Low temperature atomic layer deposition of cobalt using dicobalt hexacarbonyl-1-heptyne as precursor

• Mathias Franz,
• Mahnaz Safian Jouzdani,
• Lysann Kaßner,
• Marcus Daniel,
• Frank Stahr and
• Stefan E. Schulz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 951–963, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.78

• consists of a weak CO feature and a dominant CHx part. These results show that a temperature of 35 °C does not provide sufficient thermal energy. In consequence, the precursor ligands are removed only to a minor extent. The different films prepared in the determined ALD window from 50 to 110 °C exhibit

Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles for target-specific drug delivery of chemotherapeutics

• Mamta Kumari,
• Amitabha Acharya and
• Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 912–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.75

• active targeting via the functionalization of ligands, such as antibodies or proteins, that interact with receptors overexpressed at the target site [5][6]. However, the movement of NPs is hampered by biological barriers such as endothelial, cellular, skin, and mucosal barriers, which obstruct their

• antibodies (mAbs), and nucleic acid-based materials for targeted drug delivery, have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of cancer, arthritis, asthma, psoriasis, pemphigus vulgaris, and chronic urticaria [8]. Antibodies are the primary homing ligands in tumor-targeted

• -conjugated NPs The high surface-to-volume ratio of NPs offers the advantage to manipulate their dimensions and functionalize their surface with multivalent targeting moieties to facilitate targeted delivery in tumor cells [72]. NPs are known to allow multiple ligands to bind on their surface. Multivalent

Ni, Co, Zn, and Cu metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials for electrochemical reduction of CO₂: A review

• Ha Huu Do and
• Hai Bang Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 904–911, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.74

• electrochemical reduction of CO2 into CO, with an FE of 65%. The research group also revealed that the Zn2+ species operate as active sites in the catalytic process. Another investigation shed light on the significance of organic ligands within Zn-based MOF architectures for CO2RR. Jiang et al. prepared four Zn

• -based ZIFs, including ZIF-7, ZIF-108, ZIF-8, and SIM-1, employing various ligands while utilizing the same Zn-containing salt [43]. These architectures were evaluated under identical conditions to determine the role of ligands in CO2 conversion. The ZIF-8 variant with the 2-methylimidazole ligand

N-Heterocyclic carbene-based gold etchants

• Robert B. Chevalier,
• Justin Pantano,
• Matthew K. Kiesewetter and
• Jason R. Dwyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 865–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.71

• ]. More recently, however, there has been an important and active effort to develop new organic ligands that support noble metal dissolution or extraction in more environmentally benign ways [28][29][30]. We present here a number of single-solute gold etchants where etching performance can be tuned by

Carboxylic acids and light interact to affect nanoceria stability and dissolution in acidic aqueous environments

• Matthew L. Hancock,
• Eric A. Grulke and
• Robert A. Yokel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 762–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.63

• within the rhizosphere [12][13]. Colloid stability of nanoceria is affected by temperature, pH, surface structure, surface-adsorbed organic and inorganic ligands, and metal/nonmetal ions and their concentrations in the solution surrounding the particles [14]. Nanoceria interacts with soil and plant roots

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

• fluorophore ligands, which accounts for the excellent quenching effects of PET on the luminescence of the MOF sensor [54]. Photoinduced charge transfer (PCT): The PCT mechanism relies on the exchange of electrons between acceptor (analyte) and the donor (fluorophore), which results in the alteration of the

• biomolecules via electrostatic forces, stacking, and/or hydrogen bonding, which lead to high accumulation of the target analyte, are another factor that supports the development of electrochemical sensors. However, because of the high proportion of organic ligands, most MOFs have poor electrical conductivity

• clusters and organic ligands (i.e., “linkers” or “struts”) through coordination bonding [30][67][76][77][78]. The development of the first MOF and covalent organic framework (COF) is credited to Omar Yaghi of Berkeley University of California. In particular, Yaghi reported in 1995 on the synthesis and

Molecular nanoarchitectonics: unification of nanotechnology and molecular/materials science

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 434–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.35

• expression through nanoarchitectonics. Shi and co-workers created nanoparticle surfactants at liquid–liquid interfaces by exploiting the interaction between nanoparticles and polymer ligands [101]. They showed that a size-dependent aggregation of nanoparticle surfactants can be generated at the interface

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

Overview of mechanism and consequences of endothelial leakiness caused by metal and polymeric nanoparticles

• Magdalena Lasak and
• Karol Ciepluch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 329–338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.28

• achievable utilizing NPs less than 100 nm in diameter. In contrast, active targeting strategies involve functionalizing the NP surface with appropriate ligands specific for receptors overexpressed by the cancer cells (e.g., folic acid and transferrin). The combination of the paracellular gap size resulting

• their various applications. NPs are characterized by a high surface-to-volume ratio, which in turn leads to a large functional surface area. The possibility of combining NPs with various ligands and biologically active molecules, such as nucleic acids, fluorescence dyes, drugs, tumor markers, and

Recent progress in cancer cell membrane-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications

• Qixiong Lin,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Yanyan Wen,
• Xiaoqiong Li,
• Donglian Du,
• Weibin Dai,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 262–279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.24

• delivery. Homotypic cancer cell membrane-modified NPs show stronger targeting capabilities than NPs modified with single ligands [20]. This is attributed to the multiple membrane receptors expressed on cancer cell membranes and their ability to avoid the formation of protein coronas [8][20]. Therefore

• intricate membrane protein components of cancer cell membranes play an important role in immune regulation. Researchers have found a number of immune checkpoint signals in cancers that could confer strong immunosuppression on cancer cells by combining ligands with inhibitory immunoreceptors, such as PD-1

Nanotechnology – a robust tool for fighting the challenges of drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer

• Filip Gorachinov,
• Fatima Mraiche,
• Diala Alhaj Moustafa,
• Ola Hishari,
• Yomna Ismail,
• Jensa Joseph,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Nikola Geskovski and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 240–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.23

• copolymer core–shell NPs, (ii) polymer–polypeptide hybrid core–shell NPs, and (iii) polymer–lipid hybrid core–shell NPs additionally decorated with ligands for overexpressed receptors on cancer cells [92]. Traditionally selected overexpressed cancer cell surface markers for the active targeting of NPs

• can be subsequently modified using thiolene chemistry to introduce positive charges [−NH2 (cysteamine, ENT)], negative charges [−COOH (3-mercaptopropionic acid, ECT)], and active targeting ligands [thiogalactose residues (EGT)] for fine-tuning the charges in the shell in different biological

• targeting. Once in the lung microcirculation, the RBC-bound NPs are mechanically detached from the RBCs when the RBCs are squeezed through the tiny capillaries of the air–blood barrier and transferred to the endothelium by nonspecific interactions. When decorated with vascular endothelium-specific ligands

Two-step single-reactor synthesis of oleic acid- or undecylenic acid-stabilized magnetic nanoparticles by thermal decomposition

• Mykhailo Nahorniak,
• Pamela Pasetto,
• Jean-Marc Greneche,
• Volodymyr Samaryk,
• Sandy Auguste,
• Anthony Rousseau,
• Nataliya Nosova and
• Serhii Varvarenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 11–22, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.2

• sediments was observed. According to the developed method, the formation of NPM has several stages. At the first stage of the synthesis, the change of ligands into Fe(III) acetylacetonate occurs. In the presence of higher carboxylic acids, such as oleic acid or undecylenic acid, Fe(III) alkanoate is a

• removal of acetylacetonate ligands, the reaction mixture that undergoes thermolysis contains mixed ligands. The thermal decomposition of such salts at the second stage can significantly affect the processes of particle nucleation, composition, and morphology [26][27]. To estimate the completeness of

• 200 > ∆ > 110 allow us to assume that the substitution of ligands in iron acetylacetonate of the formed oleate complex leads to the bridging type of coordination with some features of the bidentate type. Using this assumption for the undecylate complex, the difference is ∆ = 1600 − 1436 = 164 cm−1 and

Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review

• Ke Xu and
• Yuzhe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104

• highly fluorescent gold-silver bimetallic nanomaterials with stable fluorescence properties by a simple one-pot method using thiol salts as ligands. TPN-AuAgNCs were synthesised using tiopronin (TPN) as ligand, and the clusters emitted strong red fluorescence with good burst selectivity for Fe3+ after Ag

Role of titanium and organic precursors in molecular layer deposition of “titanicone” hybrid materials

• Arbresha Muriqi and
• Michael Nolan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1240–1255, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.103

• Ti–N bond compared to the Ti–Cl bond and hence a higher reactivity for the Ti(DMA)4 precursor towards the surface and towards the co-reactant is expected. In addition, due to the bulky DMA ligands of Ti(DMA)4, the “reservior” effect, which is very common for small molecules such as TiCl4 [30], DEZ

• AP and the fact that Cl ligands of TiCl4 are small and do not cause steric hindrance. In another study, Ti–organic films were deposited using TiCl4 and the homo/heterobifunctional aromatic molecules hydroquinone (HQ), 4-aminophenol (AP), p-phenylenediamine (PDA) and 4,4′-oxydianiline (ODA). All films

• transfer from the surface OH groups to the Cl ligands of TiCl4 to form HCl as by-product, and the formation of new Ti–O bonds between the TiCl4 molecule and surface oxygen. During the first ligand loss reaction, TiCl4 forms one new Ti–O bond with the surface and one HCl molecule is released. This reaction

Design of surface nanostructures for chirality sensing based on quartz crystal microbalance

• Yinglin Ma,
• Xiangyun Xiao and
• Qingmin Ji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1201–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.100

• clusters and organic ligands via coordination bonds [89][90][91][92]. The variety of combinations between metal ions and organic linkers or structural motifs allows for tunable pore size/shape and adjustable surface functionality [93][94]. These structural characteristics make MOFs one of the most ideal

• amino acids in the presence of other amino acid interferences. The resultant sensing system has also the advantages of being simple, reusable, and can be easily manipulated for enantioselective sensing assays. Rational selection of chiral ligands is the key factor for successful chirality detection by

• is still evolving [106][107]. The reason for this is that in inorganic nanostructures there are multiple symmetric and asymmetric relations in the geometry of their atoms. The chirality of inorganic materials may originate from space chiral ligands, the shape of the inorganic core, chiral surfaces

Spindle-like MIL101(Fe) decorated with Bi₂O₃ nanoparticles for enhanced degradation of chlortetracycline under visible-light irradiation

• Chen-chen Hao,
• Fang-yan Chen,
• Kun Bian,
• Yu-bin Tang and
• Wei-long Shi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1038–1050, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.91

• an octahedron shape, and its size increases compared with that of pristine MIL101(Fe). In previous reports, graphene quantum dots changed the balance of organic ligands, which led to the change of MIL101(Fe) size [38]. In addition, Liao et al. reported that morphology or size of MOFs are dependent on

• nucleation rate, (i.e., slow nucleation could increase crystal growth and as a result produce large-sized particles [54]). As a result, Bi2O3 nanoparticles affect the shape and size of MIL101(Fe) and this may be due to the addition of Bi2O3 to the precursor, altering the balance of ligands and simultaneously

Bioselectivity of silk protein-based materials and their bio-inspired applications

• Hendrik Bargel,
• Vanessa T. Trossmann,
• Christoph Sommer and
• Thomas Scheibel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 902–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.81

• ), integrins, and others such as mucins. Moreover, certain enzymes such as the vascular adhesion protein 1 (VAP-1) are known to be involved in cell adhesion [11][12]. The distinction of CAM subcategories reflects both structural differences as well as binding to different ligands. Cadherins, selectins, and

• members of the IgSF are known to mediate cell–cell adhesion, while integrins typically bind to extracellular matrix proteins [12]. As a special case, immune cell integrins also bind to ligands both soluble and on other cells. Additional classification of the CAMs relates to their ligands and type of

• addressing cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) and activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecules (ALCAMs) also belong to this family of adhesion receptors and are important in leukocyte trafficking events [10]. These proteins serve as ligands for integrins on the endothelial cells. IgSF molecules are divided

DNA aptamer selection and construction of an aptasensor based on graphene FETs for Zika virus NS1 protein detection

• Nathalie B. F. Almeida,
• Thiago A. S. L. Sousa,
• Viviane C. F. Santos,
• Camila M. S. Lacerda,
• Thais G. Silva,
• Rafaella F. Q. Grenfell,
• Flavio Plentz and
• Antero S. R. Andrade

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 873–881, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.78

• ligands by exponential enrichment” (SELEX). In this study, we select an aptamer (termed ZIKV60) by capillary electrophoresis SELEX (CE-SELEX) to the Zika virus non-structural protein 1 (NS1) and counterselection against the NS1 proteins of DENV (serotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4) and YFV. The ZIKV60 dissociation

• “systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment” (SELEX), first introduced in 1990 [13]. This methodology includes the exposure of the target molecule to a chemically synthesized random-sequence library (1014–1015 sequences) to allow for the interaction of all binding oligonucleotides to the target

• ligands. The response of a representative ZIKV60-functionalized graphene device to the sequential addition of increasing amounts of NS1, from 0.01 up to 1000 pg/mL, are shown in Figure 4b. For each specific concentration, we first exposed the graphene device to the electrolyte containing the NS1 protein

Recent advances in nanoarchitectures of monocrystalline coordination polymers through confined assembly

• Lingling Xia,
• Qinyue Wang and
• Ming Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 763–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.67

• first discuss the crystallization of coordination polymer single crystals inside confined liquid networks or on substrates through assembly of nodes and ligands. Then, we discuss assembly of preformed coordination polymer single crystals inside confined liquid networks or on substrates. In each part, we

• materials with infinite structures formed by assembly of metal or metal-based clusters and molecular ligands. The structures of the coordination polymers are generally determined by analyzing single crystals [1][2][3][4]. With the development of suitable synthetic strategies, various kinds of

• properties of monocrystalline coordination polymers. Although coordination polymers are naturally tailorable by changing nodes and ligands of coordination polymers through molecular or crystal engineering, the practical needs sometimes require the properties to exceed those of the coordination polymers

Design and selection of peptides to block the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain by molecular docking

• Kendra Ramirez-Acosta,
• Ivan A. Rosales-Fuerte,
• J. Eduardo Perez-Sanchez,
• Alfredo Nuñez-Rivera,
• Josue Juarez and
• Ruben D. Cadena-Nava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 699–711, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.62

• designed and selected by phage display or using in silico approaches [8][14]. Several peptides based on the ACE2 receptor have been designed by in silico approaches [5][15]. In silico approaches are commonly used to determine the capacity of small ligands (peptides and drugs) to bind to a particular target

• the entry of viruses to the cell host through the ACE2 cellular receptor. Binding energy by protein binding energy prediction ADV has been widely used to predict the alignment of small ligands within the binding cavity of a given protein and to evaluate the pose quality of the docked ligand in terms

Detection and imaging of Hg(II) in vivo using glutathione-functionalized gold nanoparticles

• Gufeng Li,
• Shaoqing Li,
• Rui Wang,
• Min Yang,
• Lizhu Zhang,
• Yanli Zhang,
• Wenrong Yang and
• Hongbin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 549–559, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.46

• biocompatibility, and low toxicity [4][5][6][7][8][9]. Another advantage of GNPs is that different shapes and sizes can be obtained during synthesis through changing reducing agents and reaction conditions [10]. The surface chemistry of GNPs is modified via ligands with functional groups such as thiol (–SH), amino

The role of sulfonate groups and hydrogen bonding in the proton conductivity of two coordination networks

• Ali Javed,
• Felix Steinke,
• Stephan Wöhlbrandt,
• Hana Bunzen,
• Norbert Stock and
• Michael Tiemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 437–443, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.36

• the bridging ligands, for example, –OH, –COOH, –PO3H2 or –SO3H, (ii) by filling pores or channels with acidic guest molecules, such as oxonium ions, organic or inorganic acids, or ammonium cations, or (iii) by ligand substitution to increase the mobility of proton carriers [13][14][15][16]. Here we

• coordination network (I2O0 network following the classification by Cheetham et al. [18]), with a 2D inorganic building unit consisting of corner-sharing CPO3 and MgO6 polyhedra. Each Mg2+ ion is surround by four different phosphonate groups and two aqua ligands, with the phosphonate groups bridging two metal

Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis

• Zahra Nabizadeh,
• Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh,
• Hamed Daemi,
• Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad,
• Ali Akbar Shabani,
• Mehdi Dadashpour,
• Majid Mirmohammadkhani and
• Davood Nasrabadi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31

Interfacial nanoarchitectonics for ZIF-8 membranes with enhanced gas separation

• Season S. Chen,
• Zhen-Jie Yang,
• Chia-Hao Chang,
• Hoong-Uei Koh,
• Sameerah I. Al-Saeedi,
• Kuo-Lun Tung and
• Kevin C.-W. Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 313–324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.26

• usually separates the metal ion and ligand solutions by a porous substrate, and crystallization occurs within the substrate. Since the diffusion rates of metal ions and ligands are usually different due to different interactions with the substrate, the resultant membranes are likely to contain defects. In

Photothermal ablation of murine melanomas by Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle clusters

• Xue Wang,
• Lili Xuan and
• Ying Pan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 255–264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.20

• with the oleic acid and oleylamine ligands present on the surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticles through van der Waals forces to facilitate the dispersion of nanoparticles in aqueous solution. Further addition of ethylene glycol weakened the van der Waals interaction, causing decomposition of nanoparticle