Amorphous Ni_xCo_yP-supported TiO₂ nanotube arrays as an efficient hydrogen evolution reaction electrocatalyst in acidic solution

• Yong Li,
• Peng Yang,
• Bin Wang and
• Zhongqing Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 62–70, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.6

• anatase peak intensities. The top-view FE-SEM images of TNAs and NixCoyP/TNAs are shown in Figure 2. It is obvious that the openings of the TNAs were smooth with even wall thickness. After electrodeposition of NiCoP, the openings of sample NixCoyP/TNAs were coarse with apparent deposit attached. Figure 3

• /TNAs as the cathode, the bath voltage was only 1.07 V at hydrogen evolution current density of −10 mA cm−2, indicating superb electrocatalytic activity. The electrochemical stability of the electrode was proved via continuous cycling measurements. XRD patterns of the samples. Top-view FE-SEM images of

Electrolyte tuning in dye-sensitized solar cells with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) iron(II) sensitizers

• Mariia Karpacheva,
• Catherine E. Housecroft and
• Edwin C. Constable

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3069–3078, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.285

• -[Fe{bpy-4,4'-(CO2H)2}2(CN)2] (Scheme 2) achieved a short-circuit current density (JSC) of 0.29 mA cm−2 and an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 360 mV. However, little progress was made in this area [26] until the interest shifted to the use of iron(II) complexes incorporating N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC

• density of the DSCs (on day of sealing the cells) on additives (concentrations in M). Electrolyte compositions are LiI (0.1 M), I2 (0.05 M), ionic liquid (0.6 M) in MPN with additives as specified on the abscissa. Structures of the ruthenium dyes N3 and N719. Structures of cis-[Fe{bpy-4,4'-(CO2H)2}2(CN)2

A novel polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-modified layered double hydroxide: preparation, characterization and properties

• Xianwei Zhang,
• Zhongzhu Ma,
• Hong Fan,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Jintao Wan and
• Philippe Dubois

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3053–3068, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.284

• , these peaks in the brucite-like lattice show a small shift toward higher binding energies, probably arising from the interferences of OCPS intercalators. A similar phenomenon has been reported before in the case of carbon black nanoparticles modified Ni–Fe LDH [31]. XRD The XRD patterns of NLDH and OLDH

Size limits of magnetic-domain engineering in continuous in-plane exchange-bias prototype films

• Alexander Gaul,
• Daniel Emmrich,
• Timo Ueltzhöffer,
• Henning Huckfeldt,
• Hatice Doğanay,
• Johanna Hackl,
• Muhammad Imtiaz Khan,
• Daniel M. Gottlob,
• Gregor Hartmann,
• André Beyer,
• Dennis Holzinger,
• Slavomír Nemšák,
• Claus M. Schneider,
• Armin Gölzhäuser,
• Günter Reiss and
• Arno Ehresmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2968–2979, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.276

• performed at beamline UE56/1-SGM of the synchrotron radiation facility BESSY II after excitation with right and left circularly polarized X-rays with an energy of 709 eV (Fe L3 edge). Prior to measurements, the capping layer was thinned by argon ion sputtering allowing the Fe photoelectrons to escape from

The nanoscaled metal-organic framework ICR-2 as a carrier of porphyrins for photodynamic therapy

• Jan Hynek,
• Sebastian Jurík,
• Martina Koncošová,
• Jaroslav Zelenka,
• Ivana Křížová,
• Tomáš Ruml,
• Kaplan Kirakci,
• Ivo Jakubec,
• František Kovanda,
• Kamil Lang and
• Jan Demel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2960–2967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.275

• (Figure S4A, Supporting Information File 1), evidencing that the prevailing terminal groups on the surface of nanoICR-2 are coordinatively unsaturated Fe cationic sites. NanoICR-2 was modified with three anionic porphyrins: 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-methylphosphinatophenyl)porphyrin (TPPPi(Me)), 5,10,15,20

• porphyrins can bind only to the terminal Fe atoms located on the surface of the nanoparticles. In addition, the porphyrin units are larger (over 10 Å) than the pore diameter of ICR-2 (9 Å) and thus they cannot enter the pores. This hypothesis was confirmed by the fact that non-anionic 5,10,15,20

• ), TPPPi(iPr), and TPPPi(Ph), respectively (Figure S4, Supporting Information File 1). These results are consistent with the binding of the porphyrin phosphinate groups to the coordinatively unsaturated Fe cationic sites at the surface of the nanoparticles. Because of the nearly square planar geometry of

Charged particle single nanometre manufacturing

• Philip D. Prewett,
• Cornelis W. Hagen,
• Claudia Lenk,
• Steve Lenk,
• Marcus Kaestner,
• Tzvetan Ivanov,
• Ahmad Ahmad,
• Ivo W. Rangelow,
• Xiaoqing Shi,
• Stuart A. Boden,
• Alex P. G. Robinson,
• Dongxu Yang,
• Sangeetha Hari,
• Marijke Scotuzzi and
• Ejaz Huq

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2855–2882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.266

• lithography, FE-eSPL. This has been developed out of scanning tunneling microscopy using lower-energy electrons (tens of electronvolts rather than the tens of kiloelectronvolts of the other techniques). It has the considerable advantage of being employed without the need for a vacuum system, in ambient air

• emission electron scanning probe lithography (FE-eSPL) as the chosen charged particle beam-based SPL method, which offers high-resolution lithography and high writing speeds [125][126]. In FE-eSPL, electrons emitted from the tip of a scanning probe are used to expose the resist. In this respect, the FE

• is relatively low in comparison with the primary beam energies of tens of kiloelectronvolts used in EBL. The typical tip–sample distance (<100 nm) is smaller than the mean free path of electrons in air at atmospheric pressure so there is no requirement for a vacuum system and the FE-eSPL process is

Nanostructure-induced performance degradation of WO₃·nH₂O for energy conversion and storage devices

• Zhenyin Hai,
• Mohammad Karbalaei Akbari,
• Zihan Wei,
• Danfeng Cui,
• Chenyang Xue,
• Hongyan Xu,
• Philippe M. Heynderickx,
• Francis Verpoort and
• Serge Zhuiykov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2845–2854, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.265

• samples were identified with a high-resolution X-ray diffractometer (HR-XRD, SmartLab, Rigaku). The morphology of samples was investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM, JSM-7100F, Jeol) together with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Information about chemical composition and

Graphene-enhanced metal oxide gas sensors at room temperature: a review

• Dongjin Sun,
• Yifan Luo,
• Marc Debliquy and
• Chao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2832–2844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.264

• heterojunctions are responsible for the exceptional NO2 sensing performance of CeO2–rGO sensor. Zhang et al. [59] added GO suspension to a Fe(NO3)3·9H2O solution, then synthesized α-Fe2O3–rGO hybrids via hydrothermal method. During the process of testing, the authors found that the doping amount of graphene

Near-infrared light harvesting of upconverting NaYF₄:Yb³⁺/Er³⁺-based amorphous silicon solar cells investigated by an optical filter

• Daiming Liu,
• Qingkang Wang and
• Qing Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2788–2793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.260

• optical filter. Photoelectric performances of a-Si:H solar cells with and without UC were compared under AM1.5 solar irradiation. Results and Discussion Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was used to investigate the sample morphologies over the course of the reaction. In Figure 1a, the

• -NaYF4 phase (JCPDS-16-0334) increase in intensity, while the reflections belonging to the cubic β-NaYF4 phase (JCPDS-77-2042) weaken. We can infer that the nanoparticles have a cubic crystal structure, while the nanorods are hexagonal. XRD patterns agree well with FE-SEM results. The cubic-to-hexagonal

• reflector. XRD analysis was carried out on a Bruker D8 Advance X-ray diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation, keeping the operating voltage and current at 40 kV and 40 mA, respectively. A 2θ range from 10 to 80° in steps of 6°/min was measured. FE-SEM images and EDX spectroscopy were recorded on Carl Zeiss

Accurate control of the covalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes for the electro-enzymatically controlled oxidation of biomolecules

• Naoual Allali,
• Veronika Urbanova,
• Mathieu Etienne,
• Xavier Devaux,
• Martine Mallet,
• Brigitte Vigolo,
• Jean-Joseph Adjizian,
• Chris P. Ewels,
• Sven Oberg,
• Alexander V. Soldatov,
• Edward McRae,
• Yves Fort,
• Manuel Dossot and
• Victor Mamane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2750–2762, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.257

• were indeed present at the surface of the bundles, using the Fe 2p signal as a marker of the grafted groups (Figure S1A, Supporting Information File 1). Table 1 reports the atomic percentages found on raw, oxidized and functionalized HIPCO samples, as well as the spectral components of the C 1s signal

• essentially a surface-specific method. The clear Fe 2p signal obtained for functionalized samples and reported for instance in Figure S1B (Supporting Information File 1) for the HIPCO-FcETG2 sample arises exclusively from the grafted groups. The binding energies of the Fe 2p components were always at 720.4 eV

• and 706.5 eV for 2p1/2 and 2p3/2 components, respectively, which are typical values for the Fe(II) oxidation state in ferrocene compounds [31]. Table 1 indicates that around 1–2 atom % Fe is detected in the samples functionalized with ferrocene derivatives (entries 3, 4, 5, 7 and 8), which is a low

Disorder in H⁺-irradiated HOPG: effect of impinging energy and dose on Raman D-band splitting and surface topography

• Lisandro Venosta,
• Noelia Bajales,
• Sergio Suárez and
• Paula G. Bercoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2708–2717, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.253

• counting rates in the region of energies close to those of the Fe Kα and Kβ lines, indicating that there are no noticeable peaks between 6 and 7.5 keV assigned to the presence of Fe in the sample. It is worth noting that because we did not measure with standards to compare with, our measurements were only

• oriented to identify a possibly significant Fe contamination. Instead, we observed the presence of some other contaminants attributed to Al, coming from the collision chamber; Si, probably from the substrate where the HOPG sample was mounted and some traces of Ca, of unknown origin. Irradiation experiments

Size-selected Fe₃O₄–Au hybrid nanoparticles for improved magnetism-based theranostics

• Maria V. Efremova,
• Yulia A. Nalench,
• Eirini Myrovali,
• Anastasiia S. Garanina,
• Ivan S. Grebennikov,
• Polina K. Gifer,
• Maxim A. Abakumov,
• Marina Spasova,
• Makis Angelakeris,
• Alexander G. Savchenko,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia L. Klyachko,
• Alexander G. Majouga and
• Ulf Wiedwald

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2684–2699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.251

• deteriorated Fe oxide parts attached to each other. The composition (in terms of Fe3O4 and Au mass fraction) of the hybrid NPs is determined by XRD (assuming Fe3O4 and Au bulk densities of 5.2 g·cm−3 and 19.3 g·cm−3, respectively) and additionally by atomic emission spectrometry (AES). The results are

• ) our results follow the trends reported previously [43][44][45][46]. Note that MS of sample MNP-25 matches the Fe3O4 bulk value within the error bar. The error is rather large due to the net weight of the samples (few milligrams) and the mass fraction of Fe oxide with respect to Au as determined by AES

• the higher blocking temperature. Thus, all NPs in MNP-44 contribute to the temperature rise via Néel losses. Hysteresis losses prevail and stabilize the SLP values for MNP-25 and MNP-44 at 3.6 mg·mL−1 Fe concentration (Figure 6C). As a reference, the heating rate and corresponding SLP are also

Pattern generation for direct-write three-dimensional nanoscale structures via focused electron beam induced deposition

• Lukas Keller and
• Michael Huth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2581–2598, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.240

• the chosen process parameters, a wide range of different materials can be obtained. On the one hand, polycrystalline metals can be realized, mainly of ferromagnetic type like Fe, Co or Fe–Co alloys [12][13] or noble metals, such as Pt, Au and Ag [14][15][16]. On the other hand, granular metals [17

Friction reduction through biologically inspired scale-like laser surface textures

• Johannes Schneider,
• Vergil Djamiykov and
• Christian Greiner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2561–2572, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.238

• (Fe with 1.5% Cr and 1.0% carbon, AISI 5210) bearing steel. The material was purchased from KGM (Fulda, Germany) in the form of spheres having a diameter of 8 mm and with one side flattened. The flattened side of the spheres was further polished to a diameter of 7.5 mm. This allowed for enough area to

Enhanced antineoplastic/therapeutic efficacy using 5-fluorouracil-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Shanid Mohiyuddin,
• Saba Naqvi and
• Gopinath Packirisamy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2499–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.233

• with an approximate diameter of 160–180 nm was confirmed by different methods. The physicochemical characterization of the synthesized CaP@5-FU NPs was done with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier

• observed in FE-SEM micrographs. The up-regulated proapoptotic and down-regulated antiapoptotic gene expressions were further confirmed with semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were quantified via flow cytometry

• . On the other hand, the DLS analysis will determine the size of the particle in the solution. Scanning electron microscopy studies FE-SEM was performed to confirm the particle size, morphology, and elemental characterization. The synthesized CaP@5-FU NPs were found to have a mean diameter of 158

Nanocellulose: Recent advances and its prospects in environmental remediation

• Katrina Pui Yee Shak,
• Yean Ling Pang and
• Shee Keat Mah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2479–2498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.232

• affinity towards multiple metal ions and an increase in adsorption [95]. Dong et al. [95] discovered that the order of removal and regeneration efficiencies of sulphonated cellulose for three metal ions were in the order of Fe(III) > Pb(II) > Cu(II) and Cu(II) > Pb(II) > Fe(III), respectively, and hence

Hydrothermal-derived carbon as a stabilizing matrix for improved cycling performance of silicon-based anodes for lithium-ion full cells

• Mirco Ruttert,
• Florian Holtstiege,
• Jessica Hüsker,
• Markus Börner,
• Martin Winter and
• Tobias Placke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2381–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.223

• electronic conductivity. Besides carbon-based matrices, intermetallic, silicide phases consisting of Si and different metals, such as Mg [42][43], Fe [40], Cr [44] or Ni [39][45] are the most prominent representatives of this approach. There is a vast amount of publications focusing on carbon/silicon

Electrospun one-dimensional nanostructures: a new horizon for gas sensing materials

• Muhammad Imran,
• Nunzio Motta and
• Mahnaz Shafiei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2128–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.202

• /NTs have been doped by alkaline earth (Ae) metals [86], lanthanides (Yb, Sr, Ce) [4][8][177], rare earth metals (Pr) [7], transition metals (Fe, Y, Ni) [5][178][179], copper [180], Pd [172] and Al [181]. In addition, NPs have been doped with Pt [153], Ag [157], Ca2+/Au [146][153][154] and LaOCl [182

Metal-free catalysis based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials: a photoelectron spectroscopy point of view

• Mattia Scardamaglia and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2015–2031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.191

• candidates are the less expensive transition metals (Co, Ni, Fe, Mo) and their alloys [5]. However, these metals suffer from inherent corrosion and susceptibility to oxidation which limit their use in acidic electrolytic environments. The most common poisoning agent is CO, which inhibits the dissociative

Recent highlights in nanoscale and mesoscale friction

• Andrea Vanossi,
• Dirk Dietzel,
• Andre Schirmeisen,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Rémy Pawlak,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Marcin Kisiel,
• Shigeki Kawai and
• Nicola Manini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1995–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.190

• preliminary experiments [195], it was possible to observe the conformational changes of single adsorbed molecules due to the presence of single Fe atoms acting as catalytic centers (Figure 9). Future experiments in this line, for example using other photo-chromic groups integrated in molecules such as

• macroscopic friction and wear tests. A nontrivial connection between the macroscopic and microscopic scales in frictional systems has been obtained by means of MD simulations of the wear process of a rough Fe surface by multiple hard abrasive particles [209]. By quantifying the nanoscopic abrasion depth as a

Synthesis of a MnO₂/Fe₃O₄/diatomite nanocomposite as an efficient heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst for methylene blue degradation

• Zishun Li,
• Xuekun Tang,
• Kun Liu,
• Jing Huang,
• Yueyang Xu,
• Qian Peng and
• Minlin Ao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1940–1950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.185

• synthesis of diatomite-based MnO2/Fe3O4 nano-materials for Fenton-like reactions. Experimental Materials and reagent Iron(III) acetylacetonate (Fe(acac)3), peroxymonosulfate (PMS, KHSO5·0.5KHSO4·0.5K2SO4) were purchased from the Aladdin Industrial Corporation (Shanghai, China). Potassium permanganate (KMnO4

• min. Then 600 mg of Fe(acac)3 was added as the iron precursor under further 30 min of stirring. The obtained mixture was heated to 278 °C at a rate of 3 °C·min−1, and kept at reflux for 30 min under vigorous stirring and under N2 protection. After cooling, the prepared composite was washed with

• ][24][25]. For Fe3O4/diatomite and MnO2/Fe3O4/diatomite, the peak at 572.6 cm−1 is assigned to stretching vibrations of Fe–O–Fe, indicating the loading of Fe3O4 nanoparticles on the composite [26]. The peak at 531.7 cm−1 can be ascribed to the Mn–O vibrations of MnO2 [27]. Figure 3 shows the SEM images

Synthesis of carbon nanowalls from a single-source metal-organic precursor

• André Giese,
• Sebastian Schipporeit,
• Volker Buck and
• Nicolas Wöhrl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1895–1905, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.181

• triangles: data points taken from [34]. Heights of CNWs as a function of process parameters and substrate material. a) SEM image of the curled CNWs and corresponding b) carbon and c) aluminium mappings, as measured by Auger electron spectroscopy. EDX spectrum of CNWs on stainless steel (Fe, Cr). Besides

Synthesis of rare-earth metal and rare-earth metal-fluoride nanoparticles in ionic liquids and propylene carbonate

• Marvin Siebels,
• Lukas Mai,
• Laura Schmolke,
• Kai Schütte,
• Juri Barthel,
• Junpei Yue,
• Jörg Thomas,
• Bernd M. Smarsly,
• Anjana Devi,
• Roland A. Fischer and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1881–1894, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.180

• also abstract fluoride from [BF4]− anions. ILs are not only solvents but can also be reactants, e.g., [BMIm][PF6] in the synthesis of A2SiF6 nanoparticles (A = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) [46], in the synthesis of MFx nanoparticles (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Pr, Eu) from the decomposition of transition-metal amidinates

Increasing the performance of a superconducting spin valve using a Heusler alloy

• Andrey A. Kamashev,
• Aidar A. Validov,
• Joachim Schumann,
• Vladislav Kataev,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Yakov V. Fominov and
• Ilgiz A. Garifullin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1764–1769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.167

• magnitude of the effect is doubled in comparison with the previously studied analogous multilayers with the F2 layer made of the strong ferromagnet Fe. Theoretical analysis shows that a drastic enhancement of the switching effect is due to a smaller exchange field in the heterostructure coming from the

• Heusler film as compared to Fe. This enables to approach an almost ideal theoretical magnitude of the switching in the Heusler-based multilayer with a F2 layer thickness of ca. 1 nm. Keywords: ferromagnet; proximity effect; spin valve; superconductor; Introduction Historically, the first concept to

• in a practical realization of an SSV, i.e., to obtain a difference between larger than the width δTc of the superconducting transition for a given configuration of M1 and M2, was not overcome in these works. One should note that the reported antiferromagnetically coupled [Fe/V]n superlattice [10] in

Cryochemical synthesis of ultrasmall, highly crystalline, nanostructured metal oxides and salts

• Elena A. Trusova and
• Nikolai S. Trutnev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1755–1763, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.166

• , aqueous solutions of Al- and Fe-sulfates were used to obtain highly dispersed Al2O3 and Fe2O3 crystallites by a freeze-drying technique. The formation and growth of chain-like aggregates of crystallites was shown as a process followed the surface diffusion mechanism. It was observed that the orientation

• soft conditions for the formation of Ce-, Fe- and Ni-oxide nanocrystallites, and its special feature is the use of cryogenic processing (liquid N2, −196 °C ) of metal-containing water–organic sols. In addition, we have patented a device for the production of cryochemical crystalline substances from

• using a hydraulic jet injector with a swirler, directing the spray torch into the liquid nitrogen environment (−196 °C), where cryogranulation took place. In the next step, the granules were exposed to freeze-drying and calcination, resulting in the production of metal oxide nanopowders (Ce, Fe or Ni