Out-of-plane polarization induces a picosecond photoresponse in rhombohedral stacked bilayer WSe₂

• Guixian Liu,
• Yufan Wang,
• Zhoujuan Xu,
• Zhouxiaosong Zeng,
• Lanyu Huang,
• Cuihuan Ge and
• Xiao Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1362–1368, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.109

• lead to a high-efficiency photoelectric conversion that has the potential to surpasses the Shockley–Queisser limit [24][31][32][33][34]. In this regard, constructing 2D vdW semiconductors with OOP polarization and moderate bandgap holds great promise for high-performance self-powered BPVE devices. More

Investigation of Hf/Ti bilayers for the development of transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters

• Victoria Y. Safonova,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Dmitry A. Pimanov,
• Anton A. Yablokov and
• Andrey L. Pankratov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1353–1361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.108

• would lead to an even larger increase of δE with volume. Conclusion Bridges made of bilayers of hafnium with a thin top layer of titanium were fabricated and measured. The formation of such bridges by a photolithographic lift-off process is the next step in the development of TES microcalorimeters after

Hymenoptera and biomimetic surfaces: insights and innovations

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Carlo Polidori and
• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1333–1352, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.107

• ]. Understanding and mimicking these biological systems can lead to significant advancements in various fields, including materials science, fashion, and environmental sustainability [34]. In materials science, the principles of structural coloration can be applied to develop colorfast materials that do not fade

• , iridescent hues that do not rely on chemical dyes [38]. This can lead to more sustainable fashion practices, as the production of synthetic dyes often involves toxic chemicals and generates significant environmental pollution [38]. Structurally colored fabrics would offer a greener alternative, aligning with

•  3B), which employ their specialized mandibles to capture Polyxenid millipedes and then strip them of their detachable and hazardous bristles [72][73]. Therefore, these biological inspirations can lead to the creation of advanced devices with improved performance and multifunctionality, pushing the

Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106

• nanoparticle-based systems capable of efficient detection and degradation. However, conventional approaches utilizing strong capping agents like cetrimonium bromide (CTAB) on nanoparticles lead to limitations due to the rigid nature of CTAB. This restricts its utility in heavy metal detection and 4-NP

• -nitrophenol are both dangerous to humans [10][11]. Contamination with toxic heavy metal ions, including zinc, arsenic, aluminium, chromium, iron, cobalt, copper, nickel, mercury, cadmium, and lead, causes significant chronic damage to organ systems, beginning at the cellular level [12]. Toxic heavy metal ions

• chemicals, Finar and SRL chemicals, respectively. National Institute of Standard and Technology grade metal standards (1000 ppm) of arsenic (As3+), aluminum (Al3+), cadmium (Cd2+), zinc (Zn2+), mercury (Hg2+), nickel (Ni2+), copper (Cu2+), chromium (Cr3+), lead (Pb2+), iron (Fe3+), and cobalt (Co2+) were

Interaction of graphene oxide with tannic acid: computational modeling and toxicity mitigation in C. elegans

• Romana Petry,
• James M. de Almeida,
• Francine Côa,
• Felipe Crasto de Lima,
• Diego Stéfani T. Martinez and
• Adalberto Fazzio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1297–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.105

• surface, influencing GO’s colloidal stability, reactivity, and interactions with living organisms. As a consequence, these interactions can lead to diverse effects, ranging from the mitigation of toxicity [12][13][14] to the enhancement of its toxicity [15][16]. However, microscopic understanding of these

•  1) confirm the aggregation and the subsequent precipitation of GO in the EPA medium; it is noticeable that hydrodynamic diameters rapidly increase in this medium. Although higher TA concentrations slow down aggregation and lead to smaller hydrodynamic diameters after 3 h, after 24 h the samples were

•  1, Figure S2 shows that the number of interacting atoms (i.e., atoms with distances less than 3.0 Å) between TA and GO is not directly correlated with the binding energy. However, a higher number of weak vdW interactions can lead to similar binding energies as those of snapshots that have fewer

Mn-doped ZnO nanopowders prepared by sol–gel and microwave-assisted sol–gel methods and their photocatalytic properties

• Cristina Maria Vlăduț,
• Crina Anastasescu,
• Silviu Preda,
• Oana Catalina Mocioiu,
• Simona Petrescu,
• Jeanina Pandele-Cusu,
• Dana Culita,
• Veronica Bratan,
• Ioan Balint and
• Maria Zaharescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.104

• semiconductor with many versatile and attractive applications in optical, optoelectronic, and photocatalytic fields [35][36][37]. The doping of ZnO with Mn can lead to the development of multifunctional nanostructures, such as room-temperature ferromagnetic materials with potential applications in spintronics

The role of a tantalum interlayer in enhancing the properties of Fe₃O₄ thin films

• Hai Dang Ngo,
• Vo Doan Thanh Truong,
• Van Qui Le,
• Hoai Phuong Pham and
• Thi Kim Hang Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1253–1259, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.101

• affect Ms [39][40]. In reports [41][42], APBs in Fe3O4 thin films lead to the reduction of saturation magnetization compared to bulk Fe3O4 (510 emu/cm3) [29]. Therefore, sample 3 has the highest Ms because of the smallest number of APBs among all samples. Using a double buffer layer of MgO/Ta to lower

Dual-functionalized architecture enables stable and tumor cell-specific SiO₂NPs in complex biological fluids

• Iris Renata Sousa Ribeiro,
• Raquel Frenedoso da Silva,
• Romênia Ramos Domingues,
• Adriana Franco Paes Leme and
• Mateus Borba Cardoso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1238–1252, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.100

• biological identity of these particles, impairing their therapeutic efficiency [12][13][14][15]. Proteins and other biomolecules can be adsorbed on the surface of NPs (protein corona formation), masking their original functionality and hiding their target ability [16][17][18]. Protein corona can further lead

• heterogeneous coating of the surface, and by the premature hydrolysis of the methoxyl groups of the ZW [39]. This hydrolysis can lead to the formation of silanol groups that contribute to the NP final charge [39]. Furthermore, according to the zeta potential results, no difference between SiO2NPs-ZW and SiO2NPs

• , which can lead to particle aggregation as well as impair their targeting efficiency. Size distribution curves for (b) SiO2NPs, (c) SiO2NPs-ZW, and (d) SiO2NPs-ZW-FO in DMEM (10% FBS). For this analysis, a particle concentration of 0.5 mg·mL–1 was used, and different incubation times were evaluated. The

A low-kiloelectronvolt focused ion beam strategy for processing low-thermal-conductance materials with nanoampere currents

• Annalena Wolff,
• Nico Klingner,
• William Thompson,
• Yinghong Zhou,
• Jinying Lin and
• Yin Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1197–1207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.97

• heating effects that lead to noticeable changes in nanostructure deposition geometry during FEBID processes have recently been published [19]. These approaches, a thorough understanding of the parameters that govern the beam-induced heat damage as well as open source software, would also be beneficial for

• (ΔTskin = 2500 K according to Equation 1) when using conventional ion beam parameters such as 30 kV acceleration voltage with nanoampere range currents [17]. A low-ion-energy approach using 5 keV gallium ions while using the same ion beam current of 1.4 nA is expected to lead to a locally increase in

• should carefully evaluate if changes to the ion incidence angle can lead to a further reduction in ion beam-induced heat damage. The effect of the different interaction volume sizes and shapes for various ion species should be studied to better understand where the proposed 1D model works and where a 3D

Quantum-to-classical modeling of monolayer Ge₂Se₂ and its application in photovoltaic devices

• Anup Shrivastava,
• Shivani Saini,
• Dolly Kumari,
• Sanjai Singh and
• Jost Adam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1153–1169, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.94

• a HTL. The schematic of the proposed solar cell is shown in Figure 6a. The proposed structure consists of a lead-free Perovskite layer as an absorber, titanium dioxide (TiO2) as ETL, and Ge2Se2 as HTL. A 100 nm thick layer of FTO is used to encapsulate the transport and absorber layers and treated

• performance [60][61]. Therefore, it is important to analyze their impact on the cell performance for better device design. Figure 7d shows the variation of the cell parameters at varying absorber defect densities from 1014 cm−3 to 1018 cm−3. Figure 7d shows that higher defect densities lead to worse device

• structures, which lead to dangling bonds. These defects at the junctions play a critical role in the performance of the device as they contribute to increased local recombination at the interface. Within this particular PSC, two critical interface layers exist, namely, the interface between the absorber and

Introducing third-generation periodic table descriptors for nano-qRASTR modeling of zebrafish toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles

• Supratik Kar and
• Siyun Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1142–1152, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.93

• . Conversely, MONPs with larger atomic radii and crystal ionic radii tend to exhibit a lower surface area-to-volume ratio, which can reduce their cellular interactions and uptake. This reduction in uptake can lead to less cellular dysfunction and toxicity. Larger atomic radii may result in MONPs that are less

• likely to penetrate cell membranes, thereby decreasing their potential to cause cellular damage and toxicity. However, MONPs with increased molecular bulk can enhance toxicity via several mechanisms. They can physically damage cell membranes, potentially causing cell death. Their size may lead to

Direct electron beam writing of silver using a β-diketonate precursor: first insights

• Katja Höflich,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Chinmai S. Jureddy,
• Aleksei Tsarapkin and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1117–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.90

• , which lead to the pronounced deposition of halos. In addition, all require relatively high substrate temperatures (well above 100 °C) in order to avoid condensation. Hence, thermal effects are expected to play an important role in deposit shape evolution with the enhanced desorption rates contributing

• extremely increased local electron flux. Given sufficient local precursor flux, this should lead to fast vertical growth that minimizes both parasitic deposition in the halo region and the unwanted contribution of the rather slow purely thermal dissociation. Spot deposits were performed at 15 kV with 1 µs

Effect of wavelength and liquid on formation of Ag, Au, Ag/Au nanoparticles via picosecond laser ablation and SERS-based detection of DMMP

• Sree Satya Bharati Moram,
• Chandu Byram and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1054–1069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.86

• (i) the plasmonic performance of Ag, (ii) a large number of NPs loaded onto the filter paper (resulting in a high yield of NPs at 1064 nm), (iii) the presence of ions from NaCl which can lead to ion-enhanced SERS effects [37][46][61]. The investigations further focused on assessing the stability of a

• to one month. Notably, the AuD3 substrate showed consistent performance with a decay percentage of 35% over 60 days. Ag/Au alloy NPs often display better properties than those of pure Ag and Au counterparts. Combining Ag and Au can lead to superior plasmonic properties derived from Ag, improved

Interface properties of nanostructured carbon-coated biological implants: an overview

• Mattia Bartoli,
• Francesca Cardano,
• Erik Piatti,
• Stefania Lettieri,
• Andrea Fin and
• Alberto Tagliaferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1041–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.85

• substances secreted and the effectiveness of CNT action. Carbon material coatings for improved mechanical, tribological, and electrical properties Performance and longevity of implants are closely related to their mechanical properties. A mismatch with tissues can potentially lead to stress shielding

Entry of nanoparticles into cells and tissues: status and challenges

• Kirsten Sandvig,
• Tore Geir Iversen and
• Tore Skotland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1017–1029, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.83

• may respond by increasing others [13]. Importantly, knockdown of caveolin may lead to increased uptake via the CLIC/GEEC pathway [14], and a similar phenomenon is seen after knockdown of cavin [15]. To which extent the CLIC/GEEC pathway is important for endocytosis of NPs has not been explored in

• misunderstanding that can lead to erroneous conclusions is that if a ligand becomes colocalized with cholera toxin in a vesicle, this can be used as proof for uptake from caveolae. In fact, cholera toxin can cause transmembrane signaling and may induce pinching off of caveolae itself, and cholera toxin has been

• as a control to see that the treatment reduces the uptake of this ligand. Chlorpromazine has been reported to lead to relocalization of clathrin and the adaptor AP2 from the plasma membrane and to endosomes [46]. Notably, this is associated with an inhibition of the recycling of receptors for α2

Ca_n neutral clusters: a two-step G₀W₀ and DFT benchmark

• Sunila Bakhsh,
• Sameen Aslam,
• Muhammad Khalid,
• Muhammad Sohail,
• Sundas Zafar,
• Sumayya Abdul Wadood,
• Kareem Morsy and
• Muhammad Aamir Iqbal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1010–1016, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.82

• predict the new ground-state structure of Be and Mg and successfully applied to obtain the correct IPs for these elemental clusters [15][16]. This comprehensive benchmark study will help to enhance our understanding of these fascinating nanostructures and lead to their real-world utilization in various

Electrospun nanofibers: building blocks for the repair of bone tissue

• Tuğrul Mert Serim,
• Gülin Amasya,
• Tuğba Eren-Böncü,
• Ceyda Tuba Şengel-Türk and
• Ayşe Nurten Özdemir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 941–953, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.77

• . The polymer may degrade during or after the release of active material by diffusion. The in vivo degradation times for commonly used polymers change from days to months [52][61][92]. Different properties of the polymers lead to a wide range of degradation and drug release rates [33][93]. Since the

Effects of cutting tool geometry on material removal of a gradient nanograined CoCrNi medium entropy alloy

• Yu-Sheng Lu,
• Yu-Xuan Hung,
• Thi-Xuyen Bui and
• Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 925–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.76

• decreases when the cutting depth is fixed. When the cutting-edge radius is 0.5 nm, the tool is the sharpest and has the best material removal rate. The blunt tool with a cutting-edge radius of 2.0 nm will preferably lead to plowing and squeezing for material removal at the initial cutting stage. It will

Identification of structural features of surface modifiers in engineered nanostructured metal oxides regarding cell uptake through ML-based classification

• Indrasis Dasgupta,
• Totan Das,
• Biplab Das and
• Shovanlal Gayen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 909–924, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.75

• values of maxsNH2 in compounds 1, 2, and 4 are zero, and these surface modifiers lead to higher cellular uptake in the PaCa2 cell line. This is also suggested by our previous Bayesian classification model (UIp 2 and UIp 3 fingerprints in Figure 3). The fifth negatively contributing descriptor in the

• negatively contributing descriptor in the model output was maxsNH2. The maxsNH2 value indicates the maximum electronic state value of a single-bonded NH2 group [53]. Higher values of maxsNH2 lead to a lower cellular uptake of ENMOs in the HUVEC cell line (e.g., 1, 2, 14, and 104). The aforementioned

Water-assisted purification during electron beam-induced deposition of platinum and gold

• Cristiano Glessi,
• Fabian A. Polman and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 884–896, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.73

• , resulting in the fabrication of metal oxide nanostructures. Post-deposition purification requires the removal of carbon after completion of the deposition, causing porosity and/or severe changes in size and shape. In addition, post-deposition purification may lead to only partly purified material. For

• -deposition purification because of the concomitant deposition and purification, which should lead to the direct deposition of the desired FEBID structures. Furthermore, deposition and purification at the same time are expected to produce pure bulk material [24]. In Table 1 an overview of the currently

• purification was achieved, but the functionalization of the material could lead to interesting applications, such as the production of nitrides using FEBID [28]. Water-assisted reactions in Pt FEBID deposits Water-assisted post-exposure purification of condensed layers of MeCpPtMe3 that mimic Pt FEBID deposits

The effect of age on the attachment ability of stick insects (Phasmatodea)

• Marie Grote,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 867–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.72

• might be results of such ageing processes. Tracheal degeneration could lead to leg tissue dying because of a lack of oxygen and, therefore, might also influence the adhesive pads and their performance. The suspected vascular insufficiency ties into the hemolymph pressure. In the insect circulatory

• lead to a decrease in adhesive properties due to the formation of folds in the pad surface, resulting in reduced actual contact area, in contrast to the findings of Dening et al. [43]. Tracheal degeneration could further harm the tarsal organs as a lack of oxygen could lead to damage in tissues. Loss

A review on the structural characterization of nanomaterials for nano-QSAR models

• Salvador Moncho,
• Eva Serrano-Candelas,
• Jesús Vicente de Julián-Ortiz and
• Rafael Gozalbes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 854–866, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.71

• view, ECHA recognizes the complexity of NMs and the fact that the same chemicals could lead to different nanostructured substances, which, despite sharing the chemical composition, should be considered different materials in terms of their activity and properties. ECHA uses the term “nanoform” to

• preparation and handling) will lead to different structural configurations and to different properties. Thus, the reported experimental conditions are significant, and they often need to be included in a predictive model. Finally, the quality of data is a key component in the development of QSAR models

• . Consistency of the data is a key aspect in the preparation of a database for a QSAR study as different changes in the conditions of the test could lead to a dispersion of the results [4]. This should be considered carefully when collecting data from different sources. It becomes a harder problem in nano-QSAR

Investigation on drag reduction on rotating blade surfaces with microtextures

• Qinsong Zhu,
• Chen Zhang,
• Fuhang Yu and
• Yan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 833–853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.70

• surfaces. (2) The analysis of drag reduction performance is mostly based on numerical simulation results, with a lack of technology research regarding the processing of microtextures and of analysis of experimental results. On the one hand, the small size of microtextures may lead to significant errors in

• of Figure 3. According to the flow field information from the smooth blade, the velocity in the front section of the suction surface is faster. The placement of ribs here increases the projection area, resulting in the increase of Pd, which will lead to advanced transition and separation of the flow

• . Therefore, the groove has little effect on drag and ξ. According to Figure 14b, the grooves arranged in the front section of the blade suction surface lead to an increase in turbulent kinetic energy. This results in an earlier increase in turbulence intensity, indicating the premature separation of the

Synthesis of silver–palladium Janus nanoparticles using co-sputtering of independent sources: experimental and theorical study

• Maria J. Martínez-Carreón,
• Francisco Solís-Pomar,
• Abel Fundora,
• Claudio D. Gutiérrez-Lazos,
• Sergio Mejía-Rosales,
• Hector N. Fernández-Escamilla,
• Jonathan Guerrero-Sánchez,
• Manuel F. Meléndrez and
• Eduardo Pérez-Tijerina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 808–816, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.67

• that present two faces or regions with different chemical or physical properties in a single particle. Their compositional asymmetry can lead to interesting interactions with their environment or other materials, which give them properties and potential applications that homogeneous nanoparticles do

Electron-induced ligand loss from iron tetracarbonyl methyl acrylate

• Hlib Lyshchuk,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Thomas F. M. Luxford,
• Miloš Ranković,
• Jaroslav Kočišek,
• Juraj Fedor,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• Pamir Nag

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 797–807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.66

• (FEBID). FEBID is an emerging method for the fabrication of 3D nanostructures. It relies on the local decomposition of precursors in the focal area of an electron beam [1][2][3][4]. In the case of deposition of metals, the interaction with the electrons should ideally lead to a cleavage of all metal

• already mentioned π* shape resonance around 1 and 1.4 eV, respectively, which leads to the dissociation of two ligands (in the present case either two CO ligands or one CO and one MA ligand). Also, there are several core-excited resonances that lead to more complete stripping. In both cases, the bare Fe

• first field-free region) or lead to the broadening of the ion mass peaks (if the decay happens in the extraction region). Non-physical causes of these spurious signals can be related either to the collision-induced dissociation of the weakly bound anions in the mass analyzer or to a significant