we stress that even if the calculated photo-carrier lifetime values do not fully agree with those reported in [4], the ratio between the

SO₂ gas adsorption on carbon nanomaterials: a comparative study

• Deepu J. Babu,
• Divya Puthusseri,
• Frank G. Kühl,
• Sherif Okeil,
• Michael Bruns,
• Manfred Hampe and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1782–1792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.169

• , monochromated Al Kα X-ray source (30–400 µm spot size). The K-Alpha charge compensation system was employed during analysis, using electrons of 8 eV energy and low-energy argon ions to prevent any localized charge build-up. The spectra were fitted with one or more Voigt profiles (binding energy uncertainty