Synthesis and acaricidal activity against Varroa destructor of α- and γ-costic acid dimers

• Alessandro Santarsiere,
• Ernesto Santoro,
• Maria Letizia Ciavatta,
• Marianna Carbone,
• Sonia Ganassi,
• Cosimo Tedino,
• Antonio De Cristofaro,
• Antonio Evidente and
• Stefano Superchi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 1088–1096, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.87

• -costic acid (3), supporting one more time the potential of compound 3 as a valuable alternative to existing synthetic and natural acaricides for V. destructor control. The structural features that are mostly involved in the acaricidal activity of costic acid derivatives are both the presence of a free

Amino acid-based surfactants: sustainable synthesis and antimicrobial mechanisms

• Rafaela Gomes Bezerra,
• Lourdes Pérez and
• Francisco Fábio Oliveira de Sousa

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 1067–1085, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.85

• antimicrobial efficacy of these surfactants is highly dependent on structural features, including hydrophobic tail length (C12–C16 chains show optimal activity) [18][19]; cationic charge localization (e.g., arginine’s guanide group vs lysine’s primary amine) [21][22] and self-assembly properties (e.g., CMC

• pyridinium surfactants show significantly lower hemolytic activity due to tail fluorination [109]. Therapeutic index (TI) comparison across surfactant classes The cytotoxicity of amino acid-based surfactants seems to be driven by the same structural features that affect the antimicrobial activity. In general

Novel macrocycles: from synthesis to supramolecular function

• Veronica Iuliano,
• Carmen Talotta,
• Margherita De Rosa,
• Paolo Della Sala,
• Konrad Tiefenbacher,
• Pablo Ballester and
• Carmine Gaeta

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 982–985, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.76

• distinctive structural features and supramolecular behavior stimulated the development of numerous related macrocycles, including biphenarenes [10], oxatubarenes [11], saucerarenes [12], pagodarenes [13], calix[2]naphth[2]arenes [14], naphthotubes [15], and finally prismarenes [16], all of which are

Halogenated azobenzene acrylates: from efficient solution photoswitching to stable solid-state photochromic materials

• Martina Vachtlová,
• Michaela Fecková,
• Vítězslav Zima,
• Jan Podlesný,
• Milan Klikar,
• Oldřich Pytela,
• Patrik Pařík,
• Jakub Opršal,
• Eliška Juhaňáková,
• Veronika Chrtová and
• Filip Bureš

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 782–794, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.60

• . Considering the structural features and the measured peak potentials Epred1,cat around −1.6 V, the first reduction process is most reasonably assigned to the azo group, since azobenzene and related azo-derivatives are known to undergo an initial one-electron reduction at the N=N bond, affording the

Kinetic resolution of racemic planar-chiral vinylcymantrenes by molybdenum-catalyzed asymmetric metathesis dimerization

• Haruna Imazu,
• Hitoshi Izu,
• Yasuhiro Ohki and
• Masamichi Ogasawara

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 568–574, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.42

• , vinylferrocene [30], and vinylphosphaferrocene [31]) in the AMD/KR reactions using Mo/(R)-L1. The views of the molecules from the view point opposite to the central metal cations (Mn(I) or Fe(II)) are illustrated at the bottom of Figure 2. All the three compounds possess the similar structural features: (1

Synthesis and anti-cancer activity of naphthalimide–organylselanyl conjugates

• Rajkumar Ravi and
• Selvakumar Karuthapandi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 416–435, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.29

• . Comparison with the crystal structure of 4HJO co-crystallised ligand erlotinib (Figure 10c) further confirmed that the synthesised ligands exhibit a similar interaction pattern within the inactive tyrosine kinase domain of the EGFR. The compounds 7 and 8 possess well-defined structural features comprising

Non-central chirality in organic chemistry

• Ken Tanaka and
• Naohiko Yoshikai

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 370–371, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.24

• , planes, helices, and more global structural features can equally serve as stereogenic elements, giving rise to what is broadly termed non-central chirality. Rather than constituting a single structural motif, non-central chirality encompasses a diverse family of stereogenic architectures whose

Arene activation via π-bond localization: concepts and opportunities

• Paul Meiners,
• Julian J. Melder and
• Tobias Morack

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 257–273, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.19

• disrupts π-bond delocalization, culminating in a C–C distance of 1.33 Å that corroborates a localized double-bond character. Although the structural features of η4-coordinated arenes clearly indicate enhanced reactivity and access to alkene-like transformations, the seminal Ru system remains synthetically

A mild and atom-efficient four-component cascade strategy for the construction of biologically relevant 4-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives

• Dmitrii A. Grishin,
• Kseniia I. Sharkovskaia,
• Ilya G. Kolmakov,
• Daria A. Ipatova,
• Rostislav A. Petrov,
• Nikolai D. Dagaev,
• Dmitry A. Skvortsov,
• Maria G. Khrenova,
• Valeriy V. Andreychev,
• Sergei A. Evteev,
• Yan A. Ivanenkov,
• Roman L. Antipin,
• Olga А. Dontsova and
• Elena K. Beloglazkina

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 244–256, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.18

• observed in the tested biological models, the findings provide a solid foundation for further structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies aimed at identifying key structural features responsible for the predicted biological effects. Importantly, the absence of cytotoxicity confirms the pharmacological

Efficient solid-phase synthesis and structural characterization of segetalins A–H, J and K

• Liangyu Liu,
• Wanqiu Lu,
• Quanping Guo and
• Zhaoqing Xu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2612–2617, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.202

• properties (3). Given their unique structural features and pharmacological potential, segetalins have become important targets for both synthetic chemistry and drug development. However, efficient and general synthetic routes to access this family have remained limited over the past decades. Previous

Total syntheses of highly oxidative Ryania diterpenoids facilitated by innovations in synthetic strategies

• Zhi-Qi Cao,
• Jin-Bao Qiao and
• Yu-Ming Zhao

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2553–2570, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.198

• series of structurally simple and readily accessible precursor compounds [2]. Based on this philosophy, chemists have developed a variety of classical synthetic strategies to address target molecules with diverse structural features. For instance, “divergent synthesis” employs a universal chiral advanced

Comparative analysis of complanadine A total syntheses

• Reem Al-Ahmad and
• Mingji Dai

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2334–2344, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.178

• significant amount of synthetic attention due to their unique structural features and promising therapeutic potential. To date, four total syntheses of complanadine A have been reported from the groups of Siegel [14][15], Sarpong [16], Tsukano [17], and Dai [18], together with one synthetic study from Lewis

The application of desymmetric enantioselective reduction of cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds in the total synthesis of terpenoid and alkaloid natural products

• Dong-Xing Tan and
• Fu-She Han

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2085–2102, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.164

• antibacterial therapies. The intriguing structural features and potential bioactivities have stimulated tremendous synthetic efforts [77][78][79][80][81]. In 2024, the group of Lou and Xu presented a unified and efficient route for the syntheses of (−)-platensilin, (−)-platencin, and (−)-platensimycin by

Measuring the stereogenic remoteness in non-central chirality: a stereocontrol connectivity index for asymmetric reactions

• Ivan Keng Wee On,
• Yu Kun Choo,
• Sambhav Baid and
• Ye Zhu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1995–2006, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.155

• positioning of stereochemically relevant elements, independent of the type of transformation. Additionally, the index enables the identification of the minimal set of structural features in a molecule that are recognized by chiral catalysts to achieve stereocontrol. Results and Discussion We envisaged that

• substrates, thereby representing the minimal structural features recognized by chiral catalysts or reagents. Furthermore, the index should be derived from straightforward analysis of the chemical structures of the substrates and the products without the need for conformational analysis and mechanistic

• chirality from the chiral catalyst to the product. In other words, the chiral catalyst needs to recognize, through electronic and steric effects, at least the structural features reflected by the stereocontrol connectivity index to induce enantioselectivity. Therefore, the stereocontrol connectivity index

Enantioselective desymmetrization strategy of prochiral 1,3-diols in natural product synthesis

• Lihua Wei,
• Rui Yang,
• Zhifeng Shi and
• Zhiqiang Ma

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1932–1963, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.151

• of compound 248, establishing an expected C6 stereocenter and a chiral quaternary carbon center at C16. This desymmetrization was enabled due to the structural features of diol 246, wherein the proximal hydroxy group was functionalized, while the distal hydroxy group remained intact. The synthesis of

Synthesis, biological and electrochemical evaluation of glycidyl esters of phosphorus acids as potential anticancer drugs

• Almaz A. Zagidullin,
• Emil R. Bulatov,
• Mikhail N. Khrizanforov,
• Damir R. Davletshin,
• Elvina M. Gilyazova,
• Ivan A. Strelkov and
• Vasily A. Miluykov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1909–1916, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.148

• differences in IC50 values reflected the degree of alkylating potency and the selective toxicity toward cancer cells. Conclusion In this study, we synthesized and comprehensively characterized a series of glycidyl esters of phosphorus acids 1–3, evaluating their structural features, cytotoxic potential, and

Synthesis of chiral cyclohexane-linked bisimidazolines

• Changmeng Xi,
• Qingshan Sun and
• Jiaxi Xu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1786–1790, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.140

• vicinal amino alcohols as starting materials in their synthesis. However, it is difficult to tune the electronic effects of cHBOX ligands. Chiral cyclohexane-1,2-linked bisimidazolines possess similar structural features as cHBOX ligands and their electronic effect can be tuned by the introduction of

Research progress on calixarene/pillararene-based controlled drug release systems

• Liu-Huan Yi,
• Jian Qin,
• Si-Ran Lu,
• Liu-Pan Yang,
• Li-Li Wang and
• Huan Yao

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1757–1785, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.139

• applications. This section will focus on the structural features and applications of CAs and PAs. 1.1 CAs: structure and properties CAs are the third generation of supramolecular hosts [40], succeeding cyclodextrins and crown ethers. They are macrocycles composed of phenolic units condensed with formaldehyde

Structural analysis of stereoselective galactose pyruvylation toward the synthesis of bacterial capsular polysaccharides

• Tsun-Yi Chiang,
• Mei-Huei Lin,
• Chun-Wei Chang,
• Jinq-Chyi Lee and
• Cheng-Chung Wang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1671–1677, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.131

• immunological cross-reactivity. Moreover, pyruvate ketals are recognized as immunodominant structural features of polysaccharides, which are important in cell–cell recognition processes [13][14][15][16][17][18]. The pyruvate ketal is an important portion of immunological determinant in bacterial polysaccharides

Transition-state aromaticity and its relationship with reactivity in pericyclic reactions

• Israel Fernández

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1613–1626, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.125

• [1][2][3]. Initially introduced to account for the remarkable stability, low reactivity, and unique structural features of benzene and related aromatic hydrocarbons, the concept has undergone a significant evolution [4]. Since the introduction of the famous Hückel’s (4n + 2) rule [5], first clearly

Thermodynamic equilibrium between locally excited and charge transfer states in perylene–phenothiazine dyads

• Issei Fukunaga,
• Shunsuke Kobashi,
• Yuki Nagai,
• Hiroki Horita,
• Hiromitsu Maeda and
• Yoichi Kobayashi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1577–1586, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.121

• structural characterization A series of π-orthogonal D–A molecules based on the Pe–PTZ framework were synthesized to systematically modulate the electronic properties and spatial arrangement between the donor and acceptor units. Structural features were designed to ensure orthogonality between the Pe and PTZ

pH-Controlled isomerization kinetics of ortho-disubstituted benzamidines: E/Z isomerism and axial chirality

• Ryota Kimura,
• Satoshi Ichikawa and
• Akira Katsuyama

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1568–1576, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.120

• various fields, such as functional materials, biological probes, and drugs. a) Structural features of DiBA. b) Resonance structure of the amide moiety of DiBA. c) Molecular form and protonated structure of ortho-disubstituted benzamidine. Rotational barriers of 2-bromo-N,N,6-trimethylbenzimidamide and its

Photoredox-catalyzed arylation of isonitriles by diaryliodonium salts towards benzamides

• Nadezhda M. Metalnikova,
• Nikita S. Antonkin,
• Tuan K. Nguyen,
• Natalia S. Soldatova,
• Alexander V. Nyuchev,
• Mikhail A. Kinzhalov and
• Pavel S. Postnikov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1480–1488, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.110

• evaluated and their reactivity was systematically analyzed in relation to the structural features of the iodonium salts and isonitriles. The study revealed that EWG-substituted diaryliodonium salts exhibited superior performance compared to EDG-substituted ones. Furthermore, the potential for selective

Advances in nitrogen-containing helicenes: synthesis, chiroptical properties, and optoelectronic applications

• Meng Qiu,
• Jing Du,
• Nai-Te Yao,
• Xin-Yue Wang and
• Han-Yuan Gong

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1422–1453, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.106

• electronic structures and enhance properties such as fluorescence efficiency, charge transport, and chiroptical responses. In this section, we begin by summarizing representative imide-functionalized helicenes, highlighting their structural features and photophysical performances. In 2020, Ravat’s group

Oxetanes: formation, reactivity and total syntheses of natural products

• Peter Gabko,
• Martin Kalník and
• Maroš Bella

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1324–1373, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.101

• vitro [19]. As for natural occurrence of oxetanes, they are relatively uncommon, and an extensive review has recently been published by Dembitsky which explored the structural features and biological activities of oxetane-containing natural products [20]. Some of the most famous examples are taxol [21