Design and synthesis of an axially chiral platinum(II) complex and its CPL properties in PMMA matrix

• Daiki Tauchi,
• Sota Ogura,
• Misa Sakura,
• Kazunori Tsubaki and
• Masashi Hasegawa

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 143–150, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.7

• optoelectronic applications. Experimental General information All reagents and solvents were of commercial reagent grade and used without further purification. Dichloromethane for spectroscopy was purchased from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation. All compounds were identified by 1H , 13C NMR and ESI-MS. 1H

Highly electrophilic, gem- and spiro-activated trichloromethylnitrocyclopropanes: synthesis and structure

• Ilia A. Pilipenko,
• Mikhail V. Grigoriev,
• Olga Yu. Ozerova,
• Igor A. Litvinov,
• Darya V. Spiridonova,
• Aleksander V. Vasilyev and
• Sergey V. Makarenko

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 123–130, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.5

• . Visualization was performed under UV light (λ 254 nm). Reagents were obtained from commercial suppliers and used without further purification unless otherwise noted. X-ray crystallography. X-ray diffraction analysis of the structure 2, 3, 9a, and 9b was performed on a Rigaku 'SuperNova, Single source at offset

Synthesis and applications of alkenyl chlorides (vinyl chlorides): a review

• Daniel S. Müller

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 1–63, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.1

• discrepancy to product degradation during purification on neutralized silica gel (1% NEt₃) or neutral alumina. However, this hypothesis was not experimentally verified, as no control experiment involving the passage of a pure, non-volatile alkenyl chloride through the purification media was reported to assess

• compound loss or degradation at the purification step. 1.2 Exchange reactions This chapter deals with exchange reactions, meaning that a given substituent on the alkene is formally exchanged for chlorine. The reactions are very different from each other in terms of mechanism and for a full discussion the

One-pot synthesis of ethylmaltol from maltol

• Immanuel Plangger,
• Marcel Jenny,
• Gregor Plangger and
• Thomas Magauer

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2755–2760, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.212

• ). Purification with flash column chromatography provided analytically pure ethylmaltol (1), which, however, displayed an off-white/yellowish color. A final vacuum distillation yielded purely white ethylmaltol (1) consistent with commercial samples. The ethylmaltol (1) thus produced was analyzed by the Central

Sustainable electrochemical synthesis of aliphatic nitro-NNO-azoxy compounds employing ammonium dinitramide and their in vitro evaluation as potential nitric oxide donors and fungicides

• Alexander S. Budnikov,
• Nikita E. Leonov,
• Michael S. Klenov,
• Andrey A. Kulikov,
• Igor B. Krylov,
• Timofey A. Kudryashev,
• Aleksandr M. Churakov,
• Alexander O. Terent’ev and
• Vladimir A. Tartakovsky

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2739–2754, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.211

• purification. Ammonium dinitramide (ADN) [106], 2-nitro-2-nitrosopropane (1a) [107], 1-nitro-1-nitrosocyclopentane (1b) [108], 1-nitro-1-nitrosocyclohexane (1c) [109], 2-nitro-2-nitroso-1,3-diphenylpropane (1e) [110], 2,2-dimethyl-5-nitro-5-nitroso-1,3-dioxane (1f) [111], methyl 2-nitro-2-nitrosopropanoate (1g

Tandem hydrothiocyanation/cyclization of CF₃-iminopropargyl alcohols with NaSCN in the presence of AcOH

• Ruslan S. Shulgin,
• Ol’ga G. Volostnykh,
• Anton V. Stepanov,
• Igor’ A. Ushakov,
• Alexander V. Vashchenko and
• Olesya A. Shemyakina

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2694–2702, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.207

• available starting materials were used without further purification. CF3/n-C3F7-substituted iminopropargyl alcohols 1 were prepared according to published methods [31][32]. The structures of synthesized products have been proven by 1H, 13C and 2D (1Н,13С HMBC) NMR, 19F NMR techniques, as well as IR spectra

Recent advancements in the synthesis of Veratrum alkaloids

• Morwenna Mögel,
• David Berger and
• Philipp Heretsch

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2657–2693, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.206

• transformation carried out in one flask terminated by a purification [11]. Nevertheless, to point out reaction telescoping (i.e., performing several reactions in one flask by sequentially adding reagents, including solvent-swaps) we opted for a visual representation indicated by black frames around the boxes

Synthesis of new tetra- and pentacyclic, methylenedioxy- and ethylenedioxy-substituted derivatives of the dibenzo[c,f][1,2]thiazepine ring system

• Gábor Berecz,
• András Dancsó,
• Mária Tóthné Lauritz,
• Loránd Kiss,
• Gyula Simig and
• Balázs Volk

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2645–2656, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.205

• numbers: CCDC 2470493 (20e), CCDC 2470491 (21g), CCDC 2470492 (23a), CCDC 2470490 (25), CCDC 2470489 (26), CCDC 2472402 (27). All reagents were purchased from commercial sources and were used without further purification. Reactions were followed by analytical thin-layer chromatography on silica gel 60

Thiazolidinones: novel insights from microwave synthesis, computational studies, and potentially bioactive hybrids

• Luan A. Martinho,
• Victor H. J. G. Praciano,
• Guilherme D. R. Matos,
• Claudia C. Gatto and
• Carlos Kleber Z. Andrade

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2618–2636, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.203

• condensation reactions involving rhodanine derivatives (26 examples). In addition, it requires a lower catalyst loading (10 mol %) and eliminates the need for further purification steps. EDDA has also been employed in reactions for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds such as tetrahydroquinolines [67

Efficient solid-phase synthesis and structural characterization of segetalins A–H, J and K

• Liangyu Liu,
• Wanqiu Lu,
• Quanping Guo and
• Zhaoqing Xu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2612–2617, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.202

• purification, all cyclopeptides were obtained in 45–70% isolated yields. Structural identities were confirmed by HRESIMS, NMR, and HPLC (>95% purity). Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy revealed distinct secondary structures, including β-sheets (1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 10) and α-helical elements (5, 6). This

Silica gel with covalently attached bambusuril macrocycle for dicyanoaurate sorption from water

• Michaela Šusterová and
• Vladimír Šindelář

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2604–2611, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.201

• to SG not only by electrostatic interactions but also covalently, the BU1 synthesis is straightforward lacking difficult and time-consuming purification, and it is obtained in relatively high yield over 60%. Once BU1 was prepared, its covalent attachment on the surface of SG was achieved in two steps

• and used without further purification. Dodecakis(5-carboxypentyl)bambus[6]uril (BU1) was synthesized according to a previously published procedure [13]. Infrared spectra were recorded with an Alpha spectrophotometer (Bruker). Thermogravimetric analyses were done with a Netzsch STA 449C Jupiter and

Total syntheses of highly oxidative Ryania diterpenoids facilitated by innovations in synthetic strategies

• Zhi-Qi Cao,
• Jin-Bao Qiao and
• Yu-Ming Zhao

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2553–2570, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.198

• compound 115 and establishing the correct C6 configuration. This transformation represents the first reported example of a hydroxy-directed Mukaiyama hydration reaction. The C8 carbonyl group was then protected as its 1,3-dithiolane derivative by treatment with 1,2-ethanedithiol. Without purification, the

Rapid access to the core of malayamycin A by intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition

• Yilin Liu,
• Yuchen Yang,
• Chen Yang,
• Sha-Hua Huang,
• Jian Jin and
• Ran Hong

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2542–2547, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.196

• position. Therefore, dihydroxylation [37] readily converted alkene 11 to diol 12 as a mixture of inseparable isomers. Without purification, oxidative cleavage with NaIO4 resulted in a compound with strong UV absorption, which was eventually identified as enone 14 (Scheme 3). It is assumed that the

• NaClO·5H2O, the in situ-generated nitrile N-oxide immediately underwent intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition to deliver the cycloadducts 18 in good yield as a mixture of two inseparable diastereoisomers. This telescoped step was readily performed on a gram scale without interrupted purification of the

Synthesis and characterization of a isothiouronium-calix[4]arene derivative: self-assembly and anticancer activity

• Giuseppe Granata,
• Loredana Ferreri,
• Claudia Giovanna Leotta,
• Giovanni Mario Pitari and
• Grazia Maria Letizia Consoli

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2535–2541, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.195

• purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy) and used without further purification. Human renal adenocarcinoma 786-O cells were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC; Manassas, VA, USA). Cells (passages 2-10) were maintained at 37 °C (5% CO2) in RPMI 1640 medium, containing 10% FBS, 2 mM ʟ

Isoorotamide-based peptide nucleic acid nucleobases with extended linkers aimed at distal base recognition of adenosine in double helical RNA

• Grant D. Walby,
• Brandon R. Tessier,
• Tristan L. Mabee,
• Jennah M. Hoke,
• Hallie M. Bleam,
• Angelina Giglio-Tos,
• Emily E. Harding,
• Vladislavs Baskevics,
• Martins Katkevics,
• Eriks Rozners and
• James A. MacKay

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2513–2523, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.193

• Synthesis and biophysical assays With Db1–Db3 monomers prepared, new nucleobases were incorporated into PNA oligonucleotides (PNA1–PNA3) via solid phase peptide synthesis using Fmoc chemistry on an Expedite 8909 DNA/RNA/PNA synthesizer and following established protocols [40]. Following purification by

Effect of a photoswitchable rotaxane on membrane permeabilization across lipid compositions

• Udyogi N. K. Conthagamage,
• Lilia Lopez,
• Zuliah A. Abdulsalam and
• Víctor García-López

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2498–2512, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.192

• egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (EYPC), Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), and cholesterol, all obtained from Avanti Lipids. All buffer solutions were prepared using Milli-Q Water from a Barnstead™ Water Purification System. Molecular biology grade dimethyl sulfoxide was used for stock solutions of

Ex-situ generation of gaseous nitriles in two-chamber glassware for facile haloacetimidate synthesis

• Nikolai B. Akselvoll,
• Jonas T. Larsen and
• Christian M. Pedersen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2465–2469, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.188

• is not easily done as the system is now under pressure. The chamber was then opened to release excess gas (on small scale) and the product in chamber B can be obtained by concentration and purification. The use of other bases than DBU, was also investigated. Similar to the synthesis of

• , as described by Schmidt [24]. The acetylated glucosyl trifluoroacetimidate 4 was synthesized in 66% yield (Figure 2). The slightly higher isolated yield is reflecting the higher stability of the product and hence an easier purification. The two-chamber method clearly works for the generation of

• were obtained when using purification by “dry column vacuum chromatography” [28], which allowed separation of anomers. In the seminal paper by Schmidt [29] dichloroacetimidates were also synthesized. They were described as too unreactive to be viable alternatives to the trichloro analogs. The synthesis

Transformation of the cyclohexane ring to the cyclopentane fragment of biologically active compounds

• Natalya Akhmetdinova,
• Ilgiz Biktagirov and
• Liliya Kh. Faizullina

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2416–2446, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.185

• 90% yield to (+)-stephadiamine (71). The authors noted that the identification of the structure of (+)-stephadiamine (71) was carried out without purification of the reaction mixture due to its instability on a silica gel column under acidic or basic conditions. Zhang et al. [47] proposed an

The high potential of methyl laurate as a recyclable competitor to conventional toxic solvents in [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions

• Ayhan Yıldırım and
• Mustafa Göker

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2389–2415, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.184

• purification techniques [62][63][64]. Synthesis of pyrrolo-isoxazolidines utilizing nitrosoarenes via the multicomponent strategy is indeed feasible [65][66]. In a similar manner, Chakraborty obtained diastereomer products, primarily in cis configuration, from the cycloaddition reaction of a fluoro or a furyl

• Chemistry, this study did not employ column chromatography for the isolation and purification of the products of interest from the reaction mixture. Otherwise, the yield of the reaction conducted in a castor oil medium would be similar to that of the other reactions. Furthermore, the rapid realization of

• potential environmental or health implications. Experimental All reagents and solvents were purchased from Merck (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO), or Acros Organics (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Geel, Belgium) and used without further purification. Thin-layer chromatography was

Rotaxanes with integrated photoswitches: design principles, functional behavior, and emerging applications

• Jullyane Emi Matsushima,
• Khushbu,
• Zuliah Abdulsalam,
• Udyogi Navodya Kulathilaka Conthagamage and
• Víctor García-López

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2345–2366, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.179

• acridane photoswitch directly into a crown ether macrocycle [82]. However, the synthesis proceeded with very low yield, and the small amount of rotaxane obtained was immediately converted to the acridinium form during purification. Attempts to regenerate the acridane were unsuccessful. Nevertheless, the

Insoluble methylene-bridged glycoluril dimers as sequestrants for dyes

• Suvenika Perera,
• Peter Y. Zavalij and
• Lyle Isaacs

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2302–2314, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.176

• and were used without further purification. H2 was synthesized according to a previously published procedure [39]. NMR spectra were measured on commercial spectrophotometers at 400 MHz for 1H and 100 MHz for 13C in trifluoroacetic acid with a capillary tube containing deuterated water (D2O) for

A chiral LC–MS strategy for stereochemical assignment of natural products sharing a 3-methylpent-4-en-2-ol moiety in their terminal structures

• Rei Suo,
• Raku Irie,
• Hinako Nakayama,
• Yuta Ishimaru,
• Yuya Akama,
• Masato Oikawa and
• Shiro Itoi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2243–2249, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.171

• the volatility of 13, the crude solution obtained after the workup (quenching and phase separation) was directly used in the subsequent reaction without purification. Esterification of (2S,3S)-13 with p-nitrobenzoyl chloride (PNBCl) afforded PNB ester (2S,3S)-8 in 45% yield for two steps

Pd-catalyzed dehydrogenative arylation of arylhydrazines to access non-symmetric azobenzenes, including tetra-ortho derivatives

• Loris Geminiani,
• Kathrin Junge,
• Matthias Beller and
• Jean-François Soulé

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2234–2242, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.170

• avoiding excess reagent, and simplifies purification and scale-up. With the most suitable reaction conditions in hand, the substrate scope was examined. First, the reactivity of different aryl bromides with phenylhydrazine (1a) to form non-symmetric azobenzene was explored (Scheme 1). Most of the

Thiadiazino-indole, thiadiazino-carbazole and benzothiadiazino-carbazole dioxides: synthesis, physicochemical and early ADME characterization of representatives of new tri-, tetra- and pentacyclic ring systems and their intermediates

• Gyöngyvér Pusztai,
• László Poszávácz,
• Anna Vincze,
• András Marton,
• Ahmed Qasim Abdulhussein,
• Judit Halász,
• András Dancsó,
• Gyula Simig,
• György Tibor Balogh and
• Balázs Volk

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2220–2233, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.169

• KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), adjusting the pH with HCl. Water for buffer and eluent preparation were provided by a Millipore Milli-Q water purification system. Kinetic aqueous solubility assay. All compounds were dissolved in DMSO to make stock solutions at 10 mM concentration. In the case of 7i, 7j, and

• to LC–MS). Pure (E)-7h was obtained by purification using flash chromatography (hexane–EtOAc). Yield: 45 mg (40%), colorless crystals. Mp 138–139 °C (EtOH); 1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.54 (br s, 1H), 7.80 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (m, 2H), 7.57 (m, 2H), 7.54 (m, 3H), 6.71 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 3.47

• ). Pure (Z)-7h was obtained by purification using flash chromatography (hexane–EtOAc). Yield: 17 mg (15%), pale yellow crystals. Mp 145–146 °C (EtOH); 1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.38 (br s, 1H), 7.84 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (m, 1H), 7.59 (m, 2H), 7.55 (m, 3H), 6.81 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.77 (t, J = 5.2

A m-quaterphenyl probe for absolute configurational assignments of primary and secondary amines

• Yuka Takeuchi,
• Mutsumi Kobayashi,
• Yuuka Gotoh,
• Mari Ikeda,
• Yoichi Habata,
• Tomohiko Shirai and
• Shunsuke Kuwahara

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2211–2219, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.168

• used without further purification. Melting points were obtained with a Mel-Temp capillary apparatus and were not corrected. IR spectra were obtained as KBr disks on a JASCO FT/IR-410 spectrophotometer. The FAB mass spectra were recorded using a JEOL 600H mass spectrometer. 1H and 13C{1H} NMR spectra