Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• ]. Conventional drug delivery techniques may be ineffective in many applications. Furthermore, it is difficult to manage the components that are produced in an acidic or basic environments, resulting in a reduction in the therapeutic impact of the medications. In recent years, smart DDSs have emerged as a

• , into the alginate polymer network. This can be achieved through various methods, including reduction reactions, electrochemical deposition, or deposition-precipitation. The resulting hybrid nanomaterials exhibit synergistic properties of both the inorganic nanoparticles and the alginate polymer

Effect of wavelength and liquid on formation of Ag, Au, Ag/Au nanoparticles via picosecond laser ablation and SERS-based detection of DMMP

• Sree Satya Bharati Moram,
• Chandu Byram and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1054–1069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.86

• used across various scientific and technological fields due to their distinctive optical, physical, and chemical properties. Over the past few decades, different methods have been developed for NP synthesis, including chemical reduction, electrochemistry, atomic layer deposition, laser ablation

• efficiency and yield of the LASiS process [4][50]. The study reported by Shukri et al. [51] pointed out a size reduction in Au NPs from 19 to 12 nm by decreasing the input laser wavelengths, changing from 1064 to 532 nm in DW. Solati et al. [52] observed a significant increase in the mean size of Ag NPs from

• 532 nm, and 16.5 ± 0.5 nm at 1064 nm, respectively. The size distributions are provided in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1(d–f). The size of the NPs increases with increasing laser wavelength. It is worth mentioning that a reduction in NP size was noticed more in NPs produced in aqueous NaCl

Interface properties of nanostructured carbon-coated biological implants: an overview

• Mattia Bartoli,
• Francesca Cardano,
• Erik Piatti,
• Stefania Lettieri,
• Andrea Fin and
• Alberto Tagliaferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1041–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.85

• graphene. rGO is produced through direct reduction of GO using physical or chemical routes [49]. Thus, the carbon-to-oxygen ratio can be increased to values of around 8:1 to 246:1, significantly higher than those of GO [50]. The electrical properties show a remarkable improvement compared with GO, even if

• roughness, inducing macrophage polarization to the pro-inflammatory state without producing a great excess of pro-inflammatory factors. Furthermore, GO-coated implants showed a reduction of the expression of the fibrosis-related protein α-SMA and collagen deposition in the presence of both fibroblasts and

• macrophages. The reduction of fibrotic formations on the implants is of capital relevance for preventing thrombosis [96]. Hassan et al. [97] investigated graphene coatings on a stainless steel implant to minimize the negative effect of metals contained into the alloy (i.e., Cr, Mo, and Ni). The authors used

Bolometric IR photoresponse based on a 3D micro-nano integrated CNT architecture

• Yasameen Al-Mafrachi,
• Sandeep Yadav,
• Sascha Preu,
• Jörg J. Schneider and
• Oktay Yilmazoglu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1030–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.84

• ], increased responsivity, unwavering reliability, ultrafast response time, and a substantial reduction in device size. The introduction of large, two-dimensional (2D) detector arrays has further increased the complexity of the detector optimization. In response to these multifaceted challenges and the quest

• reduction as well as sensitive and versatile thermal detection devices suitable for a wide range of high-tech applications. Fabrication process of the pixel-based CNT microbolometer. (a) AlOx deposition, (b) lithography process and metal contact evaporation, (c) iron catalyst evaporation, and (d) CNT growth

Entry of nanoparticles into cells and tissues: status and challenges

• Kirsten Sandvig,
• Tore Geir Iversen and
• Tore Skotland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1017–1029, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.83

• another breast cancer xenograft model and found a strong reduction in immunosuppressive function of macrophages [94]. An influence of NPs on macrophage recruitment, differentiation, and polarization has also been reported by others [95][96]. Thus, a combined effect on the tumor cells and the tumor

Atomistic insights into the morphological dynamics of gold and platinum nanoparticles: MD simulations in vacuum and aqueous media

• Evangelos Voyiatzis,
• Eugenia Valsami-Jones and
• Antreas Afantitis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 995–1009, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.81

• shown in Figure 5 for the Au (Figure 5a) and Pt (Figure 5b) NPs. We observe that an increase in temperature results in a smaller coordination number. The temperature dependence is more pronounced for the NPs with diameters larger than 2 nm. For these NPs, an abrupt reduction of the coordination number

• ) and Pt (Figure 7b) NPs. The mean force becomes greater when the temperature is raised or the NP diameter is increased. For a fixed NP diameter, a temperature reduction results in smaller spatial fluctuations, expanded in size and number of crystal zones, as well as more ordered NP configurations that

Effects of cutting tool geometry on material removal of a gradient nanograined CoCrNi medium entropy alloy

• Yu-Sheng Lu,
• Yu-Xuan Hung,
• Thi-Xuyen Bui and
• Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 925–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.76

• influence decreases, and the internal strain gradually converges within the grain boundaries and in front of the tool. This is because the density of the grain boundaries decreases and is affected by deformation along the grain boundaries. There is also a corresponding reduction in the number of highly

Investigation on drag reduction on rotating blade surfaces with microtextures

• Qinsong Zhu,
• Chen Zhang,
• Fuhang Yu and
• Yan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 833–853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.70

• results. Second, the placement position and geometrical parameters (height, width, and spacing) of microtextures with lower energy loss were determined by our simulation of microtextures on the blade surface, and the drag reduction mechanism was analyzed. Triangular ribs with a height of 0.2 mm, a width

• of 0.3 mm, and a spacing of 0.2 mm exhibited the best drag reduction, reducing the energy loss coefficient and drag by 1.45% and 1.31% for a single blade, respectively. Finally, the blades with the optimal microtexture parameters were tested in the wind tunnel. The experimental results showed that

• the microtexture decreased energy loss by 3.7% for a single blade under 57° angle of attack and 136.24 m/s, which was favorable regarding the drag reduction performance of the impeller with 45 blades. Keywords: blade; drag-reducing microtexture; geometrical parameters; placement position; simulations

Intermixing of MoS₂ and WS₂ photocatalysts toward methylene blue photodegradation

• Maryam Al Qaydi,
• Nitul S. Rajput,
• Michael Lejeune,
• Abdellatif Bouchalkha,
• Mimoun El Marssi,
• Steevy Cordette,
• Chaouki Kasmi and
• Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 817–829, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.68

• required to drive photodegradation reaction. Concomitantly, anion groups serve as electron donors, playing a key role in the reduction process [44]. During the reaction, the VB edge potential of the sample is superior to the standard redox potentials of both •OH/OH− and •OH/H2O, suggesting that the holes

Synthesis of silver–palladium Janus nanoparticles using co-sputtering of independent sources: experimental and theorical study

• Maria J. Martínez-Carreón,
• Francisco Solís-Pomar,
• Abel Fundora,
• Claudio D. Gutiérrez-Lazos,
• Sergio Mejía-Rosales,
• Hector N. Fernández-Escamilla,
• Jonathan Guerrero-Sánchez,
• Manuel F. Meléndrez and
• Eduardo Pérez-Tijerina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 808–816, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.67

• nanoparticles, by the wet reduction method using palladium and silver hydroxide colloids as precursors, to study hydrogen absorption; the size of these BNPs was 6–7 nm. However, inhomogeneous nanoparticles were obtained because Ag fractions were found on the surface, which were increased by heating the samples

Electrospun polysuccinimide scaffolds containing different salts as potential wound dressing material

• Veronika Pálos,
• Krisztina S. Nagy,
• Rita Pázmány,
• Krisztina Juriga-Tóth,
• Bálint Budavári,
• Judit Domokos,
• Dóra Szabó,
• Ákos Zsembery and
• Angela Jedlovszky-Hajdu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 781–796, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.65

• (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S5). In the case of the Sr(NO3)2 salt, the Young’s modulus was maximum at 7.5% (w/w, Table 4). The Zn(O2CCH3)2 salt (12.2 ± 1.2 MPa) caused a major reduction in the Young’s modulus value compared to that of Sr(NO3)2 salt-containing scaffolds or the pure scaffold

• cytotoxicity assays were performed on the MG-63 tumor cell line derived from the cells of a 14-year-old boy with osteosarcoma [73]. According to the ISO 10993-5:2009 standard, there are various levels of cytotoxicity. If there is no significant reduction in cell count compared to that of the negative control

Exploring surface charge dynamics: implications for AFM height measurements in 2D materials

• Mario Navarro-Rodriguez,
• Andres M. Somoza and
• Elisa Palacios-Lidon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 767–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.64

• mechanism arises from the surface conductivity and assumes significance specially in the context of 2D materials on insulating supports. In such scenarios, the oscillating tip induces in-plane charge currents that in many circumstances constitute the main dissipative contribution to amplitude reduction and

• [30]. This issue can be addressed with Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). Under ambient conditions, the most common mode is amplitude modulation (AM-AFM), which uses the oscillation amplitude reduction as the input for the topography feedback. Its main aspects are summarized in [31]. At large free

• the dissipation. In this mode, the amplitude reduction may be due to (i) the tip–sample interaction (conservative or non-conservative), which shifts the resonance frequency and, therefore, makes the excitation go out of resonance, (ii) non-conservative interactions, which dissipate parts of the

Effect of repeating hydrothermal growth processes and rapid thermal annealing on CuO thin film properties

• Monika Ozga,
• Eunika Zielony,
• Aleksandra Wierzbicka,
• Anna Wolska,
• Marcin Klepka,
• Marek Godlewski,
• Bogdan J. Kowalski and
• Bartłomiej S. Witkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 743–754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.62

• properties of these layers and to attain the desired parameters in the final product. Controlled thermal treatment serves various purposes, such as enabling crystal structure relaxation, defect reduction, and enhancement of the films’ crystalline arrangement. Furthermore, it can lead to improved electrical

• cracking. This phenomenon was manifested, for example, during SEM measurements, when the sample was locally heated by an electron beam, as shown in Figure 1. Simultaneously, exposing the samples to thermal processing results in a reduction of the content of carbon atoms. On this basis, it is postulated

• using the Scherrer equation [54][55] with sizes ranging from 8.18 nm for the as-grown samples to 12.50, 12.92, and 12.72 nm for the 1×, 2×, and 3× samples, respectively. The other parameters demonstrate an opposite trend, showing a decrease compared to the as-grown films. Reduction of full width at half

Reduced subthreshold swing in a vertical tunnel FET using a low-work-function live metal strip and a low-k material at the drain

• Kalai Selvi Kanagarajan and
• Dhanalakshmi Krishnan Sadhasivan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 713–718, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.59

• minimum subthreshold slope and a good Ion/Ioff ratio. The low-k material at the drain reduces the gate-to-drain capacitance. Both the SiO2 layer and the live metal strip show excellent leakage current reduction to 1.4 × 10−17 A/μm. The design provides a subthreshold swing of 5 mV/decade, which is an

• device is shown in Figure 5 for both the on- and the off-state. Compared to the barrier width in the on-state, the distance between valence band of the source and conduction band of the channel is greater in the off-state (Vgs = Vds = 0). In the on-state, Vgs regulates electron motion. A reduction in

Elastic modulus of β-Ga₂O₃ nanowires measured by resonance and three-point bending techniques

• Annamarija Trausa,
• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Tauno Tiirats,
• Andreas Kyritsakis,
• Boris Polyakov and
• Edgars Butanovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 704–712, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.58

• the average bond length and thus result in a reduction in the elastic modulus [31][32][33]. For example, Wang et al. [34] showed that ZnO NWs with a higher density of oxygen vacancies, inferred from photoluminescence measurements, exhibited significantly (up to 20%) lower Young’s modulus. Wang et al

Enhancing higher-order modal response in multifrequency atomic force microscopy with a coupled cantilever system

• Wendong Sun,
• Jianqiang Qian,
• Yingzi Li,
• Yanan Chen,
• Zhipeng Dou,
• Rui Lin,
• Peng Cheng,
• Xiaodong Gao,
• Quan Yuan and
• Yifan Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 694–703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.57

• reduction negatively impacts detection sensitivity and limits the application of multifrequency AFM. To promote the application of multifrequency techniques, researchers have proposed various methods to improve the higher-order mode response by modifying cantilever beams. For example, researchers have

• , approaching an integer value. This reduction in frequency ratio enhances the high harmonic oscillations and improves the phase contrast during imaging [15]. The macroscale cantilever model (6 × 1 × 0.18 cm) is 266 times the size (within the error range) of the microscale cantilever dimensions. Considering the

Gold nanomakura: nanoarchitectonics and their photothermal response in association with carrageenan hydrogels

• Nabojit Das,
• Vikas,
• Akash Kumar,
• Sanjeev Soni and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 678–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.56

• introducing ascorbic acid indicated partial reduction of Au3+ to Au+, since ascorbic acid is a weak reducing agent. The introduction of seeds rapidly changed the colourless solution into blue, indicating complete reduction of Au+ to Au0. This was due to diffusion of Au0 atoms toward the {111} facet of the

• (0.01 M) was added, which turned the solution brownish in colour. The appearance of a brownish colour confirmed the reduction of Au3+ to Au0. Step 2: Growth-mediated synthesis of gold nanomakura. In brief, a protocol that combines seed-mediated growth with controlled particle etching was used. The

• synthesis of CTAB-AuNM, MTAB-AuNM, and DTAB-AuNM, a two-step reduction method showing gold (Au) seed preparation and formation of AuNMs in growth medium. (b) Absorption spectra of different surfactant-capped Au seeds over a wavelength range of 300–900 nm. (c) Absorption spectra of CTAB-AuNM, MTAB-AuNM, and

Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

• review also includes findings that are specific to the LSPC method variants laser ablation (LAL), fragmentation (LFL), melting (LML), and reduction (LRL) in organic liquids. A particular focus will be set on permanent gases, liquid hydrocarbons, and solid, carbonaceous species generated, including the

• reduction in liquid (LRL), laser fragmentation in liquid (LFL), and laser melting in liquid (LML), which are schematically shown in Figure 1. Molecular precursors are only required in LRL, whereas the other variants employ a solid as starting material, which is ablated/fragmented/molten in the dispersing

• generation of products that differ from the initial target’s composition [28][29][30][31][32]. Besides LAL, LFL, and LML, where a solid bulk or particulate material is laser-excited, another method to synthesize colloidal nanoparticles is the laser reduction in liquid (LRL), where the liquid contains

Exfoliation of titanium nitride using a non-thermal plasma process

• Priscila Jussiane Zambiazi,
• Dolores Ribeiro Ricci Lazar,
• Larissa Otubo,
• Rodrigo Fernando Brambilla de Souza,
• Almir Oliveira Neto and
• Cecilia Chaves Guedes-Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 631–637, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.53

• . Remarkably, the cubic crystal structure of TiN was effectively retained, while the (200) crystal plane d-spacing increased from 2.08 to 3.09 Å, accompanied by a reduction in crystallite size and alterations in Raman vibrational modes. Collectively, these findings provide compelling evidence for the

• ) crystallographic planes, respectively. In contrast, the exfoliated material exhibited FWHM values of 0.30, 0.24, 0.44, 0.43, and 0.41 for the same crystallographic planes. These FWHM results suggest a reduction in the crystallite size for the exfoliated material. Additionally, a slight but noteworthy shift in the

Comparative analysis of the ultrastructure and adhesive secretion pathways of different smooth attachment pads of the stick insect Medauroidea extradentata (Phasmatodea)

• Julian Thomas,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 612–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.52

• , Figure 7B) [86]. The hemispherical pattern reduces the contact area between the cuticle and the substrate, thus decreasing contact forces. Similar surface structures were observed in the wax coverage of plants where they decreased the attachment performance of insects [84]. A reduction of the contact

On the additive artificial intelligence-based discovery of nanoparticle neurodegenerative disease drug delivery systems

• Shan He,
• Julen Segura Abarrategi,
• Harbil Bediaga,
• Sonia Arrasate and
• Humberto González-Díaz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 535–555, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.47

• compound towards the target site with a substantial reduction of toxicity for the adjacent tissues, and help the NDDs to pass physiological barriers, increasing bioavailability without resorting to high dosages [5][11]. Therefore, researchers are studying and developing new treatment approaches that use

Cholesterol nanoarchaeosomes for alendronate targeted delivery as an anti-endothelial dysfunction agent

• Horacio Emanuel Jerez,
• Yamila Roxana Simioni,
• Kajal Ghosal,
• Maria Jose Morilla and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 517–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.46

• on HUVECs, human macrophages, and monocytes Despite void nanoARC seemed to slightly reduce HUVEC viability by ≈20%, and nanoARC-Chol by 10%, whereas HSPC-Chol liposomes caused no reduction in cytotoxicity (Figure 2A), no statistically significant differences were found between the formulations and

• caused mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization (nanoARC(ALN) = nanoARC-Chol(ALN) > HSPC-Chol(ALN)), the same as void nanoARC (Figure 6B). (iii) Only HSPC-Chol(ALN) caused a significant reduction in ATP content (Figure 6C). After ALN-loaded nanovesicles were endocytosed by HUVECs, no increase in nitric

• due to the lower ALN internalization, resulting from the lower ALN/lipid ratio and lower endocytosis of the formulation. In either case, the mechanism of reduction of IL-6/IL-8 of ALN-loaded nanoarchaeosomes would differ from that mediated by the corticosteroid receptor since the corticosteroid

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light by cobalt ferrite nanoparticles/graphene quantum dots

• Vo Chau Ngoc Anh,
• Le Thi Thanh Nhi,
• Le Thi Kim Dung,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Truong Son,
• Nguyen Thi Thao Uyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Uyen Thu,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Le Trung Hieu,
• Tran Ngoc Tuyen and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 475–489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.43

• () capture photoinduced electrons (eCB), which leads to a reduction to form bromide ions [36]. Figure 8a presents the effect of adding an excess of 10 mM KI or 10 mM KBrO3 on the MB degradation. The rate constant decreases to 0.0059 min−1 for KI and 0.0074 min−1 for KBrO3, and the decolourisation efficiency

Superconducting spin valve effect in Co/Pb/Co heterostructures with insulating interlayers

• Andrey A. Kamashev,
• Nadir N. Garif’yanov,
• Aidar A. Validov,
• Vladislav Kataev,
• Alexander S. Osin,
• Yakov V. Fominov and
• Ilgiz A. Garifullin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 457–464, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.41

• magnetization vector of the Co1 layer is getting fixed in the direction of the applied field and remains biased by the AF CoOx layer after the reduction of the field strength to its operational value of H0 = 1 kOe, independent of the subsequent direction of the field vector [33][34][48]. At this field value

Heat-induced morphological changes in silver nanowires deposited on a patterned silicon substrate

• Elyad Damerchi,
• Sven Oras,
• Edgars Butanovs,
• Allar Liivlaid,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Boris Polyakov,
• Annamarija Trausa,
• Veronika Zadin,
• Andreas Kyritsakis,
• Loïc Vidal,
• Karine Mougin,
• Siim Pikker and
• Sergei Vlassov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 435–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.39

• organics. However, when the size of the structures is reduced to the nanoscale, metals exhibit distinct behavior at elevated temperatures compared to their larger counterparts [20][21]. Generally, a reduction in the melting point occurs as the size and dimensionality of the nanostructures decrease [20][22