Photocatalytic degradation of ofloxacin in water assisted by TiO₂ nanowires on carbon cloth: contributions of H₂O₂ addition and substrate absorbability

• Iram Hussain,
• Lisha Zhang,
• Zhizhen Ye and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1567–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.111

• of the carbon surface. The Ti 2p spectra (Figure 4d) show characteristic peaks for CC/HTNW, with Ti 2p3/2 and Ti 2p1/2 peaks appearing at 458 and 463 eV, respectively, while for CC/NW-450 °C, these peaks slightly shift to 459 and 464 eV, respectively. The spin–orbit splitting remains ≈5.4 eV

Modeling magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms used as a component of spin hybrid superconductor–ferromagnetic structures

• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina,
• Anastasia Salomatina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1557–1566, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.110

• ., Dolgoprudny, 141701, Russia 10.3762/bjnano.16.110 Abstract The paper presents a mathematical model for studying the magnetic behavior of atoms, which takes into account spin and interatomic interactions. Two problems were solved by means of mathematical modeling. At the first stage, the problem of modeling a

• thin films and the formation of Neel domain walls. Keywords: ferromagnetic properties; LAMMPS; mathematical modeling; MEAM; molecular dynamics; spin dynamics; Introduction Thin film structures [1][2] are increasingly employed each year in a wide range of applications, serving as functional [3][4

• Studying the Magnetic Behavior of Atoms To conduct computational experiments, we used a mathematical model describing the coordinated motion of atoms and the change of their spin vectors. The spin vector of an atom in this case was understood as the intrinsic magnetic moment associated with the momentum of

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• method for developing advanced functional materials. This section of the discussion focuses on the fabrication of thin films using laser-processed nanocolloids by various techniques such as electrophoretic deposition (EPD), spin-dip coating, spin coating, drop-casting, and spray deposition. The choice of

• fabrication using nanocolloids synthesized by LPL is given in Figure 9. 2.1 Spin coating The pioneering analysis of spin coating dates back over fifty years to Emslie et al., who first studied the spreading of a thin axisymmetric film of Newtonian fluid on a rotating substrate [100]. In 1989, the method was

• used to deposit photoresist films for microelectronic manufacturing, where understanding the interaction between liquid flow and mass transfer during the process became crucial as device sizes decreased. A one-dimensional model of spin coating was developed to describe film thinning due to both

Enhancing the photoelectrochemical performance of BiOI-derived BiVO₄ films by controlled-intensity current electrodeposition

• Huu Phuc Dang,
• Khanh Quang Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thi Mai Tho and
• Tran Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1289–1301, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.94

• factors that influence the subsequent BiVO4 conversion and PEC performance. Then, a 0.2 M VO(acac)2 solution in ethanol was coated onto the BiOI film via spin coating with two different volumes of solution (0.4 µL and 0.6 µL). The BiOI film (1 cm × 1 cm) with the VO(acac)2 layer was annealed at 450 °C for

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

• polyelectrolyte–surfactant complexes (Figure 10) [260]. The complex structures consist of polyaniline appended with amino groups and monododecyl phosphate. The intricate films were produced using a spin coating method. The films displayed distinct lamellar structures, resulting from the strong interactions

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

• a photocathode-based ultrashort electron pulse generator into a lab-based electron microscope, dynamic imaging of single specimens via pump–probe electron microscopy became possible. For instance, a spin state transition in the metal–organic framework Fe(pyrazine)Pt(CN)4 NPs was induced by

• nanosecond laser pulses, resulting in a high- to low-spin transition accompanied by morphological deformations coupled with lattice dynamics. Femtosecond X-ray laser pulses from X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) have further revolutionized dynamic X-ray imaging. Coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) [68][69

Heat-induced transformation of nickel-coated polycrystalline diamond film studied in situ by XPS and NEXAFS

• Olga V. Sedelnikova,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Dmitriy V. Gorodetskiy,
• Yuri N. Palyanov,
• Elena V. Shlyakhova,
• Eugene A. Maksimovskiy,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva and
• Aleksandr V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 887–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.67

• spectrum was fitted by three doublets, related to the spin–orbit splitting into Ni 3p3/2 and Ni 3p1/2 components, separated by 1.6 eV (Figure 3a). The most intense doublet with the Ni 3p3/2 component at 66.1 eV is attributed to metallic nickel [46]. The high-energy doublet with the Ni 3p3/2 component at

Insights into the electronic and atomic structures of cerium oxide-based ultrathin films and nanostructures using high-brilliance light sources

• Paola Luches and
• Federico Boscherini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 860–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.65

• between spin–orbit split lines [24]. In contrast, Ce 3d spectra exhibit five partially overlapped spin–orbit split components originating from different final states, which complicate the analysis [40]. Synchrotron radiation-based photoemission has proven to be significantly more versatile than XPS/UPS

Synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of sodium adsorption on vertically arranged MoS₂ layers coated with pyrolytic carbon

• Alexander V. Okotrub,
• Anastasiya D. Fedorenko,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Veronica S. Sulyaeva,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva and
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 847–859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.64

• and PyC-MoS2 films is shown in Figure 5. The low-energy peak at 226.1–226.3 eV corresponds to the S 2s line. The Mo 3d spectra of the initial MoS2 and PyC-MoS2 consist of an intense spin–orbit doublet with the binding energy of the Mo 3d5/2 component of 228.9 eV (Figure 5a,b). This energy corresponds

Synthesis and magnetic transitions of rare-earth-free Fe–Mn–Ni–Si-based compositionally complex alloys at bulk and nanoscale

• Shabbir Tahir,
• Tatiana Smoliarova,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia Shkodich and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 823–836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.62

• FC curve shows higher magnetization than the ZFC curve, indicating that spin alignment occurs faster when cooled in the presence of a magnetic field because of the pre-alignment that the magnetic field produces. Above 179 K, the ZFC and FC curves converge, suggesting that thermal energy disrupts

• blocking temperature of around 100 K and then decreases, indicating a superparamagnetic-to-paramagnetic transition. A divergence between ZFC and FC curves is observed below 202 K (Figure S6c, Supporting Information File 1), suggesting spin freezing or magnetic domain alignment when the material is cooled

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• synthesized by PLAL. FeS2 NPs were successfully synthesized in five different solvents, along with a minor phase of iron sulfide (FeS). Additionally, by combining electrophoretic deposition and spin-coating techniques, thin film photodiodes of FeS2 were fabricated on an n-type Si substrate utilizing the

• prepared by PLAL. Keywords: electrophoretic deposition; pulsed laser ablation in liquid; pyrite nanoparticles; self-powered photodetector; spin coating; Introduction Pyrite (FeS2) is one of the earth-abundant and nontoxic semiconductors possessing a promising role in optoelectronic applications. FeS2 has

• ][27][28]. In previous reports on pyrite thin films produced by EPD, Duan et al. deposited pyrite powder created using the sol–gel hydrothermal technique onto ITO substrates [29]. There are no other reports on the deposition of pyrite films using electrophoretic deposition. Spin coating is another thin

Changes of structural, magnetic and spectroscopic properties of microencapsulated iron sucrose nanoparticles in saline

• Sabina Lewińska,
• Pavlo Aleshkevych,
• Roman Minikayev,
• Anna Bajorek,
• Mateusz Dulski,
• Krystian Prusik,
• Tomasz Wojciechowski and
• Anna Ślawska-Waniewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 762–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.59

• XPS spectra of the Fe 2p multiplet structure for the FS0 and FST samples exhibit two main peaks with very similar binding energies around 710 eV and 723 eV (see Figure 12a) assigned as Fe 2p3/2 and Fe 2p1/2 core lines with the spin–orbit splitting of about ΔE ≈ 13 eV [87][88][89]. To the experimental

• is constant and equal to 0.6 eV, it was concluded that this is a reflection of the spin–orbit splitting of the Si 2p spectrum into 2p3/2 and 2p1/2 lines [94]. Peaks II are widely described in the literature and are assigned to Si ions in the environment of four oxygen ions, so SiO2 [95][96][97

Thickness dependent oxidation in CrCl₃: a scanning X-ray photoemission and Kelvin probe microscopies study

• Shafaq Kazim,
• Rahul Parmar,
• Maryam Azizinia,
• Matteo Amati,
• Muhammad Rauf,
• Andrea Di Cicco,
• Seyed Javid Rezvani,
• Dario Mastrippolito,
• Luca Ottaviano,
• Tomasz Klimczuk,
• Luca Gregoratti and
• Roberto Gunnella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 749–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.58

• Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14, AREA Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche (DSFC) Università degli Studi dell’Aquila, Via Vetoio 10 67100 L’Aquila, Italy CNR-SPIN UoS L’Aquila. Via Vetoio 10 67100 L’Aquila, Italy Gdansk University of Technology

• the halides. This has been supported by self-consistent band structure calculations by Antoci and Mihich [7], which introduced spin degeneracy, demonstrating that CrCl3 and CrBr3 behave as metallic system because of the prominent role of the 3d states near Fermi level. In our previous publications [8

Nanostructured materials characterized by scanning photoelectron spectromicroscopy

• Matteo Amati,
• Alexey S. Shkvarin,
• Alexander I. Merentsov,
• Alexander N. Titov,
• María Taeño,
• David Maestre,
• Sarah R. McKibbin,
• Zygmunt Milosz,
• Ana Cremades,
• Rainer Timm and
• Luca Gregoratti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 700–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.54

• four decades, several important upgrades have spread the original ability of XPS of chemical analysis to include, for instance, band mapping through angle resolved measurements (ARPES), spin detection, and imaging or spectromicroscopy at a nanoscale spatial resolution [9][10]. It is worth noting that

The impact of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane hole transport layer doping on interfacial charge extraction and recombination

• Konstantinos Bidinakis and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 678–689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.52

• 0.14 mbar and 280 W). Consequently, we deposited a compact layer of TiO2 via an aqueous 0.75 M TiCl4 solution (Sigma-Aldrich, 99.99% trace metal basis). A volume of 80 μL of the solution was spin-coated at 5000 rpm for 30 s, and the resulting films were annealed at 500 °C for 30 min. Afterwards, we

• deposited a mesoporous TiO2 layer from a (transparent) titania paste solution (Aldrich, 16.67 wt % in ethanol) via spin coating and annealed it (same parameters as in the previous step). After each of these titania deposition steps, we subjected the films to a UV-ozone cleaning step (FHR UVO 150) for 30 min

• , with an oxygen flow of 10 L/min. Then, a 1 M methylammonium lead iodide (MAPI) precursor solution was prepared (lead iodide 99.99% trace metals basis from TCI, methylammonium iodide >99.99% from Greatcell solar) with the materials dissolved in a DMF/DMSO (4:1) solvent and spin-coated using a two-step

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

• versatile and provides the best control over fiber morphology and structure [10]. Electrospinning is a straightforward and adaptable technique that can be used to directly spin polymeric solutions into nanofibers that are at least 100 times thinner than fibers created using more conventional techniques [11

Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials for ophthalmic applications

• Jiayuan Zhuang,
• Linhui Jia,
• Chenghao Li,
• Rui Yang,
• Jiapeng Wang,
• Wen-an Wang,
• Heng Zhou and
• Xiangxia Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 195–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.16

• damage to surrounding tissues due to inadequate control over the heat distribution [100][101][102][103][104][105]. Innovations in this field have led to the development of transparent polylactic acid (PLA) thin films with embedded iron oxide nanoclusters prepared via spin coating [51]. The efficient

A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

• precursor slurry undergoes phase separation under altered solvent, composition, or temperature conditions to form a porous support phase and a dense MMM phase [80][87][92][94]. Finally, fabrication of thin selective MMM layers on top of porous substrates can be accomplished via spin coating [95]. Defects

Theoretical study of the electronic and optical properties of a composite formed by the zeolite NaA and a magnetite cluster

• Joel Antúnez-García,
• Roberto Núñez-González,
• Vitalii Petranovskii,
• H’Linh Hmok,
• Armando Reyes-Serrato,
• Fabian N. Murrieta-Rico,
• Mufei Xiao and
• Jonathan Zamora

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 44–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.5

• properties. For the energy convergence criterion, we consider a value of 1 × 10−4 Ry. For a valid comparison, the same values were used to calculate the electronic and optical properties of the isolated magnetite cluster. Finally, spin polarization was considered for both calculations (zeolite-cluster and

• magnetite cluster is introduced into the zeolite, new bands appear within the forbidden zone, and a decoupling of bands with spin up and spin down occurs, giving rise to magnetic behavior in the NaA-M composite. A comparison between Figure 3a and Figure 3b reveals that the introduction of the magnetite

• bandgap of 6.5 eV, along with additional bandgaps originating from states associated with the bands at 4.5 and 5.2 eV. In Figure 4b, the TDOS for the NaA-M composite is presented, clearly revealing the decoupling of the spin-up and spin-down states, resulting in a “half-semiconductor”-type magnetic

Lithium niobate on insulator: an emerging nanophotonic crystal for optimized light control

• Midhun Murali,
• Amit Banerjee and
• Tanmoy Basu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1415–1426, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.114

• , and spin–photon entanglement), and detection (involving single-photon detectors). Keywords: integrated photonics; lithium niobate; photonic bandgap; photonic crystal; titanium dioxide; Introduction One-dimensional photonic crystals (PhCs) are electromagnetic media in which materials are periodically

• lower region of the microcavity and an additional eight bilayers in the upper area. The bottom DBR was coated with LFO using the spin-coating technique. Ultrafast transient-absorption spectroscopy was used to measure charging dynamics by exciting the microcavity with a pump pulse and observing the

The role of a tantalum interlayer in enhancing the properties of Fe₃O₄ thin films

• Hai Dang Ngo,
• Vo Doan Thanh Truong,
• Van Qui Le,
• Hoai Phuong Pham and
• Thi Kim Hang Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1253–1259, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.101

• NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh Street, Ward 13, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam 10.3762/bjnano.15.101 Abstract High spin polarization and low resistivity of Fe3O4 at room temperature have been an appealing topic in spintronics with various

• K [1], as well as its high spin polarization with only one spin at the Fermi level, even at room temperature [2][3][4][5][6]. Fe3O4 thin films are an issue of interest and have extensive applications in Li-ion batteries, spin Seebeck devices, supercapacitors, spin Hall magnetoresistance, and the

Electron-induced ligand loss from iron tetracarbonyl methyl acrylate

• Hlib Lyshchuk,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Thomas F. M. Luxford,
• Miloš Ranković,
• Jaroslav Kočišek,
• Juraj Fedor,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• Pamir Nag

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 797–807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.66

• dispersion correction [34]. We have optimized the structures of the reactant (neutral Fe(CO)4MA) and products (fragment ions and potential neutral co-fragments) generated in the dissociative processes. All fragments with an even number of electrons were assumed to be in singlet spin states, and the fragments

• with an odd number of electrons were assumed to be in doublet spin states. Threshold energies listed in the tables were obtained as differences of sums of the electronic and zero-point energies of products and reactants as Here, Ei is the sum of electronic and zero point energies of a given fragment

Effect of repeating hydrothermal growth processes and rapid thermal annealing on CuO thin film properties

• Monika Ozga,
• Eunika Zielony,
• Aleksandra Wierzbicka,
• Anna Wolska,
• Marcin Klepka,
• Marek Godlewski,
• Bogdan J. Kowalski and
• Bartłomiej S. Witkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 743–754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.62

• thin films can also be grown from liquid phases, employing techniques such as chemical bath deposition [31][32][33], successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) [34][35][36], sol–gel processes (using dip and spin coating) [37][38][39], as well as spray pyrolysis [40][41][42]. This work

• focuses on hydrothermally grown CuO films. There are only a few reports in the literature indicating the use of this method for the growth of CuO films. An example of a multistep method of producing CuO films has been described in [43]. It combines the hydrothermal process, annealing, and spin coating

Superconducting spin valve effect in Co/Pb/Co heterostructures with insulating interlayers

• Andrey A. Kamashev,
• Nadir N. Garif’yanov,
• Aidar A. Validov,
• Vladislav Kataev,
• Alexander S. Osin,
• Yakov V. Fominov and
• Ilgiz A. Garifullin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 457–464, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.41

• the two magnetic layers. Common knowledge suggests that this spin valve effect, which is due to the S/F proximity effect, is most pronounced in the case of perfect metallic contacts at the interfaces. Nevertheless, in our structures with intentionally deteriorated interfaces, we observed a significant

• full spin valve effect. A shift of the superconducting transition temperature Tc by switching the mutual orientation of the magnetizations of the two ferromagnetic Co layers from antiparallel to parallel amounted to ΔTc = 0.2 K at the optimal thickness of the superconducting Pb layer. Our findings

• superconducting spin valves. Keywords: ferromagnet; insulator layers; proximity effect; superconducting spin-valve; superconductor; Introduction Models and specific realizations of the superconducting spin valve (SSV) have been the subject of intensive research over the past 25 years [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9

On the mechanism of piezoresistance in nanocrystalline graphite

• Sandeep Kumar,
• Simone Dehm and
• Ralph Krupke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 376–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.34

• constrictions at the end of the active device area were used to measure the potential drop across the device area. The measurements were done in constant current mode, and the voltage drop across the squared central area was measured at each strain value. NCG was grown by spin coating S1805 at 4000 rpm

• transfer is required on glass in an aqueous medium [26]. Third, NCG fills the cracks present at the edges during spin coating the polymer and inhibits their propagation during the bending of the substrate. Raman spectroscopy is a powerful method to detect strain in graphene, which can be determined from

• . Experimental Piezoresistance measurements NCG was synthesized on a 300 nm SiO2/Si substrate by spin coating S1805 (1:10 dilution with propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, PGMEA) at 4000 rpm. The spin-coated Si/SiO2 substrate was loaded in a vacuum furnace and annealed at 600 °C for 10 h at 10−6 mbar. The