Facile synthesis of platinated DNA nanoparticles with radiosensitizing potential

• Leo Sala,
• Tomas Perecko,
• Antonín Kaňa and
• Jaroslav Kočišek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 1117–1127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.76

• shown in Figure 2D) of particles synthesized at different mixing ratios. A general reduction in particle size is observed as the cisplatin/DNA scaffold ratio increases. However, a transition occurs around a 4000 cisplatin/DNA scaffold ratio, where structures temporarily increase in size before becoming

• free cisplatin at micromolar concentrations [35]. We have also used the same assay on cisplatin concentrations with limited 10–20% reduction in the cell plating efficiency and observed about 9% DER at 0.2 μM (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S5). The comparable magnitude of radiosensitization

Synthesis of carbon dot-mediated gold nanostructures: experimental and quantum chemical insights into turn-on fluorescence sensing of N-acetylcysteine

• Thuy-Huong Nguyen,
• Van-Nghia Nguyen,
• Ha Thi Thu Nguyen,
• Ha Ngoc Nguyen,
• Anh Duc Nguyen,
• Tuyen Viet Nguyen and
• Truong Xuan Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 1103–1116, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.75

• and thus reducing fluorescence [57]. Another mechanism for quenching is aggregation [58]. Reaction with Au3+ can also induce aggregation of the CDs, leading to a reduction of surface area and increased non-radiative decay pathways, while suppressing the fluorescence process. Moreover, the fluorescence

• range of 5% to 25%. As depicted in Figure 12b, a reduction in the DMF percentage led to a diminished recovered fluorescence intensity. Consequently, a DMF ratio of 25% was maintained constant throughout the study. Spectrofluorimetric determination of N-acetylcysteine As shown in Figure 13a, the

Electrochemical sensing of sildenafil in pharmaceutical formulations using an (S,N)-doped reduced graphene oxide-modified electrode

• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Ngo Thi Thanh Xuan,
• Vo Thi Khanh Ly,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Le Duc Anh,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Nguyen Hai Phong,
• Pham Khac Lieu,
• Le Lam Son and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 1087–1102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.74

• was dispersed in a mixture of 50 mL distilled water and 30 mL ethanol. The suspension was ultrasonicated for 60 min to ensure uniform dispersion, then transferred into a Teflon-lined autoclave. The hydrothermal reduction was conducted at 180 °C for 12 h. After naturally cooling to room temperature

• enlarged interlayer spacing [24]. After (S,N)-doping, the peak becomes broader and slightly shifted, suggesting partial disruption of the layered structure. For (S,N)-rGO, the disappearance of the GO peak and the emergence of a broad peak at ≈24.7° (002 plane) confirm the successful reduction process and

• partial restoration of graphitic domains [24]. The textural parameters in Table 1 and Figure 1b reveal a clear evolution of pore structure after doping and reduction. Pristine GO exhibits a very low BET surface area (6.93 m2·g−1) with no detectable microporosity, indicating a highly stacked structure with

Breaking barriers: nanosystems to overcome solubility and permeability challenges of second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors

• Bhagya Shree,
• Abhishek Sharma,
• Manish Kumar,
• Ruchi Chawla and
• Brahmeshwar Mishra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 1063–1086, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.73

• % reduction in tumour weight, indicating superior therapeutic performance of the SEDDS compared with the pure drug (27% reduction) and the negative control [65]. SMEDDSs form thermodynamically stable microemulsions spontaneously upon dilution. A NTB-loaded SMEDDS formulated with Capryol 90, Transcutol HP, and

Vibration-induced dynamic structural superlubricity on MoS₂/Au(111) under ultrahigh vacuum

• Shuyu Huang,
• Yiming Song,
• Antoine Hinaut,
• Gema Navarro-Marín,
• Antonio Cammarata,
• Ernst Meyer and
• Thilo Glatzel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 1039–1046, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.71

• -coated gold surfaces induced by external mechanical actuation. By tuning the excitation frequency to the cantilever resonance, stick–slip motion is effectively suppressed, leading to a significant reduction in friction even under high-load conditions. Experimental results, supported by a modified

• reduction is often positively correlated with interfacial conductivity, making these methods much less flexible or effective for insulating systems. Regulation through electric current inevitably generates Joule heating. This leads to a local temperature rise at the interface, which can intensify energy

• friction line profiles are displayed on the right panel of the map. The results suggest a clear correlation between significant friction drops and the specific frequencies where the tip vibration amplitude increases. This indicates that the friction reduction is driven by a resonance-like coupling between

Influence of an external electric field on the catalytic CO oxidation of nanoscaled CeO₂ and its La³⁺ and Gd³⁺ congeners

• Parastoo Jamshidi,
• Silvio Heinschke and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 1028–1038, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.70

• migration can be accelerated applying an external electrical field [17]. The oxygen deficiency of CeO2 can be manipulated in a controlled manner by changing temperature and reduction conditions. Also elemental doping of the underlying fcc solid-state structure may create nonstoichiometric species, for

Synthesis and characterization of RF-sputtered ZnTe/Cu_2−xTe thin films for solar cell applications

• Gerardo Arreola Jardón,
• Susana Meraz Dávila,
• Claudia Elena Pérez García,
• Aime Margarita Gutiérrez Peralta and
• Sergio Joaquín Jiménez Sandoval

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 1016–1027, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.69

• produced only minor lattice modifications, while higher Cu and O contents promoted the formation of Cu2−xTe secondary phases, as confirmed by Raman spectroscopy, grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Optical measurements showed a significant reduction in infrared

• -based modules have achieved certified power conversion efficiencies exceeding 21% at the industrial level, demonstrating the technological maturity of this material system [3]. Despite these advances, further improvements in device efficiency, long-term stability, and cost reduction remain critical

• . However, a notable reduction in the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the main diffraction peak is observed for films containing 3 and 5 atom % Cu and O when the substrate temperature increases from 300 to 350 °C. Specifically, the FWHM decreases from 0.98° to 0.55° (3 atom %) and from 0.58° to 0.51

Ultrasonic irradiation in the synthesis of nanohydroxyapatite: a chemically friendly technique for improving hemocompatibility and antibiofilm applications

• Juan Mendoza Turmero,
• Cristina Parra Pantoja,
• Marcos Sabino Gutiérrez,
• Milagro Fernández-Delgado,
• Claudia Alvarado-Castillo,
• Damarys Soto Gil,
• María E. Gomes Gomes,
• Yony Gutiérrez Barrios and
• Daniel Suárez Arteaga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 991–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.68

• hemotoxicity (hemolysis < 2%), and did not affect platelet ADP aggregation processes. Microbiological assays showed a significant reduction in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biomass production (p < 0.05) after 24 h, particularly for nHA synthesized with the W/ETOH mixture. There was also a less bacterial colonization

• total mass of bacterial cell growth in a given sample. It is also a key indicator of bacterial abundance and biofilm formation. Our results showed a statistically significant reduction (p < 0.05) in biomass for nHA/W/ETOH/15 min (61.8%; p < 0.001; d = 2.84) and nHA/W/ETOH/60 min (30.8%; p = 0.007; d

• biological effect can be ruled out, confirming that the structural modulation of nanohydroxyapatite is the primary driving force behind the observed biomass reduction. Additionally, SEM analysis demonstrates few rod cells (1–2 μm) adhered to the test surfaces in the nHA/W/ETOH/15 sample (Figure 12A,B). This

Development of Protium heptaphyllum essential oil-loaded nanocapsules: experimental design and biological activity

• Debora Freitas Silva,
• Kaidy Giselle Orellana,
• Allessya Lara Dantas Formiga,
• Jin Wang,
• Eloisa Helena de Aguiar Andrade,
• Aline Collares Valente Pinheiro,
• Maria Izabel de Jesus,
• Francisco Canindé Ferreira de Luna,
• Wallax Augusto Silva Ferreira,
• Edivaldo Herculano Correa de Oliveira,
• Francisco Humberto Xavier Junior,
• Emmanuel Abraham Ho and
• Marcele Fonseca Passos

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 974–990, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.67

• organization and permeability [46][47]. Future studies must clarify the underlying mechanisms by using specific assays to evaluate membrane integrity, assess oxidative stress, or determine apoptosis. According to ISO 10993-5 guidelines, a viability reduction greater than 30% compared to controls indicates

• . heptaphyllum EO, especially in its nanoencapsulated form, selectively modulated the cytokine profile in MRC-5 fibroblasts in a concentration-dependent manner (Figure 7). The most consistent result was a marked reduction in IL-6 levels in all treated groups compared to the control. The IL-6 suppression was

Materials challenges in solid-state sensors for continuous monitoring of ions in water

• Maryam Darestani-Farahani and
• Peter Kruse

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 935–973, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.66

• reduces the ZnO bandgap (from ≈3.7 eV to ≈2.2 eV), thereby enhancing charge transfer and overall electrochemical activity. The homogeneous dispersion of nanoscale ZnO on graphene provides a large active surface area for Pb2+ adsorption and reduction, resulting in improved sensitivity. Cyclic voltammetry

• reveals that the redox current varies linearly with the square root of the scan rate, confirming a diffusion-controlled electrochemical process. Additionally, the graphene–ZnO nanocomposite lowers the reduction potential of Pb2+ compared to a bare glassy carbon electrode, facilitating electron transfer

Enhanced erosion resistance and radiation stability of WC–WO₃ nanocomposite films under 100 keV Kr⁺ ion irradiation

• Shristi Bist,
• Parswajit Kalita,
• Ratnesh K. Pandey,
• Sejal Shah,
• Richa Krishna,
• Umapathy G. R.,
• Sunil Ojha and
• Devesh K. Avasthi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 922–934, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.65

• obtained for the W peak of the RBS spectra are shown in Figure 6. It is clear from the spectra that the increase in ion fluence caused a reduction in the width of the W peak and reduction in the area of the W peak, indicating sputtering. At a fluence of 1 × 1016 ions/cm2, both width and intensity of W peak

• spectra for pristine and irradiated films are shown in Figure 7, and the areal concentrations of the elements are given in Table 3. It is apparent from Table 3 that there is initially (at 1 × 1016 ions/cm2) a slight reduction in the W, C, and O content, indicating the sputtering of the atoms from the

• films. The areal concentration decreased significantly in the case of irradiation at the higher fluences (i.e., at 3 × 1016 ions/cm2 and 1 × 1017 ions/cm2). This indicates stronger sputtering of the atoms from the films upon irradiation, causing a reduction in the width of the W peak (Figure 6). However

Nanocarrier strategies to overcome P-glycoprotein-mediated drug resistance in cancer therapy

• Andreina Quevedo-Enríquez,
• Katty Yi Zhang,
• Denisse Yajaira Enriquez,
• Byron Raul Inapanta,
• Roxana Noemí Peroni and
• Christian Rafael Quijia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 882–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.64

• or inhibitory effect of drug treatment, leading to a reduction in the efficacy of chemotherapy and to cancer progression [11]. Critically, resistance in solid tumors is typically multifactorial. Target alteration, pathway reconfiguration, defects in apoptotic signaling, enhanced DNA repair

• , docetaxel), and several tyrosine kinase inhibitors (dasatinib, gefitinib), among others [18][21]. The consequence in each case is a reduction in intracellular drug concentration sufficient to prevent the cytotoxic threshold from being reached. Understanding P-gp’s functional regulation and structural

• and diminishes GSH levels, hence promoting the release of DOX. Concurrently, P123 fragments impede P-glycoprotein function. The outcome is an increased intranuclear accumulation of DOX and an up to 88% reduction of tumor development in MCF-7/ADR models, accompanied by minimal systemic damage. These

Light-driven ammonia electrooxidation via carbon nitride–ruthenium molecular interfaces

• Jan Holub and
• Pablo Jiménez-Calvo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 854–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.61

• driving force for many reduction reactions. Its valence band edge at approximately +1.6 V vs NHE supports oxidation chemistry. It is chemically inert to most organic solvents and electrolytes, thermally stable in air up to around 600 °C, and biocompatible. Crucially for hybrid material design, the

Nanoparticle delivery systems for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP): advances and challenges

• Sonia Zahara and
• Björn M. Reinhard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 839–853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.60

• throughout the polymer matrix. This property is particularly beneficial for drugs with poor bioavailability or short plasma half-lives, as it allows a reduction in dosing frequency and improves adherence. In some designs, drug cargo is confined within nanocapsule-like structures formed by a polymer shell [49

Restorative potential of laser-synthesized silver nanoparticles with Salvia officinalis for periodontal disease treatment: an in vitro study

• Jelena Filipović Tričković,
• Sanja Živković,
• Bojana Ilić,
• Miloš Tošić,
• Jelena Marinković,
• Ana Valenta Šobot and
• Miloš Momčilović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 781–795, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.55

• dentistry with anti-inflammatory, antigenotoxic, and anti-plaque properties [7]. While several studies reported the green synthesis of AgNPs by the chemical reduction of AgNO3 using sage extract [8][9][10][11][12], to the best of our knowledge, the picosecond laser ablation of a silver metal target using

• elimination of pathogenic microbes and reduction of inflammation and gingival atrophy, but also toward collagen production. This study aimed to evaluate the biological properties of AgNPs synthesized by PLAL, where the varying parameters were different laser pulse energies (2 and 6 mJ) and distinct synthesis

• (type-I and total collagen production) and inflammation reduction by monitoring levels of interleukins IL-1β and IL-6. Antimicrobial testing Following AgNP synthesis and characterization, the antibacterial potential was evaluated in microdilution assays against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

Interface-engineered Caco-2 cell culture on a collagen-coated liquid–liquid interface in a microfluidic device

• Satoru Kuriu and
• Soo Hyeon Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 760–768, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.53

• tension, resulting in a pronounced meniscus and a reduction in rectangularity. In this study, a high rectangularity was interpreted as indicating an interface nearly parallel to the channel bottom, which is favorable for microscopic observation; accordingly, devices exhibiting high rectangularity were

Superconducting artificial neural networks and quantum circuits

• Anatolie S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 744–747, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.51

• models fully connected and recurrent neural networks and integrates one million model neurons and 256 million synaptic connections [4]. For solving more complex computational tasks that require substantial processing power, a critical challenge arises: the need for a radical reduction in energy

• complex topology, such as Fibonacci chains, enhanced spatial oscillations of the superconducting order parameter lead to a pronounced reduction of the critical temperature [26]. These findings are important for the design and optimisation of superconducting circuits, hybrid devices, and superconducting

Environmental applications of silver nanoparticles: state-of-the-art review and emerging trends

• Soni Prajapati,
• Akash Kumar and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 697–736, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.49

• stabilized by Cestrum nocturnum L. [24]. In a study, chitosan-based poly(chitosan-N-isopropylmethacrylamide-acrylic acid) microgels were used to fabricate AgNPs via borohydride reduction. The study demonstrated the catalytic removal of MB, CR, brilliant blue, rhodamine B (RhB), and methyl orange (MO) with

• simplicity, scalability, versatility, and ability to control size [36]. Chemical reduction methods are widely used to synthesise AgNPs, utilising reducing agents such as sodium borohydride, citrate, and ascorbic acid to reduce silver ions in solution, followed by the use of capping agents or stabilisers to

• against feline calicivirus, which shares a similar genetic makeup with human norovirus [79]. The study found that 10 nm AgNPs significantly reduced viral load (6.5 log10 viral titer) at concentrations of 50 and 100 μg/mL. The protein expression analysis confirmed that the capsid protein showed a reduction

Decontamination from water pollutants and pathogens by electrospun nanofibers doped with heavy-atom-free borafluorene-BODIPY photosensitizers

• Angelika Zaszczyńska,
• Paulina H. Marek-Urban,
• Karolina Wrochna,
• Agnieszka E. Kuklewska,
• Kacper Kręgielewski,
• Marta Grodzik,
• Dawid R. Natkowski,
• Jolanta Mierzejewska,
• Ewa Iwanek,
• Agata Blacha-Grzechnik,
• Paweł Sajkiewicz and
• Krzysztof Durka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 668–682, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.46

• results clearly show that every studied concentration significantly decreased S. aureus CFUs under light irradiation as compared to the experiments performed without light. No clear concentration-dependent effect on CFU reduction was observed. Therefore, using a lower concentration of 1 can provide an

Cellulose as a photocatalyst support material: extraction, structural features, and environmental applications

• Yee Teng Lim,
• Nur Farhana Jaafar,
• Azizul Hakim Lahuri and
• Endang Tri Wahyuni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 635–652, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.44

• significantly enhance the performance of electronic and optoelectronic devices [84]. Researchers have recently developed CNC network structures as versatile substrates for catalytic reactions, including reduction, oxidation, and coupling processes, and one of their key advantages lies in the ability to form

• reduction and doping, which enhance their reactivity and overall performance [86]. Widely used examples include ZnO, TiO2, and iron oxide, which support a broad range of catalytic applications, and researchers have explored several production methods for these nanoparticles, with the sol–gel process relying

Two-step laser synthesis of Ag@TiO₂ nanomaterials for the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B

• Marija Kovačević,
• Miloš Tošić,
• Rafaela Radičić,
• Vladimir Rajić,
• Nikša Krstulović,
• Miloš Momčilović and
• Sanja Živković

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 622–634, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.43

• photodegradation. In practice, TiO2 is widely used in photocatalytic systems for pollutant degradation (e.g., dyes, pharmaceuticals, including drugs, supplements and cosmetics, phenols, and poly(alkyl)acrylates), water purification, CO2 reduction, and hydrogen production [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. However, pristine

• photon energy, Eg is the bandgap energy, A is a constant, and n corresponds to the nature of the transition (i.e., direct or indirect) [23]. A decrease in bandgap energy results in a small redshift in light absorption, as presented in Figure 7b. This resulted in a reduction in the bandgap energy for all

• photocatalytic activity. The improved activity of Ag@TiO2 is not mainly due to bandgap reduction. It is more likely related to Ag–TiO2 interaction, where Ag reduces electron–hole recombination and enhances light absorption through surface plasmon resonance, leading to increased formation of reactive oxygen

Recent progress in enhancing built-in electric fields of perovskite solar cells via junction engineering

• Tong Xiao and
• Ke Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 602–621, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.42

• recombination. AMD strategy yields a significant increase in carrier lifetime, a large improvement in hole mobility, and a reduction in trap-state density, thereby improving charge separation efficiency. After being stored in ambient air (temperature 25 °C, humidity 30–40%) for 10 days, it can still maintain an

• suppress bulk defect formation. This structural reconstruction also shifts the valence band maximum from 5.70 to 5.56 eV, establishing a favorable type-II cascade alignment that strengthens the vertical BEF. The resulting graded junction exhibits a 66.6% reduction in trap density and a 43% decrease in

Probing tribological evolution in atomically thin MoS₂ at different scales

• Xingzhong Zeng and
• Miao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 586–597, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.40

• film and reduces its out-of-plane deformability. Although more interlayer spacing regions exist in thicker films, the enhanced interlayer coupling restricts the independent deformation of each layer, leading to an overall reduction in the ability of the film to conform to the AFM tip and adjust to the

• stick–slip events within the slip phase. In contrast, the subsequent decrease in slip distance is attributed to a corresponding reduction in the occurrence of these sub-nanoscale stick–slip events at higher loads. The slip distance is much smaller than the stick–slip period (bulk lattice period of MoS2

• aforementioned findings, the degree of strengthening intensifies with increasing load. Furthermore, as highlighted by the green dotted lines, the length of the slip line decreases with escalating load, an observation that indicates a reduction in the magnitude of lateral force change during the slip phase as

Laser–material interactions in liquids for the synthesis of nanomaterials: current status and perspectives

• Carlos Doñate Buendia,
• Bilal Gökce and
• Leonid V. Zhigilei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 571–575, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.38

• generation of surfactant-free, high-purity colloidal nanoparticles. Laser fragmentation in liquids (LFL), in turn, involves the irradiation of colloidal micro- or nanoparticle suspensions with high-intensity pulses above the fragmentation threshold, leading to size reduction through photomechanical or

Synthesis of Cu–Mo/TiO₂ and Co–Mo/TiO₂ photocatalysts for the efficient degradation of organic pollutants in water

• Ilse Acosta,
• Brenda Zermeño,
• Edgar Moctezuma,
• Luis F. Garay-Rodríguez and
• Isaías Juárez-Ramírez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 559–570, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.37

• pollutants. The significant reduction in the bandgap energy as a result of copper incorporation is an effect previously reported in the literature as the introduction of Cu ions generates d orbitals below the conduction band, which reduces the bandgap energy [33][34]. To assess the efficiency of the

• oxide. However, although the 0.5 Cu–0.5 Mo/TiO2 photocatalyst promotes a significant reduction in ketoprofen concentration, complete degradation is not observed within 120 min of reaction. It has been reported that metal/metal co-doped photocatalysts can exhibit considerable selectivity in their