Mechanistic insights into plasmonic photocatalysts in utilizing visible light

• Kah Hon Leong,
• Azrina Abd Aziz,
• Lan Ching Sim,
• Pichiah Saravanan,
• Min Jang and
• Detlef Bahnemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 628–648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.59

• photocatalysis reactions, including oxidation of benzyl alcohol, hydrogenation of nitrobenzene and the Suzuki coupling reaction. The strong electrical field intensity at 1500 nm (Figure 19) reveals that the LSPR is more significant when the irradiation wavelength is near to the Cu7S4 LSPR peak [111]. Likewise

Sugarcane juice derived carbon dot–graphitic carbon nitride composites for bisphenol A degradation under sunlight irradiation

• Lan Ching Sim,
• Jing Lin Wong,
• Chen Hong Hak,
• Jun Yan Tai,
• Kah Hon Leong and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 353–363, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.35

• structure [31] and the hydrogenation of g-C3N4 [32] could be an alternative to increase the light-harvesting ability and charge separation efficiency. Our group has reported the self-modification of g-C3N4 structures using alkaline [28] and acid treatment [29] to overcome the limitations of g-C3N4. Despite

Synthesis and characterization of electrospun molybdenum dioxide–carbon nanofibers as sulfur matrix additives for rechargeable lithium–sulfur battery applications

• Ruiyuan Zhuang,
• Shanshan Yao,
• Maoxiang Jing,
• Xiangqian Shen,
• Jun Xiang,
• Tianbao Li,
• Kesong Xiao and
• Shibiao Qin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 262–270, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.28

• known to be active in numerous reactions associated with noble metals, such as CO2 hydrogenation, water gas shift, alcohol synthesis and hydrazine decomposition. Here, CH4/H2 atmosphere was not used during calcination, which was much safer and facile when compared to other methods [27]. Raman

Electron-driven and thermal chemistry during water-assisted purification of platinum nanomaterials generated by electron beam induced deposition

• Ziyan Warneke,
• Markus Rohdenburg,
• Jonas Warneke,
• Janina Kopyra and
• Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 77–90, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.10

• that reduction of MeCpH is a concurrent reaction to addition of H2O yielding an alcohol. At the same time, the absence of a noticeable desorption signal in the m/z 69 curve which is one of the most intense fragments of methyl cyclopentane [32] rules out the hydrogenation of both double bonds. While the

Synthesis of metal-fluoride nanoparticles supported on thermally reduced graphite oxide

• Alexa Schmitz,
• Kai Schütte,
• Vesko Ilievski,
• Juri Barthel,
• Laura Burk,
• Rolf Mülhaupt,
• Junpei Yue,
• Bernd Smarsly and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2474–2483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.247

• Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction [14]. In 2011, metal carbonyls in dispersion with TRGO and ionic liquid (IL) were exposed to short low-energy microwave irradiation. The resulting Ru@TRGO and Rh@TRGO particles had high catalytic hydrogenation activity [12]. Metallic nanoparticles on graphene have

Adsorption and diffusion characteristics of lithium on hydrogenated α- and β-silicene

• Fadil Iyikanat,
• Ali Kandemir,
• Cihan Bacaksiz and
• Hasan Sahin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1742–1748, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.175

• -hydrogenated silicene exhibits ferromagnetic semiconducting behavior with a band gap of 0.95 eV [27]. Hydrogenation leads indirect-to-direct gap transitions in bilayer silicene [28]. In the experimental study of Qiu et al., the ordered and reversible hydrogenation of silicene was performed [29]. Moreover

• , Medina et al. demonstrated that hydrogenation leads to a structural transition from the classical α-(3×3) phase to the β-(3×3) phase [30]. It was indicated that β-(3×3) phase could coexist with α-(3×3) phase. Despite recent experimental studies on these phases, no theoretical study has ever been reported

• the hydrogenated α- and β-phases “H-α-Si” and “H-β-Si”, respectively. Due to the existence of the Ag(111) surface, one side of silicene is accessible to hydrogenation. Previous studies showed that H atoms interact with the upper Si atoms of silicene and enhances the buckling of H-α-Si and H-β-Si [30

Low-temperature CO oxidation over Cu/Pt co-doped ZrO₂ nanoparticles synthesized by solution combustion

• Amit Singhania and
• Shipra Mital Gupta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1546–1552, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.156

• for CO oxidation reaction in literature [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Recently, ZrO2 has been used as a catalyst and support in different catalytic reactions such as solid-oxide fuel cells, ethanol reforming, hydrogen generation and hydrogenation [13][14][15][16][17]. It is reported to be more inert in

Nanocrystalline ZrO₂ and Pt-doped ZrO₂ catalysts for low-temperature CO oxidation

• Amit Singhania and
• Shipra Mital Gupta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 264–271, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.29

• different researchers in several important catalytic reactions such as autothermal reforming of ethanol [19], in solid oxide fuel cells [9] and hydrogenation reactions [20]. The addition of Pt to ZrO2 can increase the oxygen vacancies and oxygen storage capacity, which play a major role in lowering the CO

In situ characterization of hydrogen absorption in nanoporous palladium produced by dealloying

• Eva-Maria Steyskal,
• Christopher Wiednig,
• Norbert Enzinger and
• Roland Würschum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1197–1201, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.110

• potential-assisted dealloying [5] has been studied recently with regards to actuation upon electrochemical hydrogenation [4] as well as hydrogen solubility from the gas phase [6]. In the present study np-Pd is produced by electrochemically dealloying a Co–Pd master alloy and investigated upon

• electrochemical H absorption in an alkaline aqueous electrolyte. Volume and electrical resistance of the sample, two qualities both known to sensitively depend on the H content of Pd [7][8][4][9][10][11], are monitored in situ during electrochemical hydrogenation and compared to literature data. The Co–Pd master

• actuation might influence R: An expansion during hydrogenation may disconnect electrical contacts in the nanoporous network, leading to a resistance increase. Such a mechanical effect would also explain the noisy R-signal due to immediate resistance changes caused by opening/closing connections. Since

Reasons and remedies for the agglomeration of multilayered graphene and carbon nanotubes in polymers

• Rasheed Atif and
• Fawad Inam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1174–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.109

• ]. The different reactions for functionalization include cycloadditions such as the Diels–Alder reaction and the addition of azomethine ylides, carbene and nitrene addition, chlorination, bromination and hydrogenation [40]. Different chemically attached functional groups on the sidewalls of nanotubes are

Synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials for energy generation and storage

• Marco Notarianni,
• Jinzhang Liu,
• Kristy Vernon and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 149–196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.17

• process and to insert the plate where the final material is deposited (Figure 6) [31]. Chemical methods have also been proposed to synthetize fullerenes, but the production yield is so low that it is considered only for research purposes. For example, C60 can be produced by the pyrolysis hydrogenation of

Heterometal nanoparticles from Ru-based molecular clusters covalently anchored onto functionalized carbon nanotubes and nanofibers

• Deborah Vidick,
• Xiaoxing Ke,
• Michel Devillers,
• Claude Poleunis,
• Arnaud Delcorte,
• Pietro Moggi,
• Gustaaf Van Tendeloo and
• Sophie Hermans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1287–1297, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.133

• of the MWNTs used [19] and the type of CNT (single-, double- or multi-walled nanotubes) considered [20]. Bimetal Ru–Pt catalysts for the hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde were prepared by impregnation of carbon nanotubes, graphite nanofibers (GNFs) and activated carbon (AC) for comparison [21]. It was

Preparation of Ni/Cu composite nanowires

• Hu Wang,
• Xiaoyu Li,
• Ming Li,
• Kenan Xie and
• Li Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1268–1271, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.130

• recent years, the catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to light hydrocarbons has been recognized as one of the most effective and economical ways to fix and utilize a large amount of anthropogenic CO2 [1][2][3]. Nickel and copper, which are extensively applied in industry, are efficient hydrogenation catalysts

• both with regard to conversion and selectivity of CO2 hydrogenation [4][5][6]. Nanoparticles of metals possess the advantages of a small grain diameter and a high specific surface area [7][8][9]. However, the active region on the surface cannot be completely used because of aggregation of the particles

• used as reductant to reduce Cu2+ to synthesize Ni/Cu composite nanowires. Compared with nickel or copper nanowires of the same diameter, the Ni/Cu composite nanowires are expected to perform better in CO2 hydrogenation because their surface consists of a great number of small particles, which increases

Nanoparticle shapes by using Wulff constructions and first-principles calculations

• Georgios D. Barmparis,
• Zbigniew Lodziana,
• Nuria Lopez and
• Ioannis N. Remediakis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 361–368, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.35

• number of such atoms in a nanoparticle of a given diameter [47][48][49]. This procedure was recently used to account for the nanoparticle size-dependent TOF of a Ag catalyst in the selective semi-hydrogenation of alkyne–alkene mixtures [57]. Another advantage of the atomistic Wulff construction is that

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of graphitic carbon nanomaterials doped with heteroatoms

• Toma Susi,
• Thomas Pichler and
• Paola Ayala

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 177–192, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.17

• substitutions [67][164][168][171]. Furthermore, hydrogenation of the nitrogen dopants (perhaps of substitutional N, but maybe more plausibly of edge pyridinic N atoms [172][173]) would also be expected to raise the measured binding energies, possibly contributing to the observed overlaps. More studies are

Liquid fuel cells

• Grigorii L. Soloveichik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1399–1418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.153

• ) although side reactions, such as dehydration, are possible [23]. The rate of H2 generation from LOHCs is high enough to satisfy the demands of mobile applications, and the stability of the dehydrogenation catalyst exceeds several hundred hours [24]. The selectivity of dehydrogenation/hydrogenation

• energy density of these systems is lower than those based on the full oxidation, but potentially they can be used for energy storage via electrochemical hydrogenation of the spent fuel (Equation 6 reverse). This approach is much simpler because it does not require an additional dehydrogenation catalyst

Fringe structures and tunable bandgap width of 2D boron nitride nanosheets

• Peter Feng,
• Muhammad Sajjad,
• Eric Yiming Li,
• Hongxin Zhang,
• Jin Chu,
• Ali Aldalbahi and
• Gerardo Morell

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1186–1192, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.130

• and other impurities are detected except for a very small amount of oxygen, which is possibly from the residual gas in the chamber. It is expected that the treatment/hydrogenation would cause partial reactions between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms to form water molecules and then evaporation. This

• process would improve the quality of BNNSs. As a result, the defect concentrations in the treated/hydrogenated BNNSs would decrease, resulting in narrow spectral profile. Figure 7b shows the XRD pattern of the BNNS sample with and without hydrogenation. The hexagonal structure associated peak shifts from

• content present in the original BNNSs without the treatment. As seen in Figure 7b that the B2O3 content greatly decreases after the hydrogenation. Figure 7c shows the FTIR spectra of BNNSs in the transmission mode. The dotted (red) and solid (black) spectral lines correspond to the samples with and

Carbon dioxide hydrogenation to aromatic hydrocarbons by using an iron/iron oxide nanocatalyst

• Hongwang Wang,
• Jim Hodgson,
• Tej B. Shrestha,
• Prem S. Thapa,
• David Moore,
• Xiaorong Wu,
• Myles Ikenberry,
• Deryl L. Troyer,
• Donghai Wang,
• Keith L. Hohn and
• Stefan H. Bossmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 760–769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.88

• ) employing Fe/Fe3O4 nanoparticles as catalyst. The synthesis of the catalyst and the mechanism of CO2-hydrogenation will be discussed, as well as further applications of Fe/Fe3O4 nanoparticles in catalysis. Keywords: aromatic hydrocarbons; carbon dioxide reduction; heterogenous catalysis; iron/iron oxide

• CO2 hydrogenation reactions. Earlier research showed that bulk iron and iron oxides catalyze CO2 hydrogenation, producing mainly methane. These catalysts were rapidly deactivated due to carbon deposition [11][12]. Doping with promoters such as potassium [13][14][15][16][17][18], manganese [19][20][21

• promoted multistep CO2 hydrogenation reactions [28]. In spite of all the efforts to date, the direct formation of aromatic hydrocarbons in a one-step reaction from carbon dioxide, without forming aliphatic hydrocarbons first, remained elusive. Here, we report the selective formation of aromatic

Adsorption and oxidation of formaldehyde on a polycrystalline Pt film electrode: An in situ IR spectroscopy search for adsorbed reaction intermediates

• Zenonas Jusys and
• R. Jürgen Behm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 747–759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.87

• species were possible via re-hydrogenation and subsequent desorption of the resulting adsorbed formaldehyde, re-hydrogenation of CDOad by protons (from water) should result in the formation of a mixed D1H1-formaldehyde. Its subsequent hydration to D1H1-methylene glycol and re-adsorption and oxidation to

Core level binding energies of functionalized and defective graphene

• Toma Susi,
• Markus Kaukonen,
• Paula Havu,
• Mathias P. Ljungberg,
• Paola Ayala and
• Esko I. Kauppinen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 121–132, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.12

• -like hydrogenation, and epoxide, hydroxide and carboxylic functional groups. In all cases, we considered binding energy contributions arising from carbon atoms up to the third nearest neighbor from the functional group, and plotted C 1s line shapes by using experimentally realistic broadenings

• substitutional doping, which we will not discuss here, the functionalization of graphene by, e.g., hydrogenation [1][2] and oxygenation [3][4] has been a topic of intense research. These treatments result in –H, –O, or –OH groups bonded to the carbon atoms, the orbital hybridization of which is changed from sp2

Electronic and transport properties of kinked graphene

• Jesper Toft Rasmussen,
• Tue Gunst,
• Peter Bøggild,
• Antti-Pekka Jauho and
• Mads Brandbyge

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 103–110, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.12

• by hydrogenation. In this paper we consider the reactivity of linear bends in a graphene sheet, and the electronic transport properties of kinks resulting from the hydrogenation of bends. Our starting point is the generic graphene structure shown in Figure 1a, which is inspired by the experimental

• sections, S1–S5. Calculated reaction barriers for hydrogenation of bent graphene as a function of the local radius of curvature (II–VIII in Figure 1a). Flat graphene (position I) has an infinite radius of curvature and is used to normalise the barriers. Calculations are spin-polarised and allow for atomic

Pure hydrogen low-temperature plasma exposure of HOPG and graphene: Graphane formation?

• Baran Eren,
• Dorothée Hug,
• Laurent Marot,
• Rémy Pawlak,
• Marcin Kisiel,
• Roland Steiner,
• Dominik M. Zumbühl and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 852–859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.96

• valence-band structure, which suggests double-sided hydrogenation. With the scanning tunneling microscopy technique, various atomic-scale charge-density patterns were observed, which may be associated with different C–H conformers. Hydrogen-LTP-exposed graphene on SiO2 has a Raman spectrum in which the D

• peak to G peak ratio is over 4, associated with hydrogenation on both sides. A very low defect density was observed in the scanning probe microscopy measurements, which enables a reverse transformation to graphene. Hydrogen-LTP-exposed HOPG possesses a high thermal stability, and therefore, this

• transformation requires annealing at over 1000 °C. Keywords: graphane; HOPG; hydrogenation; plasma; Introduction Being an sp2-hybridized single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a densely packed honeycomb lattice with true atomic thickness (Figure 1a), graphene possesses unusual electronic and mechanical

Magnetic-Fe/Fe₃O₄-nanoparticle-bound SN38 as carboxylesterase-cleavable prodrug for the delivery to tumors within monocytes/macrophages

• Hongwang Wang,
• Tej B. Shrestha,
• Matthew T. Basel,
• Raj K. Dani,
• Gwi-Moon Seo,
• Sivasai Balivada,
• Marla M. Pyle,
• Heidy Prock,
• Olga B. Koper,
• Prem S. Thapa,
• David Moore,
• Ping Li,
• Viktor Chikan,
• Deryl L. Troyer and
• Stefan H. Bossmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 444–455, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.51

• was reacted with succinic acid anhydride to form compound 5. Tetraethylene glycol reacted with compound 5 in an EDC-coupling reaction to give compound 6. Deprotection of the hydroxyl groups by Pd/C-catalyzed hydrogenation yielded compound 7, which was used as ligand I to enhance the water solubility

• of the hydroxyl groups by Pd/C-catalyzed hydrogenation, and was used as ligand II to incorporate SN38 to the MNPs. Compound 13 was fully characterized with 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectrometry. Loading SN38 to Fe/Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) Loading of SN38 to core/shell Fe/Fe3O4 magnetic

Towards a scalable and accurate quantum approach for describing vibrations of molecule–metal interfaces

• David M. Benoit,
• Bruno Madebene,
• Inga Ulusoy,
• Luis Mancera,
• Yohann Scribano and
• Sergey Chulkov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 427–447, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.48

• Yang and Garland [1] to investigate, for example, the binding mode of a CO molecule deposited on supported rhodium films and to suggest possible mechanisms for hydrogenation and oxidation reactions on this type of metal surface. A recent development for vibrational spectroscopy in the field of surface

Manipulation of gold colloidal nanoparticles with atomic force microscopy in dynamic mode: influence of particle–substrate chemistry and morphology, and of operating conditions

• Samer Darwich,
• Karine Mougin,
• Akshata Rao,
• Enrico Gnecco,
• Shrisudersan Jayaraman and
• Hamidou Haidara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 85–98, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.10

• unexpected highly catalytic activity (not obtained with bulk metal) for different types of reactions, e.g., combustion, hydrogenation, reduction etc. [23][24]. Coated with organic molecules, gold nanoparticles can be used for DNA assays in genomics [25][26], as signal amplifiers for biological recognition or