Identification of structural features of surface modifiers in engineered nanostructured metal oxides regarding cell uptake through ML-based classification

• Indrasis Dasgupta,
• Totan Das,
• Biplab Das and
• Shovanlal Gayen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 909–924, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.75

• ENMOs (monocrystalline magnetic nanoparticles having overall size of 38 nm and an average of 60 ligands per nanoparticle, indicating a consistent level of attachment across different preparations) regarding human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells (PaCa2), human umbilical vein endothelial cells

Facile synthesis of Fe-based metal–organic frameworks from Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles and their application for CO₂/N₂ separation

• Van Nhieu Le,
• Hoai Duc Tran,
• Minh Tien Nguyen,
• Hai Bang Truong,
• Toan Minh Pham and
• Jinsoo Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 897–908, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.74

• (DUT), and others. Among them, the Fe-based MIL-100(Fe) material stands out as an exceptional member of the MIL family because of its distinct properties [7][8]. MIL-100(Fe) offers a substantial number of unsaturated metal sites. These sites act as Lewis acid sites once ligands (–OH and water) are

• (ethanol and water) inside the pore system were released at low temperature around 100 °C. Subsequently, the ligands (water and/or –OH ligands) connected to Fe sites of the iron oxo-clusters were removed, leaving unsaturated metal sites inside the framework. Finally, a significant weight loss (approx. 41.8

Water-assisted purification during electron beam-induced deposition of platinum and gold

• Cristiano Glessi,
• Fabian A. Polman and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 884–896, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.73

• ligands are removed. However, in most cases, a large amount of the carbon from the organic ligands is incorporated in the deposits. The removal of the carbonaceous material and, hence, the increase of metallic content of FEBID structures is ultimately important for the performance of the obtained

• different purification mechanism is possible since organic ligands could be removed from adsorbed precursor molecules by the electron-activated water species and cause a favourable decomposition of the adsorbed material (Figure 1, pathway B). Radiolysis of water can generate acid species, such as H3O+, that

• atom % ratio is plotted in Figure 3b as a function of the chamber pressure increase. When no water is injected, the C/Pt atom % ratio is 7.4, indicating roughly the removal of up to two methyl ligands on average during deposition. Up to a chamber pressure of 2.3·10−5 mbar, no appreciable purification

A review on the structural characterization of nanomaterials for nano-QSAR models

• Salvador Moncho,
• Eva Serrano-Candelas,
• Jesús Vicente de Julián-Ortiz and
• Rafael Gozalbes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 854–866, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.71

• distributed among the material that affect the properties), and (iv) ligands or coating (organic molecules linked to the external part of the particle that contribute to its formation, solubility, or function). Moreover, different experimental factors during the life of a NM (i.e., the conditions during its

• related to the external part (shell or surface) and/or the substituents or ligands attached to it ((b) in Figure 3), and those that directly reflect the nanostructure of the nanoform (including factors such as size, aspect ratio, or surface area, (c) in Figure 3). (ii) Descriptors that codify experimental

• nanoparticle discussed until now can be simplistic. NMs are often found to include different chemical components because they are mixtures or complex chemical structures, including impurities or even different crystal phases. Hence, the primary chemical composition of the nanoparticle, excluding ligands or

Electron-induced ligand loss from iron tetracarbonyl methyl acrylate

• Hlib Lyshchuk,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Thomas F. M. Luxford,
• Miloš Ranković,
• Jaroslav Kočišek,
• Juraj Fedor,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• Pamir Nag

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 797–807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.66

• and Technology, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States 10.3762/bjnano.15.66 Abstract We probe the separation of ligands from iron tetracarbonyl methyl acrylate (Fe(CO)4(C4H6O2) or Fe(CO)4MA) induced by

• (FEBID); FEBID precursor; iron tetracarbonyl methyl acrylate; Introduction In recent years, a wave of interest in the electron-induced loss of ligands from organometallic and coordination compounds appeared, which has been motivated by the need to understand focused electron beam-induced deposition

• electron energy of 70 eV. The mass spectrum shows extensive fragmentation: The parent cation (m/z = 254) is visible in the spectrum; however, it is very weak. In the high-mass range, there is a strong progression of CO loss channels with one, two, and three carbonyl ligands being removed (m/z = 226, 198

Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

• conditions during LSPC in organic liquids are quite different. The solvent molecules themselves as well as the created hydrocarbons can adsorb on the nanoparticle surface and act as ligands. If a carbon shell is formed, it can be amorphous or onion-like graphitic. In addition, composites such as carbides

Cholesterol nanoarchaeosomes for alendronate targeted delivery as an anti-endothelial dysfunction agent

• Horacio Emanuel Jerez,
• Yamila Roxana Simioni,
• Kajal Ghosal,
• Maria Jose Morilla and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 517–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.46

• nanoarchaeosomes is PGP-Me, a polar double negatively charged archaeolipid, which is a ligand of SRAI/II (a trimeric transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates the extensive internalization of polyanionic ligands) [40]. SRAI/II is expressed by J774A.1 cells in intermediate amounts [41]. The expression of SRAI/II by

Electron-induced deposition using Fe(CO)₄MA and Fe(CO)₅ – effect of MA ligand and process conditions

• Hannah Boeckers,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Petra Martinović,
• Amy V. Walker,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 500–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.45

• architecture on the deposit formation in electron irradiation experiments that mimic FEBID and cryo-FEBID processes. Electron-stimulated desorption and post-irradiation thermal desorption spectrometry were used to obtain insight into the fate of the ligands upon electron irradiation. As a key finding, the

• atom to be deposited is surrounded by suitable ligands. In an ideal case, these ligands are converted to volatile species upon fragmentation of the precursor during electron irradiation and desorb from the surface while the desired element is deposited. Owing to their magnetic properties, iron

• irradiation removes on average 2.5 CO ligands from Fe(CO)5. This is followed by a second phase during which continued irradiation produces graphitic carbon and oxide material corresponding to about 20% of the initial CO ligands. However, these latter reactions do not further reduce the carbon and oxygen

Exploring the relationships between physiochemical properties of nanoparticles and cell damage to combat cancer growth using simple periodic table-based descriptors

• Joyita Roy and
• Kunal Roy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 297–309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.27

• toxicity. Furthermore, it is a well-established fact that each metal has an affinity constant for various ligands, which means that most metal cations can form stable complexes with a wide variety of ligands, further increasing their potential toxicity. In the field of physical chemistry, the zeta

Nanocarrier systems loaded with IR780, iron oxide nanoparticles and chlorambucil for cancer theragnostics

• Phuong-Thao Dang-Luong,
• Hong-Phuc Nguyen,
• Loc Le-Tuan,
• Xuan-Thang Cao,
• Vy Tran-Anh and
• Hieu Vu Quang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 180–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.17

• oxide) (PEO). To improve the targeting ability of nanoparticles, ligands are typically designed to be located on the exterior of nanoparticles. Typically, ligands are cell-type-specific monoclonal antibodies, RGD peptides for the overexpression of the asialoglycoprotein receptor on cancer cells [5

• our NPs. Second, the ligand attached to the nanoparticles would aid in the accumulation of nanoparticles within the cells. Numerous studies have employed different ligands to target overexpressed receptors on cancer cells, including folate receptors [13][37], integrins [36][37], and vascular

CdSe/ZnS quantum dots as a booster in the active layer of distributed ternary organic photovoltaics

• Gabriela Lewińska,
• Piotr Jeleń,
• Zofia Kucia,
• Maciej Sitarz,
• Łukasz Walczak,
• Bartłomiej Szafraniak,
• Jerzy Sanetra and
• Konstanty W. Marszalek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 144–156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.14

• outstanding excitation and optimum charge transport in the mixture. Small-molecule materials, dyes, polymers, fullerenes, and ligands have been introduced as a third component so far. Quantum dots (QDs) are also beneficial materials for ternary solar cells. QDs and nanoparticles as zero-dimensional materials

New application of bimetallic Ag/Pt nanoplates in a colorimetric biosensor for specific detection of E. coli in water

• Azam Bagheri Pebdeni,
• Mohammad N. AL-Baiati and
• Morteza Hosseini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 95–103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.9

• ]. Nanomaterials have improved the ability to detect pathogens in water and food by enhancing signals and sensitivity. These materials, which encompass nanoparticles, nanorods, nanowires, and nanoclusters, can be combined with aptamers, antibodies, enzymes, and other ligands to display unique physical, chemical

A combined gas-phase dissociative ionization, dissociative electron attachment and deposition study on the potential FEBID precursor [Au(CH₃)₂Cl]₂

• Elif Bilgilisoy,
• Ali Kamali,
• Thomas Xaver Gentner,
• Gerd Ballmann,
• Sjoerd Harder,
• Hans-Peter Steinrück,
• Hubertus Marbach and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1178–1199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.98

• structures, these precursor molecules are commonly organometallics that adsorb on the substrate and are decomposed by the electron beam irradiation. Ideally, a pure metal is deposited while fragmented volatile ligands are pumped away [11][12][13]. Several parameters affect the FEBID process, including the

• -vacuum (UHV) surface science studies and mass spectrometry in high-vacuum (HV) gas-phase investigations [27][28]. In this context, surface science experiments allow for electron-dose-dependent studies of the elemental composition of the deposit, and desorbing ligands may be monitored by means of mass

• as well as deposition [22][43]. In these studies, the release of halogen ligands was indicated as the main reason for the etching process. FEBID on thermally cleaned Si(111) In several UHV-FEBID studies [43][44][45] it has been shown that an UHV setup alone is not sufficient to produce FEBID

Properties of tin oxide films grown by atomic layer deposition from tin tetraiodide and ozone

• Kristjan Kalam,
• Peeter Ritslaid,
• Tanel Käämbre,
• Aile Tamm and
• Kaupo Kukli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1085–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.89

• hybridised with ligand Sn 5s states, while the three consecutive peaks at approximately 536.3, 537.7, and 539.6 eV correspond to states hybridised with Sn 5p states [37][38]. In the SnO2 rutile structure, the latter states are non-degenerate because of non-equidistant ligands for the axes of the coordination

Dual-heterodyne Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Benjamin Grévin,
• Fatima Husainy,
• Dmitry Aldakov and
• Cyril Aumaître

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1068–1084, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.88

Recognition mechanisms of hemoglobin particles by monocytes – CD163 may just be one

• Jonathan-Gabriel Nimz,
• Pichayut Rerkshanandana,
• Chiraphat Kloypan,
• Ulrich Kalus,
• Saranya Chaiwaree,
• Axel Pruß,
• Radostina Georgieva,
• Yu Xiong and
• Hans Bäumler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1028–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.85

• a long list of ligands including modified serum albumin, which might also occur within our HBMPs [36]. The interaction of HbMPs (with different surface modifications) with Hp, as well as with anti-Hb antibodies has already been studied by Prapan and co-workers [19]. With this work, the investigation

Nanoarchitectonics of photothermal materials to enhance the sensitivity of lateral flow assays

• Elangovan Sarathkumar,
• Rajasekharan S. Anjana and
• Ramapurath S. Jayasree

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 988–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.82

• materials, such as Fe3O4@Cu2−xS, the photothermal properties can also be changed [44]. In addition, because of the high surface-to-volume ratio and highly functional surface ligands, the material can be easily conjugated with a wide variety of biomolecules on its surface, which is useful in applications

Fragmentation of metal(II) bis(acetylacetonate) complexes induced by slow electrons

• Janina Kopyra and
• Hassan Abdoul-Carime

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 980–987, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.81

• planar to the tetrahedral configuration [25]. This change of geometry has been calculated for CuL2, for which one of the ligands rotates by 90° from the planar configuration [15]. Note that the planar anion may also co-exist, but this configuration is unstable [15]. Surprisingly from the DFT calculations

• experiments below the decomposition temperatures of the material, ML3, in which the metal is coordinated by three ligands [26][27], may also be produced at least to a small extent at the studied temperatures. Indeed, it has been observed that thermal desorption of solid thymine produces not only the monomer

• ]. As shown in Table 1, the fragmentation of the transient [ML2]#− anion results in a wide variety of negatively charged species. They arise from the decomposition of one of the ligands into X species, whereas the second ligand still binds to the metal, for example, [MLX]. The loss of C3H3 from one of

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials for CO₂ storage: A review

• Ha Huu Do,
• Iqra Rabani and
• Hai Bang Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 964–970, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.79

• manipulation of pore size by modifying the size of the ligands is an effective approach for accelerating CO2 adsorption. For instance, Yao et al. used different ligands to fabricate various Zn-based MOF nanomaterials with distinct pore volumes for CO2 adsorption applications [31]. Notably, SUMOF-2

Low temperature atomic layer deposition of cobalt using dicobalt hexacarbonyl-1-heptyne as precursor

• Mathias Franz,
• Mahnaz Safian Jouzdani,
• Lysann Kaßner,
• Marcus Daniel,
• Frank Stahr and
• Stefan E. Schulz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 951–963, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.78

• consists of a weak CO feature and a dominant CHx part. These results show that a temperature of 35 °C does not provide sufficient thermal energy. In consequence, the precursor ligands are removed only to a minor extent. The different films prepared in the determined ALD window from 50 to 110 °C exhibit

Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles for target-specific drug delivery of chemotherapeutics

• Mamta Kumari,
• Amitabha Acharya and
• Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 912–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.75

• active targeting via the functionalization of ligands, such as antibodies or proteins, that interact with receptors overexpressed at the target site [5][6]. However, the movement of NPs is hampered by biological barriers such as endothelial, cellular, skin, and mucosal barriers, which obstruct their

• antibodies (mAbs), and nucleic acid-based materials for targeted drug delivery, have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of cancer, arthritis, asthma, psoriasis, pemphigus vulgaris, and chronic urticaria [8]. Antibodies are the primary homing ligands in tumor-targeted

• -conjugated NPs The high surface-to-volume ratio of NPs offers the advantage to manipulate their dimensions and functionalize their surface with multivalent targeting moieties to facilitate targeted delivery in tumor cells [72]. NPs are known to allow multiple ligands to bind on their surface. Multivalent

Ni, Co, Zn, and Cu metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials for electrochemical reduction of CO₂: A review

• Ha Huu Do and
• Hai Bang Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 904–911, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.74

• electrochemical reduction of CO2 into CO, with an FE of 65%. The research group also revealed that the Zn2+ species operate as active sites in the catalytic process. Another investigation shed light on the significance of organic ligands within Zn-based MOF architectures for CO2RR. Jiang et al. prepared four Zn

• -based ZIFs, including ZIF-7, ZIF-108, ZIF-8, and SIM-1, employing various ligands while utilizing the same Zn-containing salt [43]. These architectures were evaluated under identical conditions to determine the role of ligands in CO2 conversion. The ZIF-8 variant with the 2-methylimidazole ligand

N-Heterocyclic carbene-based gold etchants

• Robert B. Chevalier,
• Justin Pantano,
• Matthew K. Kiesewetter and
• Jason R. Dwyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 865–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.71

• ]. More recently, however, there has been an important and active effort to develop new organic ligands that support noble metal dissolution or extraction in more environmentally benign ways [28][29][30]. We present here a number of single-solute gold etchants where etching performance can be tuned by

Carboxylic acids and light interact to affect nanoceria stability and dissolution in acidic aqueous environments

• Matthew L. Hancock,
• Eric A. Grulke and
• Robert A. Yokel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 762–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.63

• within the rhizosphere [12][13]. Colloid stability of nanoceria is affected by temperature, pH, surface structure, surface-adsorbed organic and inorganic ligands, and metal/nonmetal ions and their concentrations in the solution surrounding the particles [14]. Nanoceria interacts with soil and plant roots

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

• fluorophore ligands, which accounts for the excellent quenching effects of PET on the luminescence of the MOF sensor [54]. Photoinduced charge transfer (PCT): The PCT mechanism relies on the exchange of electrons between acceptor (analyte) and the donor (fluorophore), which results in the alteration of the

• biomolecules via electrostatic forces, stacking, and/or hydrogen bonding, which lead to high accumulation of the target analyte, are another factor that supports the development of electrochemical sensors. However, because of the high proportion of organic ligands, most MOFs have poor electrical conductivity

• clusters and organic ligands (i.e., “linkers” or “struts”) through coordination bonding [30][67][76][77][78]. The development of the first MOF and covalent organic framework (COF) is credited to Omar Yaghi of Berkeley University of California. In particular, Yaghi reported in 1995 on the synthesis and