A combined gas-phase dissociative ionization, dissociative electron attachment and deposition study on the potential FEBID precursor [Au(CH₃)₂Cl]₂

• Elif Bilgilisoy,
• Ali Kamali,
• Thomas Xaver Gentner,
• Gerd Ballmann,
• Sjoerd Harder,
• Hans-Peter Steinrück,
• Hubertus Marbach and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1178–1199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.98

• low-energy electron interaction under a variety of different conditions. Those are the gas phase [59][61] in thin layers under non-steady state conditions [57], in comparative FEBID experiments under HV and UHV conditions [60], and with respect to post-deposition purification through electron exposure

• and through reductive halogen removal using atomic hydrogen [58]. In an early study by Spencer et al. [57], 0.7 nm layers of Pt(CO)2Cl2 were exposed to 500 eV electrons and desorbing ligands were monitored by mass spectrometry, while the development of the deposit was monitored using XPS. It was found

Spatial variations of conductivity of self-assembled monolayers of dodecanethiol on Au/mica and Au/Si substrates

• Julian Skolaut,
• Jędrzej Tepper,
• Federica Galli,
• Wulf Wulfhekel and
• Jan M. van Ruitenbeek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1169–1177, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.97

• , Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, Netherlands Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.14.97 Abstract Determining the conductivity of molecular layers is a crucial step in advancing towards applications in molecular

• electronics. A common test bed for fundamental investigations on how to acquire this conductivity are alkanethiol layers on gold substrates. A widely used approach in measuring the conductivity of a molecular layer is conductive atomic force microscopy. Using this method, we investigate the influence of a

• ][3] has always held a central role, as the flexibility and control over the structure of molecules is unmatched. One of the fundamental parts of devices employing a bottom-up approach combined with molecular electronics is comprised of metal electrodes and molecular layers deposited onto them. For

Elasticity, an often-overseen parameter in the development of nanoscale drug delivery systems

• Agnes-Valencia Weiss and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1149–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.95

• filled with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) cores of different sizes resulting in interfacial water layers with different thicknesses and therefore with tunable elasticity [38]. Semielastic particles whose Young’s moduli were around 50 mPa showed the fastest diffusion in mucus. However, harder

Density functional theory study of Au-fcc/Ge and Au-hcp/Ge interfaces

• Olga Sikora,
• Małgorzata Sternik,
• Benedykt R. Jany,
• Franciszek Krok,
• Przemysław Piekarz and
• Andrzej M. Oleś

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1093–1105, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.90

• of atomic layers and the epitaxial Au-fcc(001)/Ge(001) heterojunction shown in Figure 2 (two variants of mutual positions of the slabs are presented). This simplest heterostructure can be built by setting the [110] direction of the Au crystal parallel to the [100] direction of the Ge lattice [32

• layers in the supercell. In variant T1 of the considered heterostructure, the Au atoms are at maximum distance from the Ge atoms, while in variant T2 some of the gold atoms are located on the top of Ge sites. Our preliminary calculations indicated that variant T1 is preferred, and we conducted

• tests performed to find the optimal thickness of the Au layer in the Au/Ge heterostructure with five Ge layers. The plot of the interfacial energy reveals a much weaker dependence on the number of Au layers. Values of the work of separation for the Au-fcc(001)/Ge(001) heterojunction include both the

Properties of tin oxide films grown by atomic layer deposition from tin tetraiodide and ozone

• Kristjan Kalam,
• Peeter Ritslaid,
• Tanel Käämbre,
• Aile Tamm and
• Kaupo Kukli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1085–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.89

• have been studied from many perspectives. For example, one can mention anodes for Li-ion batteries [1], gas sensors [2], catalytic activities [3], and stable buffer [4] or base [5] layers in solar cells. More applications can be found, when SnO2 is considered as constituent of a nanostructure or a

• nanocomposite layer. ZrO2–SnO2 stacked layers have been shown to perform as mechanically elastic and magnetizable films [6]. SnO2-coated carbon nanotubes have been studied as catalysts [7] and ZnO–SnO2 as functional composite in Li-ion batteries [8]. A recent review article from 2022 lists 27 different

• distances average to less sharp XAS peaks. Because of the somewhat less shallow probe depth of XAS recorded in TEY mode (ca. 10 nm) compared to the high surface sensitivity of the recorded photoemission spectra (a few atomic layers) [41] we suggest that less completely oxidised species appear below the

Isolation of cubic Si₃P₄ in the form of nanocrystals

• Polina K. Nikiforova,
• Sergei S. Bubenov,
• Vadim B. Platonov,
• Andrey S. Kumskov,
• Nikolay N. Kononov,
• Tatyana A. Kuznetsova and
• Sergey G. Dorofeev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 971–979, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.80

• phosphorus as a dopant. From the outset, phosphorus diffusion through hydrogenated and oxide layers was surmised to be different. In the case of similar previously performed syntheses of Si NPs with an oxide layer [21], phosphorus diffuses deep into the NP cores and distributes rather homogenously with a

Low temperature atomic layer deposition of cobalt using dicobalt hexacarbonyl-1-heptyne as precursor

• Mathias Franz,
• Mahnaz Safian Jouzdani,
• Lysann Kaßner,
• Marcus Daniel,
• Frank Stahr and
• Stefan E. Schulz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 951–963, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.78

• . Typically, these systems require ultrathin layers within the nanometre scale [6]. The thickness and conformality criteria of future microelectronics devices require the development of cobalt metal films deposited by ALD. Because of the self-limiting growth process, ALD allows for the sub-nanometre control

• significant influence on the deposition behaviour. Figure 10 shows the thickness distribution of ALD layers deposited at 85 °C after 1500 cycles for different plasma pulse times as violin plot [41]. This plot shows the film thickness distribution on the wafer surface for each plasma pulse time. The results

Upscaling the urea method synthesis of CoAl layered double hydroxides

• Camilo Jaramillo-Hernández,
• Víctor Oestreicher,
• Martín Mizrahi and
• Gonzalo Abellán

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 927–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.76

• layers containing MII and MIII octahedral cations connected by μ3-OH bridges that interact electrostatically with interlayer anions. Typically, LDHs can be represented by the chemical formula , where M represents cations (e.g., Mg, Zn, Co, Ni, Cu, Al, Fe, or Cr) and x the metallic ratio (typically, 0.20

Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles for target-specific drug delivery of chemotherapeutics

• Mamta Kumari,
• Amitabha Acharya and
• Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 912–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.75

• or elimination of NP targeting capability by shielding or completely covering relevant functional groups. To block the adhesion of corona proteins on NP surfaces, various strategies have been established using surface barrier layers, such as polymer, protein, or biomimetic coatings, with the ultimate

Industrial perspectives for personalized microneedles

• Remmi Danae Baker-Sediako,
• Benjamin Richter,
• Matthias Blaicher,
• Michael Thiel and
• Martin Hermatschweiler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 857–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.70

• artifact from slicing the computer-aided design (CAD) into layers [47][48]. The staircase effect leads to increased surface roughness of the order of micrometers, and high surface roughness on the microneedles will require substantially more pressure to penetrate the skin. These slicing artifacts

Biomimetics on the micro- and nanoscale – The 25th anniversary of the lotus effect

• Matthias Mail,
• Kerstin Koch,
• Thomas Speck,
• William M. Megill and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 850–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.69

• repellency, but also on the capability of some surfaces to keep stable air layers under water – the so-called Salvinia Effect. Such air layers are of great importance for drag reduction (passive air lubrication), antifouling, sensor applications, or oil–water separation. Up to now, based on the

A wearable nanoscale heart sound sensor based on P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/GR and its application in cardiac disease detection

• Yi Luo,
• Jian Liu,
• Jiachang Zhang,
• Yu Xiao,
• Ying Wu and
• Zhidong Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 819–833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.67

• “db6 wavelet decomposition” decomposes the heart sound signal into five layers, selects seven optimal bases of the heart sound signal according to the filtering characteristics of the binary wavelet sub-band, and reconstructs feature vectors. As shown in Figure 18, the shaded background annotation

In situ magnesiothermic reduction synthesis of a Ge@C composite for high-performance lithium-ion batterie anodes

• Ha Tran Huu,
• Ngoc Phi Nguyen,
• Vuong Hoang Ngo,
• Huy Hoang Luc,
• Minh Kha Le,
• Minh Thu Nguyen,
• My Loan Phung Le,
• Hye Rim Kim,
• In Young Kim,
• Sung Jin Kim,
• Van Man Tran and
• Vien Vo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 751–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.62

• compositions such as Li7Ge2, Li9Ge4, and Li22Ge2 [53][54][55]. The remaining shoulder can be ascribed to the decomposition of the electrolyte and the formation of solid–electrolyte interface (SEI) layers [55][56]. In the following cycles, the signal of the SEI layer formation at a potentials of 0.3 V vs Li/Li

Cross-sectional Kelvin probe force microscopy on III–V epitaxial multilayer stacks: challenges and perspectives

• Mattia da Lisca,
• José Alvarez,
• James P. Connolly,
• Nicolas Vaissiere,
• Karim Mekhazni,
• Jean Decobert and
• Jean-Paul Kleider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 725–737, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.59

• consisting of many layers and interfaces. The study and the comprehension of the mechanisms that take place at the interfaces is crucial for efficiency improvement. In this work, we apply frequency-modulated Kelvin probe force microscopy under ambient conditions to investigate the capability of this

• technique for the analysis of an InP/GaInAs(P) multilayer stack. KPFM reveals a strong dependence on the local doping concentration, allowing for the detection of the surface potential of layers with a resolution as low as 20 nm. The analysis of the surface potential allowed for the identification of space

• containing numerous layers and interfaces [1]. The capability to conduct local investigations at the nanoscale level that provide information on the electrical properties of materials and along physical interfaces is becoming crucial for solar photovoltaic device efficiency improvement [2]. Electrical

A graphene quantum dots–glassy carbon electrode-based electrochemical sensor for monitoring malathion

• Sanju Tanwar,
• Aditi Sharma and
• Dhirendra Mathur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 701–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.56

• lowers the detection limit [18]. In an effort to combine the properties of carbon dots and graphene, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with a size smaller than 100 nm and only a few layers of graphene (3 to 10 layers) have been developed as a new class of carbon nanomaterials [19]. Scientists have explored

• distance, respectively, covered by the GQDs. The variation in size of the GQDs can be determined from the x axis, while from the y axis, the thickness of the GQDs can be obtained. The average thickness of the GQDs is about 2.8 nm, which indicates the presence of 8–9 graphene layers, assuming an interlayer

• containing functional groups are still present in GQDs even after hydrothermal treatment. Due to the nanoscale size of GQDs and a small number of graphene layers, the diffraction peak appears broad [35]. Using the FWHM of the diffraction peak, an average crystallite size of 2.69 nm was calculated for the

The microstrain-accompanied structural phase transition from h-MoO₃ to α-MoO₃ investigated by in situ X-ray diffraction

• Zeqian Zhang,
• Honglong Shi,
• Boxiang Zhuang,
• Minting Luo and
• Zhenfei Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 692–700, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.55

• octahedron layers in the ⟨100⟩α direction. The octahedron layers are bonded by van der Waals interactions in the ⟨010⟩α direction, crystalizing into the α-MoO3 structure. Keywords: microstrain; molybdenum oxide; phase transition; thermal expansion; Introduction Molybdenum exhibits oxidation states ranging

• ], β-MoO3 [15][16], h-MoO3 [17], γ-MoO3 [18], and the high-pressure phase MoO3-II [19]. α-MoO3 and β-MoO3 are the two most commonly reported molybdenum oxides. α-MoO3 is a thermodynamically stable orthorhombic phase. It is a layered crystal with strong covalent bonding within the layers and weak van

• der Waals coupling between layers [20]. β-MoO3 is a metastable phase in which the MoO6 octahedra share corners in three dimensions to construct a monoclinic structure [16]. h-MoO3 is a metastable hexagonal phase. It has the unique structural characteristic that the MoO6 octahedra chains share corners

Humidity-dependent electrical performance of CuO nanowire networks studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

• Jelena Kosmaca,
• Juris Katkevics,
• Jana Andzane,
• Raitis Sondors,
• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Kiryl Niherysh,
• Yelyzaveta Rublova and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 683–691, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.54

• chemisorption and physisorption at the nanowire interface, which suppress electronic transport inside the p-type semiconductor nanowire but enhance ionic transport in the water layers adsorbed on the nanowire surface. Possible physicochemical processes at the nanowire surface are discussed in line with

• formation of additional physisorbed H2O layers through hydrogen bonding (Figure 3e). The conduction process occurs by the Grotthuss mechanism [29][33][34] of H+ hopping through the network of H2O molecules on the surface (H3O+ + H2O ↔ H2O + H3O+). Higher humidity causes increased concentration of H+ and

• the increasing contribution of ionic conductivity in the water layers. At RH above 60%, the constant phase element and the Warburg element appeared in the equivalent circuit, suggesting an increasing part of water physisorption and condensation. All in all, the influence of these factors can explain

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

SERS performance of GaN/Ag substrates fabricated by Ag coating of GaN platforms

• Magdalena A. Zając,
• Bogusław Budner,
• Malwina Liszewska,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Łukasz Gutowski,
• Jan L. Weyher and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 552–564, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.46

• substrates using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and magnetron sputtering (MS) and their evaluation as potential substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) are reported. Ag layers of comparable thicknesses were deposited using PLD and MS on nanostructured GaN platforms. All fabricated SERS

• plasmonic metals or their alloys [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. The chemical and electrochemical etching of GaN heteroepitaxial layers leads to various nanostructures formed on line defects (dislocations), such as straight nanopillars, bunches of nanopillars, and pits [31][32]. The nanostructured

• morphology of fabricated Ag layers examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Then, we present the results of their optical properties determined using UV–vis spectroscopy. Finally, we compare the SERS performance of the GaN/Ag substrates toward 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (pMBA) molecules adsorbed on them

Observation of multiple bulk bound states in the continuum modes in a photonic crystal cavity

• Rui Chen,
• Yi Zheng,
• Xingyu Huang,
• Qiaoling Lin,
• Chaochao Ye,
• Meng Xiong,
• Martijn Wubs,
• Yungui Ma,
• Minhao Pu and
• Sanshui Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 544–551, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.45

• along the z direction was applied as the source. Perfectly matched layers are used at all boundaries of the simulation region. The mode patterns are captured by adding a field monitor at the middle plane of the structure. An apodization window is utilized in the monitor to filter out the incident power

Carbon nanotube-cellulose ink for rapid solvent identification

• Tiago Amarante,
• Thiago H. R. Cunha,
• Claudio Laudares,
• Ana P. M. Barboza,
• Ana Carolina dos Santos,
• Cíntia L. Pereira,
• Vinicius Ornelas,
• Bernardo R. A. Neves,
• André S. Ferlauto and
• Rodrigo G. Lacerda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 535–543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.44

• changing the number of painted layers. Figure 1b shows a histogram of the initial resistance distribution of the sensors averaged over around 400 devices, demonstrating the system’s robustness for large-scale production. The resistance distribution was fitted using an exponentially modified Gaussian (EMG

• ) and the calculated mean resistance (with standard deviation) is 1.26 ± 0.07 kΩ. A geometry optimization was also performed to find out the maximum gain response as a function of width, length, and number of painted layers (see Supporting Information File 1 for details). To better understand how MWCNTs

On the use of Raman spectroscopy to characterize mass-produced graphene nanoplatelets

• Keith R. Paton,
• Konstantinos Despotelis,
• Naresh Kumar,
• Piers Turner and
• Andrew J. Pollard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 509–521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.42

• these two extremes, the peak shape evolves gradually, and while the 2D peak from bilayer graphene has been shown to comprise four components, deconvolution for higher layer numbers has not been reliably carried out. The spectrum recorded from flakes with ten or more layers is typically indistinguishable

• from that of bulk graphite. However, it is important to note that this behaviour can be affected by the stacking order. For example, for turbostratic graphite, where there is random rotational alignment between the layers, the 2D band also has the shape of a single Lorentzian line [21]. However, it

• lateral size of 218 nm. We did not attempt to give a number of layers for these flakes. Yet, we do note that while the natural interlayer spacing for graphite is 0.34 nm, it has been reported previously that for similarly produced flakes, monolayer flakes had a measured thickness of 2 nm, with each

Conjugated photothermal materials and structure design for solar steam generation

• Chia-Yang Lin and
• Tsuyoshi Michinobu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 454–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.36

• the spectral range of terrestrial solar irradiation (Figure 6b and Figure 6c). Single-layer PPy nanosheets transmit 0.2–0.3% of light, while two or more layers of the PPy nanosheets exhibit a very low transmittance over the entire solar spectrum. It is interesting to note that the light absorption

• depends on the number of layers, which was caused by the surface structure of the multilayer PPy nanosheets. The high roughness and sharp local curvature of the multilayer PPy nanosheets were retained and incident light was effectively redistributed. In other words, transmitted light is confined in the

• multilayer PPy nanosheets, and this results in internal light scattering between the layers (Figure 6d). These multilayer nanosheets promote a broadband and wide-angle light absorption across the entire solar spectrum, thus increasing the solar thermal conversion efficiency to 95.33%. Polyaniline

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

• interaction between inner-core and outer-shell plasmons, PT energy transduction is significantly more effective. The absorption coefficient (Cabs) of the nanomatryushka (NM) can be calculated by varying the volumetric factor of the different layers of the nanostructures and the refractive index of the

Quercetin- and caffeic acid-functionalized chitosan-capped colloidal silver nanoparticles: one-pot synthesis, characterization, and anticancer and antibacterial activities

• Akif Hakan Kurt,
• Elif Berna Olutas,
• Fatma Avcioglu,
• Hamza Karakuş,
• Mehmet Ali Sungur,
• Cansu Kara Oztabag and
• Muhammet Yıldırım

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 362–376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.31

• acid, and chitosan) used in the structure of the shell layers. In the FTIR spectrum of pure quercetin (Figure 3a) the bands observed at about 3408 and 3292 cm−1 correspond to phenolic O–H stretching [64]. The peak at 1671 cm−1 stems from the stretching of the C=O carbonyl functional group. The

• Figure 4a and Figure 4b, the Ag NPs covered by chitosan layers comprising quercetin or caffeic acid have mostly spherical shapes. However, both samples also include nanostructures with different shapes, such as rods and triangles, in smaller numbers than the spherical particles. This also resulted in