Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

• versatile and provides the best control over fiber morphology and structure [10]. Electrospinning is a straightforward and adaptable technique that can be used to directly spin polymeric solutions into nanofibers that are at least 100 times thinner than fibers created using more conventional techniques [11

Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials for ophthalmic applications

• Jiayuan Zhuang,
• Linhui Jia,
• Chenghao Li,
• Rui Yang,
• Jiapeng Wang,
• Wen-an Wang,
• Heng Zhou and
• Xiangxia Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 195–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.16

• damage to surrounding tissues due to inadequate control over the heat distribution [100][101][102][103][104][105]. Innovations in this field have led to the development of transparent polylactic acid (PLA) thin films with embedded iron oxide nanoclusters prepared via spin coating [51]. The efficient

A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

• precursor slurry undergoes phase separation under altered solvent, composition, or temperature conditions to form a porous support phase and a dense MMM phase [80][87][92][94]. Finally, fabrication of thin selective MMM layers on top of porous substrates can be accomplished via spin coating [95]. Defects

Theoretical study of the electronic and optical properties of a composite formed by the zeolite NaA and a magnetite cluster

• Joel Antúnez-García,
• Roberto Núñez-González,
• Vitalii Petranovskii,
• H’Linh Hmok,
• Armando Reyes-Serrato,
• Fabian N. Murrieta-Rico,
• Mufei Xiao and
• Jonathan Zamora

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 44–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.5

• properties. For the energy convergence criterion, we consider a value of 1 × 10−4 Ry. For a valid comparison, the same values were used to calculate the electronic and optical properties of the isolated magnetite cluster. Finally, spin polarization was considered for both calculations (zeolite-cluster and

• magnetite cluster is introduced into the zeolite, new bands appear within the forbidden zone, and a decoupling of bands with spin up and spin down occurs, giving rise to magnetic behavior in the NaA-M composite. A comparison between Figure 3a and Figure 3b reveals that the introduction of the magnetite

• bandgap of 6.5 eV, along with additional bandgaps originating from states associated with the bands at 4.5 and 5.2 eV. In Figure 4b, the TDOS for the NaA-M composite is presented, clearly revealing the decoupling of the spin-up and spin-down states, resulting in a “half-semiconductor”-type magnetic

Lithium niobate on insulator: an emerging nanophotonic crystal for optimized light control

• Midhun Murali,
• Amit Banerjee and
• Tanmoy Basu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1415–1426, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.114

• , and spin–photon entanglement), and detection (involving single-photon detectors). Keywords: integrated photonics; lithium niobate; photonic bandgap; photonic crystal; titanium dioxide; Introduction One-dimensional photonic crystals (PhCs) are electromagnetic media in which materials are periodically

• lower region of the microcavity and an additional eight bilayers in the upper area. The bottom DBR was coated with LFO using the spin-coating technique. Ultrafast transient-absorption spectroscopy was used to measure charging dynamics by exciting the microcavity with a pump pulse and observing the

The role of a tantalum interlayer in enhancing the properties of Fe₃O₄ thin films

• Hai Dang Ngo,
• Vo Doan Thanh Truong,
• Van Qui Le,
• Hoai Phuong Pham and
• Thi Kim Hang Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1253–1259, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.101

• NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh Street, Ward 13, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam 10.3762/bjnano.15.101 Abstract High spin polarization and low resistivity of Fe3O4 at room temperature have been an appealing topic in spintronics with various

• K [1], as well as its high spin polarization with only one spin at the Fermi level, even at room temperature [2][3][4][5][6]. Fe3O4 thin films are an issue of interest and have extensive applications in Li-ion batteries, spin Seebeck devices, supercapacitors, spin Hall magnetoresistance, and the

Electron-induced ligand loss from iron tetracarbonyl methyl acrylate

• Hlib Lyshchuk,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Thomas F. M. Luxford,
• Miloš Ranković,
• Jaroslav Kočišek,
• Juraj Fedor,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• Pamir Nag

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 797–807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.66

• dispersion correction [34]. We have optimized the structures of the reactant (neutral Fe(CO)4MA) and products (fragment ions and potential neutral co-fragments) generated in the dissociative processes. All fragments with an even number of electrons were assumed to be in singlet spin states, and the fragments

• with an odd number of electrons were assumed to be in doublet spin states. Threshold energies listed in the tables were obtained as differences of sums of the electronic and zero-point energies of products and reactants as Here, Ei is the sum of electronic and zero point energies of a given fragment

Effect of repeating hydrothermal growth processes and rapid thermal annealing on CuO thin film properties

• Monika Ozga,
• Eunika Zielony,
• Aleksandra Wierzbicka,
• Anna Wolska,
• Marcin Klepka,
• Marek Godlewski,
• Bogdan J. Kowalski and
• Bartłomiej S. Witkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 743–754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.62

• thin films can also be grown from liquid phases, employing techniques such as chemical bath deposition [31][32][33], successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) [34][35][36], sol–gel processes (using dip and spin coating) [37][38][39], as well as spray pyrolysis [40][41][42]. This work

• focuses on hydrothermally grown CuO films. There are only a few reports in the literature indicating the use of this method for the growth of CuO films. An example of a multistep method of producing CuO films has been described in [43]. It combines the hydrothermal process, annealing, and spin coating

Superconducting spin valve effect in Co/Pb/Co heterostructures with insulating interlayers

• Andrey A. Kamashev,
• Nadir N. Garif’yanov,
• Aidar A. Validov,
• Vladislav Kataev,
• Alexander S. Osin,
• Yakov V. Fominov and
• Ilgiz A. Garifullin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 457–464, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.41

• the two magnetic layers. Common knowledge suggests that this spin valve effect, which is due to the S/F proximity effect, is most pronounced in the case of perfect metallic contacts at the interfaces. Nevertheless, in our structures with intentionally deteriorated interfaces, we observed a significant

• full spin valve effect. A shift of the superconducting transition temperature Tc by switching the mutual orientation of the magnetizations of the two ferromagnetic Co layers from antiparallel to parallel amounted to ΔTc = 0.2 K at the optimal thickness of the superconducting Pb layer. Our findings

• superconducting spin valves. Keywords: ferromagnet; insulator layers; proximity effect; superconducting spin-valve; superconductor; Introduction Models and specific realizations of the superconducting spin valve (SSV) have been the subject of intensive research over the past 25 years [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9

On the mechanism of piezoresistance in nanocrystalline graphite

• Sandeep Kumar,
• Simone Dehm and
• Ralph Krupke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 376–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.34

• constrictions at the end of the active device area were used to measure the potential drop across the device area. The measurements were done in constant current mode, and the voltage drop across the squared central area was measured at each strain value. NCG was grown by spin coating S1805 at 4000 rpm

• transfer is required on glass in an aqueous medium [26]. Third, NCG fills the cracks present at the edges during spin coating the polymer and inhibits their propagation during the bending of the substrate. Raman spectroscopy is a powerful method to detect strain in graphene, which can be determined from

• . Experimental Piezoresistance measurements NCG was synthesized on a 300 nm SiO2/Si substrate by spin coating S1805 (1:10 dilution with propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, PGMEA) at 4000 rpm. The spin-coated Si/SiO2 substrate was loaded in a vacuum furnace and annealed at 600 °C for 10 h at 10−6 mbar. The

Modulated critical currents of spin-transfer torque-induced resistance changes in NiCu/Cu multilayered nanowires

• Mengqi Fu,
• Roman Hartmann,
• Julian Braun,
• Sergej Andreev,
• Torsten Pietsch and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 360–366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.32

• vertically patterned magnetic nanowires on a Si substrate. With this approach we fabricated three-dimensional nanowire-based spin valve devices without the need of complex etching processes or additional spacer coating. Through this method, we successfully obtained NiCu/Cu multilayered nanowire arrays with a

• controlled sequence along the long axis of the nanowires. Both magnetic switching and excitation phenomena driven by spin-polarized currents were clearly demonstrated in our NiCu/Cu multilayered nanowires. Moreover, the critical currents for switching and excitation were observed to be modulated in an

• oscillatory manner by the magnetic field in the nanowire-based devices. We present a toy model to qualitatively explain these observations. Keywords: AAO template; critical current; multilayered magnetic nanowires; spin-transfer torque; three-dimensional devices; Introduction Spin-transfer torque (STT) has

Controllable physicochemical properties of WO_x thin films grown under glancing angle

• Rupam Mandal,
• Aparajita Mandal,
• Alapan Dutta,
• Rengasamy Sivakumar,
• Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 350–359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.31

• curve fitting after Shirley background subtraction [38]. The two major symmetric peaks at 35.87 and 38.00 eV binding energies correspond to the 4f7/2 and 4f5/2 levels (spin–orbit splitting: 2.13 eV), respectively, indicating the presence of W6+ in the as-deposited WOx films [38][39]. The two minor peaks

Investigating structural and electronic properties of neutral zinc clusters: a G₀W₀ and G₀W₀Г₀⁽¹⁾ benchmark

• Sunila Bakhsh,
• Muhammad Khalid,
• Sameen Aslam,
• Muhammad Sohail,
• Muhammad Aamir Iqbal,
• Mujtaba Ikram and
• Kareem Morsy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 310–316, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.28

• the binding energy per atom of each cluster isomer, which can be defined as: where Etot is the total energy of the cluster after relaxation, n is the size of the cluster, and Eatom is the energy of a free atom. Here, we have also employed spin-polarized calculations to obtain the binding energies of

• Zn clusters. For metallic systems, spin effects significantly influence the total energies, and neglecting these effects can result in overestimating binding energies. The dimer binding energy obtained in our work is 0.022 eV, close to the experimental value of 0.03 eV [30]. We have also calculated

Design, fabrication, and characterization of kinetic-inductive force sensors for scanning probe applications

• August K. Roos,
• Ermes Scarano,
• Elisabet K. Arvidsson,
• Erik Holmgren and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 242–255, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.23

• niobium and titanium targets [33] in an ATC2200 from AJA International Inc., with a deposition rate of roughly 3 nm/min. (b) Pads and markers. A lift-off process defines the gold contact pads and alignment marks. We spin a 400 nm thick photoresist (maN1407), bake on a hotplate at 100 °C for 60 s and

• first spin a thin layer of an adhesion promoter (AR 300–80) before spinning a roughly 170 nm thick layer of the electron-beam resist ARP–6200–09 (CSAR 09), baking at 150 °C for 1 min. We expose with a dose of 110 μC/cm2 in a Voyager EBL system from Raith Nanofabrication and etch the Nb-Ti-N film using

• . Photolithography defines the chip and cantilever. We spin a 1.7 μm thick photoresist maP1225, bake at 105 °C for 2 min. We then expose with a dose of 300 mJ/cm2 in the MLA150, and develop in maD331 for 45 s. We etch through the Si-N layer using a CHF3/SF6 process with an etch rate of roughly 100 nm/min in the

Exploring disorder correlations in superconducting systems: spectroscopic insights and matrix element effects

• Vyacheslav D. Neverov,
• Alexander E. Lukyanov,
• Andrey V. Krasavin,
• Alexei Vagov,
• Boris G. Lvov and
• Mihail D. Croitoru

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 199–206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.19

• to model the s-wave Cooper pairing [51][52], Here, the particle number operators at site i are expressed through the electron operators with spin σ. The tunneling amplitude tij = −t is assumed nonzero only for the nearest sites, μ denotes the chemical potential, Vi is the disorder potential, and g

CdSe/ZnS quantum dots as a booster in the active layer of distributed ternary organic photovoltaics

• Gabriela Lewińska,
• Piotr Jeleń,
• Zofia Kucia,
• Maciej Sitarz,
• Łukasz Walczak,
• Bartłomiej Szafraniak,
• Jerzy Sanetra and
• Konstanty W. Marszalek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 144–156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.14

• –COOH groups, they can be easily labeled for chemical and biological applications. Low-molecular-weight organic molecules coat highly luminescent semiconductor nanocrystals. Materials and Methods Thin films, the intended active layers, were fabricated using the spin-coating method. The layers were a

• ultrasonicated for 20 s and then applied to the substrate according to the test method. The angular velocity of the spin coater was also determined by the specific test method and its required film thickness. To keep the typical ratio of the donor and acceptor equal to 1:1 and simultaneously highlight the QD

TEM sample preparation of lithographically patterned permalloy nanostructures on silicon nitride membranes

• Joshua Williams,
• Michael I. Faley,
• Joseph Vimal Vas,
• Peng-Han Lu and
• Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1–12, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.1

• imaging; nanodisk; nanofabrication; permalloy; Introduction The ability to study the spatial distribution of magnetization in ferromagnetic nanostructures is important for developing nanoelectronics, particularly for data storage and information processing. A vortex spin configuration has been observed

• copolymer dissolved in 1-methoxy-2-propanol with a solid content of 8%. Its viscosity is 36 mPa·s. After spinning at 4000 rpm and baking at 200 °C for 25 min, it has a thickness of around 500 nm. To spin coat a 3 mm TEM grid (Figure 2a,b), we used a special adapter (Figure 2c). The high baking temperature

• sides of the resist. There are, however, a few limitations to consider: The spin-coated resist may be inhomogeneous (edge bead effect) on smaller substrates, reducing the region where high-quality structures may be obtained. Furthermore, one cannot deposit metals at high temperature, and one has to

Spatial variations of conductivity of self-assembled monolayers of dodecanethiol on Au/mica and Au/Si substrates

• Julian Skolaut,
• Jędrzej Tepper,
• Federica Galli,
• Wulf Wulfhekel and
• Jan M. van Ruitenbeek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1169–1177, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.97

• , including many studies performed recently on SAMs of helical oligopeptides studying chiral-induced spin-selectivity [12][13][14][15]. Here, we re-examine the information that is obtained from CAFM, and we demonstrate that the nature of the metallic substrate is of critical importance. The lateral variation

Hierarchically patterned polyurethane microgrooves featuring nanopillars or nanoholes for neurite elongation and alignment

• Lester Uy Vinzons,
• Guo-Chung Dong and
• Shu-Ping Lin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1157–1168, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.96

• microgrooves (“hole–groove”), respectively. (Note that for the nanoholes, the spin-coating of the second SU-8 layer occasionally results in a patchy film, probably because of some residual PDMS from the nanopillar imprinter. Investigation of the SU-8 post-exposure baking parameters during thermal imprinting

• molds The formation of the SU-8 nanopillar array was similar to that of our previous study [16]. Briefly, a thin SU-8 layer was first hard-baked on a 2.5 cm × 2.5 cm glass slide as an adhesion layer. Then, the SU-8 layer to be patterned was spin-coated using a GBL-diluted SU-8 solution (SU-8 50/GBL vol

• served as a template for creating a PDMS nanopillar structure for the capillary thermal imprinting of SU-8. An AZ1518 film was spin-coated on glass coverslips at 5000 rpm and soft-baked at 100 °C for 1.5 min. Exposure was performed at a dose of 13 mJ·cm−2 with an array of 1.1 μm polystyrene nanospheres

Properties of tin oxide films grown by atomic layer deposition from tin tetraiodide and ozone

• Kristjan Kalam,
• Peeter Ritslaid,
• Tanel Käämbre,
• Aile Tamm and
• Kaupo Kukli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1085–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.89

• the Sn 3d5/2 main peak at almost 4 eV lower excitation energy (ca. 487 eV) [29][40][41] and no distinct triple peak structure, while the highest of the SnO2 triplet would already overlap with the SnO spin–orbit component (the Sn 3d3/2) main peak. In our opinion, the somewhat less sharp spectral shape

Dual-heterodyne Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Benjamin Grévin,
• Fatima Husainy,
• Dmitry Aldakov and
• Cyril Aumaître

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1068–1084, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.88

A visible-light photodetector based on heterojunctions between CuO nanoparticles and ZnO nanorods

• Doan Nhat Giang,
• Nhat Minh Nguyen,
• Duc Anh Ngo,
• Thanh Trang Tran,
• Le Thai Duy,
• Cong Khanh Tran,
• Thi Thanh Van Tran,
• Phan Phuong Ha La and
• Vinh Quang Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1018–1027, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.84

• process of the ZnO NRs was presented in a previous paper [63]. At the beginning, ZnO NPs (5% dispersion in ethanol) were spin-coated onto cleaned glass substrates at 3000 rpm for 30 s. Then, the sample was heat-treated at 90 °C. ZnO NRs were grown by a hydrothermal method from Zn(NO3)2·6H2O and HMTA (1:1

Low temperature atomic layer deposition of cobalt using dicobalt hexacarbonyl-1-heptyne as precursor

• Mathias Franz,
• Mahnaz Safian Jouzdani,
• Lysann Kaßner,
• Marcus Daniel,
• Frank Stahr and
• Stefan E. Schulz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 951–963, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.78

• correlates to a C=O bonding according to the results from the carbon spectrum [33]. The cobalt 2p peak is split into two parts, the 2p3/2 and the 2p1/2 component, because of the spin–orbit coupling. Cobalt in the metallic state (Co0) has a 2p3/2 peak at 777.3 eV [38] or 778.5 eV [39]. The XPS emission lines

Upscaling the urea method synthesis of CoAl layered double hydroxides

• Camilo Jaramillo-Hernández,
• Víctor Oestreicher,
• Martín Mizrahi and
• Gonzalo Abellán

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 927–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.76

• spin-coated on a Si wafer (3000 rpm, 40 s), washed with ethanol and dried afterward. For AFM, the samples were diluted in ethanol and drop-cast on a Si/SiO2 wafer. Si/SiO2 wafers were washed by spin-coating ten droplets of acetone and ten droplets of isopropanol prior to sample deposition. Scanning

Silver-based SERS substrates fabricated using a 3D printed microfluidic device

• Phommachith Sonexai,
• Minh Van Nguyen,
• Bui The Huy and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 793–803, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.65

• a substrate [23]. This procedure typically requires a clean room and expensive facilities such as a photolithography machine, a spin-coater, and photoresist agents, as well as long processing times and well-trained technical staff. Additionally, the photolithography process is limited to planar