Synthesis of aryl sulfides via radical–radical cross coupling of electron-rich arenes using visible light photoredox catalysis

• Amrita Das,
• Mitasree Maity,
• Simon Malcherek,
• Burkhard König and
• Julia Rehbein

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2520–2528, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.228

• )piperidine was obtained in both cases. See Supporting Information File 1 for the HRMS analysis of the TEMPO adduct. These radical trapping experiments show that initially a radical cation of the arene is formed by the excited photocatalyst, which then is trapped by the radical scavenger TEMPO. S–S bond

Comparative cell biological study of in vitro antitumor and antimetastatic activity on melanoma cells of GnRH-III-containing conjugates modified with short-chain fatty acids

• Eszter Lajkó,
• Sarah Spring,
• Rózsa Hegedüs,
• Beáta Biri-Kovács,
• Sven Ingebrandt,
• Gábor Mező and
• László Kőhidai

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2495–2509, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.226

• higher hydrazine concentration (4% in DMF) and longer treatment (12 × 5 min) for the complete removal of the protecting group. However, ivDde is more stable in circumstances (2% DBU, 2% piperidine in DMF) used for the Fmoc removal. To avoid the unwanted Dde removal during the synthesis ivDde was applied

Synthesis of 1,4-imino-L-lyxitols modified at C-5 and their evaluation as inhibitors of GH38 α-mannosidases

• Maroš Bella,
• Sergej Šesták,
• Ján Moncoľ,
• Miroslav Koóš and
• Monika Poláková

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2156–2162, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.189

• , 3-methylpiperidine 11 was isolated as a byproduct in 32% yield. A formation of the piperidine 11 proceeds via opening of aziridinium intermediate 10 (Scheme 1) [32]. Interestingly, a product of a ring expansion was not observed during the tosylate substitution with LiBHEt3. Simple acidic hydrolysis

Synthesis of new tricyclic 5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-d][1,4]diazepine derivatives by [3⁺ + 2]-cycloaddition/rearrangement reactions

• Lin-bo Luan,
• Zi-jie Song,
• Zhi-ming Li and
• Quan-rui Wang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1826–1833, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.155

• followed by a ring-expansion rearrangement. In the rearrangement reaction, the phenyl substituent in the initially formed spiro-triazolium adducts 16 underwent a [1,2]-migration from C(3) to the electron-deficient N(2). This led to the ring expansion from 6-membered piperidine to 7-membered diazepine

• has a strong proclivity for ring expansion to occur. Accordingly, the 6-membered piperidine ring was enlarged to the 7-membered diazepine ring giving the isolated benzo[b][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-d][1,4]diazepinium salts 10 via [1,2]-shift. It is noteworthy that the intermediate products 16 bear a

Defining the hydrophobic interactions that drive competence stimulating peptide (CSP)-ComD binding in Streptococcus pneumoniae

• Bimal Koirala,
• Robert A. Hillman,
• Erin K. Tiwold,
• Michael A. Bertucci and
• Yftah Tal-Gan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1769–1777, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.151

• of 0.2 M. Reactions were run at 50 W at a temperature of 75 °C for 8 minutes, followed by 2 × 3 min deprotection with 20% piperidine in DMF. Peptide purification. Crude peptides were purified with RP-HPLC. The crude peptide was dissolved in ACN/H2O (1:4) and purified in 2.0–2.4 mL portions on either

An amine protecting group deprotectable under nearly neutral oxidative conditions

• Shahien Shahsavari,
• Chase McNamara,
• Mark Sylvester,
• Emily Bromley,
• Savannah Joslin,
• Bao-Yuan Lu and
• Shiyue Fang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1750–1757, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.149

• and Fmoc protected diamine 9. We found that selective removal of Fmoc from 9 to give 8 could be achieved under typical Fmoc deprotection conditions involving piperidine. Selective removal of dM-Dmoc was also simple; treating 9 under the standard dM-Dmoc deprotection conditions gave the Fmoc protected

• equiv) in dry DCM (10 mL) was reacted with piperidine (2 mL) at rt under argon for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. The residue was purified with flash column chromatography (SiO2, 9:0.5:0.5 DCM/MeOH/Et3N; TLC Rf = 0.3, 9:1 DCM/MeOH) to give 8 as a light

Drug targeting to decrease cardiotoxicity – determination of the cytotoxic effect of GnRH-based conjugates containing doxorubicin, daunorubicin and methotrexate on human cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells

• Livia Polgár,
• Eszter Lajkó,
• Pál Soós,
• Orsolya Láng,
• Marilena Manea,
• Béla Merkely,
• Gábor Mező and
• László Kőhidai

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1583–1594, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.136

• with 10% piperidine in DMF providing the conjugates AN-152 and 1. It is worth mentioning that an O–N acyl shift (from the aglycone OH group to the daunosamine NH2 group ca. in 10–20%) was observed during the synthesis of conjugates containing an ester bond. This could be detected by the MS

Design and biological characterization of novel cell-penetrating peptides preferentially targeting cell nuclei and subnuclear regions

• Anja Gronewold,
• Mareike Horn and
• Ines Neundorf

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1378–1388, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.116

• rt as described previously [20]. CF-polymers were cleaved by treatment with 20% piperidine for 45 min. The successful coupling was verified by a Kaiser test [43]. To cleave the peptides from the resin, a mixture of triisopropylsilane (TIS), H2O and concentrated trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (1:1:38 v/v

Novel unit B cryptophycin analogues as payloads for targeted therapy

• Eduard Figueras,
• Adina Borbély,
• Mohamed Ismail,
• Marcel Frese and
• Norbert Sewald

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1281–1286, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.109

• and A succeeded as previously described in the literature; unit A (15) and C–D (16) were connected by Yamaguchi esterification to give 17 (Scheme 2) [45]. Then, Fmoc was cleaved from the N-terminus of unit C–D–A (17) using piperidine and the resulting crude amine was coupled to the corresponding

• , 2,4,6-trichlorobenzoyl chloride, Et3N, THF, 0 °C, 3 h; (b) 1) piperidine, DMF, rt, 2 h; 2) 13 or 14, HOAt, EDC·HCl, Et3N, CH2Cl2, 0 °C → rt, overnight; (c) 1) TFA/CH2Cl2/H2O, rt, 2 h; 2) HATU, HOAt, DIPEA, DMF, rt, slow addition + 2 h; (d) 1) (CH3O)3CH, PPTS, CH2Cl2, rt, 2 h; 2) AcBr, CH2Cl2, rt, 4 h; 3

Stereoselective nucleophilic addition reactions to cyclic N-acyliminium ions using the indirect cation pool method: Elucidation of stereoselectivity by spectroscopic conformational analysis and DFT calculations

• Koichi Mitsudo,
• Junya Yamamoto,
• Tomoya Akagi,
• Atsuhiro Yamashita,
• Masahiro Haisa,
• Kazuki Yoshioka,
• Hiroki Mandai,
• Koji Ueoka,
• Christian Hempel,
• Jun-ichi Yoshida and
• Seiji Suga

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1192–1202, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.100

• reacted with several nucleophiles. These reactions afforded disubstituted piperidine derivatives with high diastereoselectivities and good to excellent yields. The conformations of the obtained N-acyliminium ions were studied by low temperature NMR analyses and DFT calculations and were found to be

• consistent with the Steven’s hypothesis. Keywords: cation pool; conformation; electroorganic synthesis; N-acyliminium ion; NMR analysis; piperidine; Introduction Cyclic amines are significant key motifs in pharmaceutical and natural products because a variety of compounds bearing those moieties exhibit

• give the disubstituted piperidine derivatives in an excellent diastereoselective manner (Scheme 1). This result inspired us to investigate the stereochemistry of the N-acyliminium ions by means of NMR spectroscopy, which is challenging to achieve without using cation pool methods. The current report

Recyclable hypervalent-iodine-mediated solid-phase peptide synthesis and cyclic peptide synthesis

• Dan Liu,
• Ya-Li Guo,
• Jin Qu and
• Chi Zhang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1112–1119, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.97

• shown in Scheme 2. The C-terminal amino acid was immobilized onto the 2-Cl-Trt-Cl resin in the presence of 3.0 equiv of DIPEA in DCM/DMF (v:v 1:1). Subsequent peptide chain elongation was completed via Fmoc-SPPS protocol, which includes deprotection with 20% piperidine/DMF and peptide coupling with 3.0

Development of novel cyclic NGR peptide–daunomycin conjugates with dual targeting property

• Andrea Angelo Pierluigi Tripodi,
• Szilárd Tóth,
• Kata Nóra Enyedi,
• Gitta Schlosser,
• Gergely Szakács and
• Gábor Mező

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 911–918, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.78

• GmbH, Marktredwitz, Germany) were used for the synthesis except Fmoc-Lys(Mtt)-OH that was applied for the development of branching in the peptide. The protocol of the SPPS was similarly as described in [17] as follows: (i) DMF washing (4 × 0.5 min), (ii) Fmoc deprotection with 2% DBU, 2% piperidine

• (Biolegend, San Diego CA). Samples were detected and analyzed by using an Attitude® Acoustic Focusing Cytometer (ThermoFischer Scientific). Schematic synthesis of cyclic KNGRE (A) and XNGRE (B) drug conjugates. a) Mtt-cleavage: 2% TFA/DCM; b) Fmoc-Aaa(X)-OH coupling; c) Fmoc-cleavage 2% piperidine/2% DBU/DMF

Anodic oxidation of bisamides from diaminoalkanes by constant current electrolysis

• Tatiana Golub and
• James Y. Becker

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 861–868, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.72

• group attached to the N atom in various piperidine derivatives (Scheme 6) on the anodic oxidation of 'cyclic amides' was explored in methanol under different experimental conditions [17]. The results indicate that this type of amides mostly undergo mono- and dimethoxylation at the α and α'-positions to

Phosphodiester models for cleavage of nucleic acids

• Satu Mikkola,
• Tuomas Lönnberg and
• Harri Lönnberg

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 803–837, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.68

• amines experience only a modest change [67]. Accordingly, general acid/base catalysis may be studied with amine buffers at much lower hydroxide ion concentrations than in water. This technique was first applied by the group of Yatsimirsky to cleavage of a HPNP [38]. In 0.1 mol L−1 piperidine buffer, for

• attack of the 2´-OH. The situation seems, however, to be rather different with dinucleoside-3´,5´-monophosphates. The buffer-catalyzed reaction of UpU is not so much faster than the buffer-independent reaction, in 0.1 mol L−1 piperidine buffer only 4-fold faster [68]. No second-order dependence of rate

Synthesis and in vitro biochemical evaluation of oxime bond-linked daunorubicin–GnRH-III conjugates developed for targeted drug delivery

• Sabine Schuster,
• Beáta Biri-Kovács,
• Bálint Szeder,
• Viktor Farkas,
• László Buday,
• Zsuzsanna Szabó,
• Gábor Halmos and
• Gábor Mező

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 756–771, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.64

• -hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (HOBt), N,N’-diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC), triisopropylsilane (TIS), piperidine, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA), acetic anhydride (Ac2O), methanol (MeOH), n-butyric anhydride and solvent for HPLC (acetonitrile (ACN

• )-OH, Fmoc-His(Trt)-OH and Fmoc-Ser(t-Bu)-OH. Pyroglutamic acid (Glp or piperidine, 2% DBU in DMF (4 times; 2 + 2 + 5 + 10 min

5-Aminopyrazole as precursor in design and synthesis of fused pyrazoloazines

• Ranjana Aggarwal and
• Suresh Kumar

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 203–242, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.15

• -aminopyrazole 16, arylaldehyde 47, and 2H-thiopyran-3,5(4H,6H)-dione (79) in glacial acetic acid in presence of ammonium acetate (Scheme 20). The multicomponent reaction of 5-amino-3-hydroxypyrazoles 82, substituted salicylic aldehydes 83 and acetylacetic ester 81 in acetic acid with few drops of piperidine was

Position-dependent impact of hexafluoroleucine and trifluoroisoleucine on protease digestion

• Susanne Huhmann,
• Anne-Katrin Stegemann,
• Kristin Folmert,
• Damian Klemczak,
• Johann Moschner,
• Michelle Kube and
• Beate Koksch

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2869–2882, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.279

• the Fmoc deprotection of the fluorinated amino acids, free N-termini were capped by adding a mixture of acetic anhydride (Ac2O, 10% (v/v)) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA, 10% (v/v)) in DMF (3 × 10 min). Fmoc deprotection was achieved by treatment with 20% (v/v) piperidine in DMF (3 × 10 min

CF₃SO₂X (X = Na, Cl) as reagents for trifluoromethylation, trifluoromethylsulfenyl-, -sulfinyl- and -sulfonylation. Part 1: Use of CF₃SO₂Na

• Hélène Guyon,
• Hélène Chachignon and
• Dominique Cahard

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2764–2799, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.272

• allowing access to various β-trifluoromethyl ketones 24 featuring aryl, alkyl, functionalised alkyl, alkenyl, acetal, silylated alcohol, pyran, and piperidine functionalities (R group in 24). Mechanistic studies by 19F NMR allowed to identify CF3 complexes of copper(I) and copper(III) and the predominance

Vinylphosphonium and 2-aminovinylphosphonium salts – preparation and applications in organic synthesis

• Anna Kuźnik,
• Roman Mazurkiewicz and
• Beata Fryczkowska

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2710–2738, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.269

• the nucleophilic agents used in these reactions were usually prepared by reaction of sodium hydride or sodium ethoxide with a proper nucleophile, such as diethylamine, piperidine, pyrrole, ethanol, p-toluenesulfonamide, thiophenol and others. Depending on the reactants used, Z- or E-stereoisomers of

One-pot three-component route for the synthesis of S-trifluoromethyl dithiocarbamates using Togni’s reagent

• Azim Ziyaei Halimehjani,
• Martin Dračínský and
• Petr Beier

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2502–2508, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.247

• afforded the corresponding isothiocyanate in high yield. A variable temperature NMR study revealed a rotational barrier of 14.6, 18.8, and 15.9 kcal/mol for the C–N bond in the dithiocarbamate moiety of piperidine, pyrrolidine, and diethylamine adducts, respectively. In addition, the calculated barriers of

• Discussion We started our investigation with a one-pot, three-component reaction of piperidine, CS2, and a cyclic hypervalent iodane (Togni's reagent I) as a model reaction to find the optimal reaction conditions for the preparation of S-trifluoromethyl dithiocarbamates (Table 1). In the first run, we

• observed that the reaction of piperidine (1 equiv) with CS2 (2 equiv) in THF for 10 min followed by the addition of Togni's reagent I (1 equiv) and stirring for 2 hours at room temperature afforded the corresponding trifluoromethyl dithiocarbamate 4a in 25% isolated yield and the corresponding thiuram

Asymmetric synthesis of propargylamines as amino acid surrogates in peptidomimetics

• Matthias Wünsch,
• David Schröder,
• Tanja Fröhr,
• Lisa Teichmann,
• Sebastian Hedwig,
• Nils Janson,
• Clara Belu,
• Jasmin Simon,
• Shari Heidemeyer,
• Philipp Holtkamp,
• Jens Rudlof,
• Lennard Klemme,
• Alessa Hinzmann,
• Beate Neumann,
• Hans-Georg Stammler and
• Norbert Sewald

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2428–2441, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.240

• . Consequently it was not removed prior to the rearrangement experiments. Treatment of 11i and 11k with the mild base piperidine led to the formation of α,β-unsaturated sulfinylimines 12i and 12k. The structures of the rearranged products were proven unequivocally by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystal

• turned brightly yellow when treated with bases like piperidine. The X-ray crystal structures of 11i and 12i confirm unequivocally the structure of the products and thus the postulated two-step rearrangement. Both, the rearrangement of the alkyne to the allene and the subsequent tautomerism to the α,β

• /piperidine (3:1), rt, 2 h. (b) (COCl)2, DMSO, NEt3, −78 °C, DCM. (c) (R)-tert-Butyl sulfinamide ((R)-1), CuSO4, DCM, rt, 3 d (see GP-2). (d) iPrMgBr, THF, −38 °C, AlMe3 in n-hexane (4a, 13%, dr 99:1). (e) MeLi in Et2O, toluene, −30 °C, AlMe3 in n-hexane (4b, 4%, dr 52:48). (f) MeMgBr in Et2O, toluene, −35 °C

Homologated amino acids with three vicinal fluorines positioned along the backbone: development of a stereoselective synthesis

• Raju Cheerlavancha,
• Ahmed Ahmed,
• Yun Cheuk Leung,
• Aggie Lawer,
• Qing-Quan Liu,
• Marina Cagnes,
• Hee-Chan Jang,
• Xiang-Guo Hu and
• Luke Hunter

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2316–2325, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.228

• piperidine-2,5-dione scaffold might prove more tractable in the future, but this has not yet been investigated in our laboratories. Since the first two approaches to target 6 (Scheme 1 and Scheme 2) were unsuccessful, we reasoned that a better-precedented synthetic method was needed. O’Hagan and co-workers

Curcuminoid–BF₂ complexes: Synthesis, fluorescence and optimization of BF₂ group cleavage

• Henning Weiss,
• Jeannine Reichel,
• Helmar Görls,
• Kilian Rolf Anton Schneider,
• Mathias Micheel,
• Michael Pröhl,
• Michael Gottschaldt,
• Benjamin Dietzek and
• Wolfgang Weigand

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2264–2272, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.223

• ]. Boric acid esters like tri-n-butyl borate are normally used to scavenge water being produced during the reaction, while piperidine [9] and n-butylamine [10][11] are typical bases used as catalysts for this type of reaction (Scheme 1). Although working well with vanillin and similar derivatives, the

Preactivation-based chemoselective glycosylations: A powerful strategy for oligosaccharide assembly

• Weizhun Yang,
• Bo Yang,
• Sherif Ramadan and
• Xuefei Huang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2094–2114, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.207

• /AgOTf [18], N-iodosuccinimide (NIS)/TMSOTf [18], dimethyl(methylthio)sulfonium triflate (DMTST) [18], 1-(benzenesulfinyl)piperidine (BSP)/Tf2O [18][19][49], S-(4-methoxyphenyl)benzene-thiosulfinate (MBPT)/Tf2O [50], Ph2SO/Tf2O [36][51], O,O-dimethylthiophosphonosulfenyl bromide (DMTPSB)/AgOTf [52], and

• , then Tf2O, 46, −60 °C to 0 °C. Effects of anomeric leaving groups on glycosylation outcomes. Reagents and conditions: (a) Ph2SO, Tf2O, TTBP, CH2Cl2, −40 °C; then acceptor, −40 °C to rt, (b) 1-(benzenesulfinyl)piperidine, Tf2O, CH2Cl2, −60 °C, then acceptor, (c) 10% trifluoroacetic acid in Ac2O, 0 °C to

• rt, then 6% piperidine in THF. Reactivity-based one-pot chemoselective glycosylation. Preactivation-based iterative glycosylation of thioglycosides. BSP/Tf2O promoted synthesis of 75. Proposed mechanism for preactivation-based glycosylation strategy. The more electron-rich glycosyl donor 91 gave a

Peptide synthesis: ball-milling, in solution, or on solid support, what is the best strategy?

• Ophélie Maurin,
• Pascal Verdié,
• Gilles Subra,
• Frédéric Lamaty,
• Jean Martinez and
• Thomas-Xavier Métro

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2087–2093, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.206

• amounts of organic solvents (DMF, NMP, 1,4-dioxane, DCM), coupling agents (uroniums, phosphoniums, carbodiimides and auxiliary nucleophiles) and bases (Et3N, DIPEA, piperidine) are required for their synthesis and purification [4][7]. Unfortunately, these chemicals present highly undesirable safety

• of Fmoc-V-OH with H-IA-resin and for the deprotection of Fmoc-IA-resin that were performed during 90 min at room temperature, the coupling steps were performed at 70 °C for 7 min under microwave irradiation. The deprotection steps were carried out with piperidine/DMF 1:4 for 3 min at 70 °C. After the