Characterization of ion track-etched conical nanopores in thermal and PECVD SiO₂ using small angle X-ray scattering

• Shankar Dutt,
• Rudradeep Chakraborty,
• Christian Notthoff,
• Pablo Mota-Santiago,
• Christina Trautmann and
• Patrick Kluth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 899–909, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.68

• images do not provide robust statistical information and are prone to measurement errors. Cross-sectional SEM imaging provides limited statistical reliability as the probability of cleaving directly through a nanopore’s central axis is extremely low. This sampling bias introduces significant

Nanostructured materials characterized by scanning photoelectron spectromicroscopy

• Matteo Amati,
• Alexey S. Shkvarin,
• Alexander I. Merentsov,
• Alexander N. Titov,
• María Taeño,
• David Maestre,
• Sarah R. McKibbin,
• Zygmunt Milosz,
• Ana Cremades,
• Rainer Timm and
• Luca Gregoratti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 700–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.54

• , environmental reliability, and operando capabilities. Scanning photoelectron spectromicroscopy (SPEM) is one of the characterization tools that combine high spectral resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with submicron spatial resolution. In particular, the SPEM equipment hosted at the ESCA microscopy

The impact of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane hole transport layer doping on interfacial charge extraction and recombination

• Konstantinos Bidinakis and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 678–689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.52

• lock-in amplifier (Zurich Instruments), in an argon atmosphere glove box (less than 1% ppm O2 and negligible humidity). The cantilever used was SCM PIT V2 (resonance frequency: 75 kHz, spring constant: 3 N/m, Bruker). The scan rate of the measurement was 0.5 Hz. To increase the reliability of our data

Nanoscale capacitance spectroscopy based on multifrequency electrostatic force microscopy

• Pascal N. Rohrbeck,
• Lukas D. Cavar,
• Franjo Weber,
• Peter G. Reichel,
• Mara Niebling and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 637–651, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.49

• reliability of capacitors [10]. Similarly, in next-generation photovoltaic devices, the dielectric properties of absorber layers, such as lead-halide perovskites, affect carrier recombination and electric field distribution, thereby influencing power conversion efficiency [11]. At the nanoscale, the

N₂⁺-implantation-induced tailoring of structural, morphological, optical, and electrical characteristics of sputtered molybdenum thin films

• Usha Rani,
• Kafi Devi,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 495–509, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.38

• technological applications owing to their outstanding characteristics. The high melting point and stability of molybdenum ensure that it remains structurally intact under the harsh operating conditions of solar cells [1][2]. This stability is essential for long-term reliability and performance. The low

Engineered PEG–PCL nanoparticles enable sensitive and selective detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

• Soni Prajapati and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 385–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.29

• size and polydispersity index (PDI). These characteristics are crucial for ensuring the reliability and reproducibility of the nanoparticles in various applications, including sensing. Characterization of PEG–PCL nanoparticles The prepared PEG–PCL nanoparticles were characterized for their

A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

Comparison of organic and inorganic hole transport layers in double perovskite material-based solar cell

• Deepika K and
• Arjun Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 119–127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.11

• materials. Future work should aim to incorporate these considerations through experimental validation and more sophisticated simulation approaches, such as multidimensional modelling or coupling SCAPS-1D with experimental datasets. These efforts would enhance the reliability of theoretical predictions and

Nanocarriers and macrophage interaction: from a potential hurdle to an alternative therapeutic strategy

• Naths Grazia Sukubo,
• Paolo Bigini and
• Annalisa Morelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 97–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.10

Characterization of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GP258

• Prashantkumar Siddappa Chakra,
• Aishwarya Banakar,
• Shriram Narayan Puranik,
• Vishwas Kaveeshwar,
• C. R. Ravikumar and
• Devaraja Gayathri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 78–89, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.8

• . The numbers on the branches represent bootstrap values derived from 1000 replications, showcasing the statistical reliability of each node. The tree was constructed using the maximum likelihood method based on 16S rRNA sequences, with alignment performed against GenBank data. (a) X-ray diffraction

Instance maps as an organising concept for complex experimental workflows as demonstrated for (nano)material safety research

• Benjamin Punz,
• Maja Brajnik,
• Joh Dokler,
• Jaleesia D. Amos,
• Litty Johnson,
• Katie Reilly,
• Anastasios G. Papadiamantis,
• Amaia Green Etxabe,
• Lee Walker,
• Diego S. T. Martinez,
• Steffi Friedrichs,
• Klaus M. Weltring,
• Nazende Günday-Türeli,
• Claus Svendsen,
• Christine Ogilvie Hendren,
• Mark R. Wiesner,
• Martin Himly,
• Iseult Lynch and
• Thomas E. Exner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 57–77, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.7

• [54] in their complex product matrices. Applicability, relevance, and reliability are tested in five industrial use cases. To demonstrate the instance-map-based data management approach of MACRAMÉ, the use case of antibiotics-loaded polymeric nanomaterials is showcased. These nanomaterials are used

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles derived from algae and their larvicidal properties to control Aedes aegypti

• Matheus Alves Siqueira de Assunção,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Mara Elga Medeiros Braga,
• Severino Alves Junior,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa,
• Herminio José Cipriano de Sousa and
• Fábio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1566–1575, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.123

• the presence or absence of larvae feeding must be established for better reliability of larvicidal studies. Furthermore, although the studies included did not carry out toxicity studies on non-target species, it is important to highlight the need for studies such as phytotoxicity, in vitro studies in

The round-robin approach applied to nanoinformatics: consensus prediction of nanomaterials zeta potential

• Dimitra-Danai Varsou,
• Arkaprava Banerjee,
• Joyita Roy,
• Kunal Roy,
• Giannis Savvas,
• Haralambos Sarimveis,
• Ewelina Wyrzykowska,
• Mateusz Balicki,
• Tomasz Puzyn,
• Georgia Melagraki,
• Iseult Lynch and
• Antreas Afantitis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1536–1553, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.121

• . These metrics collectively provide a comprehensive assessment of model accuracy and reliability. The mean absolute error (MAE, Equation 1) and the root mean squared error (RMSE, Equation 2) were used to evaluate the accuracy of the models applied on both train and test sets. MAE measures the average

• actual and predicted endpoint values of the i-th sample, respectively, and and are the average endpoint values of the experimental and predicted values, respectively. Applicability domain To ensure the robustness and reliability of predictive models, particularly adhering to the OECD guidelines

• of their extrapolation-based nature, which inherently carries more uncertainty than interpolation [22]. In the present study, the leverage method [61] was employed to assess the prediction reliability. This was done to empower users to apply the models with greater confidence to external datasets and

Electrochemical nanostructured CuBTC/FeBTC MOF composite sensor for enrofloxacin detection

• Thi Kim Ngan Nguyen,
• Tien Dat Doan,
• Huy Hieu Luu,
• Hoang Anh Nguyen,
• Thi Thu Ha Vu,
• Quang Hai Tran,
• Ha Tran Nguyen,
• Thanh Binh Dang,
• Thi Hai Yen Pham and
• Mai Ha Hoang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1522–1535, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.120

• detected in the original samples. However, in the spiked samples, the sensor yielded favourable results with recoveries ranging from 90.2% to 121.3%, indicating the reliability of the sensor and its effectiveness in real-world applications. Conclusion CuBTC and FeBTC metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were

Integrating high-performance computing, machine learning, data management workflows, and infrastructures for multiscale simulations and nanomaterials technologies

• Fabio Le Piane,
• Mario Vozza,
• Matteo Baldoni and
• Francesco Mercuri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1498–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.119

• gain deeper insights and make informed decisions. Through the integration of simulation data with experimental measurements, researchers can validate and refine computational models, improving their accuracy and reliability. Advanced data analysis techniques, such as statistical analysis, machine

• strategies heavily rely on data from various sources, including experimental measurements, simulations, and literature databases. However, ensuring the accessibility, reliability, and interoperability of data remains a significant hurdle. Standardization efforts and data sharing platforms are essential to

Out-of-plane polarization induces a picosecond photoresponse in rhombohedral stacked bilayer WSe₂

• Guixian Liu,
• Yufan Wang,
• Zhoujuan Xu,
• Zhouxiaosong Zeng,
• Lanyu Huang,
• Cuihuan Ge and
• Xiao Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1362–1368, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.109

• power, the ultrafast response time remains consistent, highlighting the reliability of the high-speed heterojunction photodetector across different conditions, confirming its potential application in the field of optoelectronics. Our findings enhance the comprehension of the impact of polarization on

• that the heterojunction exhibits an even shorter response time (Figure 3a,b). It is the OOP polarization within the bilayer WSe2 that accelerates the intrinsic response time of the heterojunction. To verify the reliability of the experimental results, we subsequently conducted TRPC measurements at

Hymenoptera and biomimetic surfaces: insights and innovations

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Carlo Polidori and
• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1333–1352, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.107

• surfaces can prevent the wear of moving parts in devices such as hard drives and printers, ensuring longer operational life and reliability. The mechanisms behind the cuticle’s friction-reducing properties also include the ability to repel dust and contaminants, which further extends the applications of

Dual-functionalized architecture enables stable and tumor cell-specific SiO₂NPs in complex biological fluids

• Iris Renata Sousa Ribeiro,
• Raquel Frenedoso da Silva,
• Romênia Ramos Domingues,
• Adriana Franco Paes Leme and
• Mateus Borba Cardoso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1238–1252, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.100

• nanoparticles are not hemolytic. Remarkably, the functionalized SiO2NPs are more internalized by tumor cells than their healthy counterparts. Investigations of this nature play a crucial role in garnering results with greater reliability, allowing the development of nanoparticle-based pharmaceutical drugs that

Introducing third-generation periodic table descriptors for nano-qRASTR modeling of zebrafish toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles

• Supratik Kar and
• Siyun Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1142–1152, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.93

• inhibition of the zebrafish hatching enzyme ZHE1 with the nano-qRASTR approach to improve the model quality, predictability, and reliability significantly. Materials and Methods Dataset The percentage decrease in enzymatic activity expressed in the form of enzyme inhibition to zebrafish in % (%EIzebrafish

• -randomization procedure, the study calculated the mean values of R2 and Q2 for the 100 randomly generated models. External dataset for data gap filling and prediction reliability Our prepared external dataset consists of 35 MONPs that were used to predict toxicity for zebrafish. External prediction quality is

• also checked through the “Prediction Reliability Tool” that employs the AD to our external prediction that is evaluated by three criteria: (1) The mean absolute error is calculated for leave-one-out predictions using the ten most similar training compounds for each query molecule. (2) The

Recent updates in applications of nanomedicine for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis

• Damai Ria Setyawati,
• Fransiska Christydira Sekaringtyas,
• Riyona Desvy Pratiwi,
• A’liyatur Rosyidah,
• Rohimmahtunnissa Azhar,
• Nunik Gustini,
• Gita Syahputra,
• Idah Rosidah,
• Etik Mardliyati,
• Tarwadi and
• Sjaikhurrizal El Muttaqien

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1105–1116, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.89

• comparison results. To improve the validity of the toxicity profile of the NPs, it is important to ensure the accuracy, reliability, and reproducibility of the experimental data. In the end, we expect that the obtained toxicity data could be comprehensively compared with other toxicity reports. Schematic

Bolometric IR photoresponse based on a 3D micro-nano integrated CNT architecture

• Yasameen Al-Mafrachi,
• Sandeep Yadav,
• Sascha Preu,
• Jörg J. Schneider and
• Oktay Yilmazoglu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1030–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.84

• ], increased responsivity, unwavering reliability, ultrafast response time, and a substantial reduction in device size. The introduction of large, two-dimensional (2D) detector arrays has further increased the complexity of the detector optimization. In response to these multifaceted challenges and the quest

• stability, retaining reliability at temperatures reaching up to 200 °C. This exceptional thermal resilience makes it ideally suited for demanding high-temperature applications, showing its potential across various industries. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman characterizations of the VACNTs

Recent progress on field-effect transistor-based biosensors: device perspective

• Billel Smaani,
• Fares Nafa,
• Mohamed Salah Benlatrech,
• Ismahan Mahdi,
• Hamza Akroum,
• Mohamed walid Azizi,
• Khaled Harrar and
• Sayan Kanungo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 977–994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.80

• (≈108) and increased sensing speed through the extended cavity in the oxide–source region of the proposed biosensor structure. Furthermore, the fabrication of a silicon NW TFET-based biosensor has been reported by Gao et al. [84], targeting high sensitivity, versatility, and reliability for point-of

• scalability, which improves reliability as a hot electron impact is significantly reduced at lower operating bias voltages. Hence, it offers higher power efficiency and reliability. 2.2.21 Overlap gate-on-drain TFET-based biosensors. An overlap gate-on-drain (OGOD) TFET-based biosensor has been reported by

Beyond biomimicry – next generation applications of bioinspired adhesives from microfluidics to composites

• Dan Sameoto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 965–976, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.79

• ] and magnets are much better in terms of reliability and adhesion force than current biomimetic materials but need mating surfaces that are compatible. Traditional fasteners like screws, bolts, and nuts are available for assemblies that do not need to be disconnected frequently but are extremely strong

Investigation on drag reduction on rotating blade surfaces with microtextures

• Qinsong Zhu,
• Chen Zhang,
• Fuhang Yu and
• Yan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 833–853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.70

• = 0.5 is 131.5 m/s, with an error of only 0.6% from the theoretical value of 130.67 m/s. This result serves as evidence supporting the reliability of the simplified simulation method; hence, the velocity in the local area simulation was set at 130.67 m/s. In Figure 10, two-dimensional flow streamlines

Simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine at a TiO₂/graphene quantum dot-modified electrode

• Vu Ngoc Hoang,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Le Vu Truong Son,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Vo Thang Nguyen,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Ly Hoang Diem,
• Kieu Chan Ly,
• Ho Sy Thang and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 719–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.60

• , cost-effectiveness, and reliability. The use of modified electrodes has shown to improve significantly electrocatalytic activity and electrical conductivity of electrodes. Graphene, with sp2-hybridized carbon atoms in a single layer, has gained much attention because of its unique physicochemical

• , the other possible interferents exhibit no interference effect (with less than ±5% relative error) at 100-fold excess. This indicates that the designed modified electrode is a highly selective sensor for URI and HYP. A human urine sample was used as real sample to investigate the reliability of the

• the applicability and reliability of the proposed method (Table 2). Conclusion TiO2/GQDs were prepared from peroxo titanium complexes, and GQDs were derived from ground coffee as precursor, which offers several advantages such as easy dispersion and functionalization during the synthesis. A simple