Deep-blue emitting 9,10-bis(perfluorobenzyl)anthracene

• Long K. San,
• Sebastian Balser,
• Brian J. Reeves,
• Tyler T. Clikeman,
• Yu-Sheng Chen,
• Steven H. Strauss and
• Olga V. Boltalina

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 515–525, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.39

• ANTH derivatives with fluorinated substituents (the highest is Φf = 0.97 for 9,10-ANTH(C8F17)2) [25]. Several comparative photostability studies for unsubstituted ANTH and ANTH derivatives using UV–vis spectroscopy have been reported, in which the authors studied, if photostability enhancements were

• (C8F17)2 [36]. These results make it clear that monitoring photoirradiated solutions by UV–vis spectroscopy must be accompanied by complementary analyses to enable accurate interpretation of the changes in the UV–vis spectra and identification of the photoproducts. The next comparative photostability

Unprecedented visible light-initiated topochemical [2 + 2] cycloaddition in a functionalized bimane dye

• Metodej Dvoracek,
• Brendan Twamley,
• Mathias O. Senge and
• Mikhail A. Filatov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 500–509, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.37

• using UV–vis spectroscopy, where the concentration was adjusted such that the absorbance is 2.164 at the λmax. The solution was added into a quartz fluorescence cuvette, and irradiated for 15 minutes at a time using the same 405 nm LEDs in a turntable chamber. Structures of a) the unfunctionalized

Quantifying the ability of the CF₂H group as a hydrogen bond donor

• Matthew E. Paolella,
• Daniel S. Honeycutt,
• Bradley M. Lipka,
• Jacob M. Goldberg and
• Fang Wang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 189–199, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.11

• established methods, including 1H NMR-based hydrogen bond acidity determination, UV–vis spectroscopy titration with Reichardt's dye, and 1H NMR titration using tri-n-butylphosphine oxide as a hydrogen bond acceptor. Our experiments reveal that the direct attachment of the CF2H group to cationic aromatic

• as the charge of the solute changes, complicating the Δδ-based direct assessment of HB acidity. To quantify the HB donation ability of both neutral and cationic species on a single scale, we chose an alternative strategy based on an established UV–vis spectroscopy titration method [52] with

• species, the counteranion is BF4−. The reference HB donors are in the dashed line box. Hydrogen bond donation ability determined by UV–vis spectroscopy titration. A) Formation of HB complexes of Reichardt's dye and HB donors. B) Kd values of Reichardt's dye–hydrogen bond donor complexes. For all cationic

Emerging trends in the optimization of organic synthesis through high-throughput tools and machine learning

• Pablo Quijano Velasco,
• Kedar Hippalgaonkar and
• Balamurugan Ramalingam

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 10–38, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.3

• reflectance probe was employed for real-time monitoring of hydrolysis by in-line UV–vis spectroscopy. The raw data was processed using a sophisticated neural network algorithm, yielding rapid quantification with an impressive processing time of 1.4 ms per spectrum. This streamlined approach ensured efficient

Synthesis and reactivity of the di(9-anthryl)methyl radical

• Tomohiko Nishiuchi,
• Kazuma Takahashi,
• Yuta Makihara and
• Takashi Kubo

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2254–2260, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.193

• O–O bond cleavage to give compounds 1 and 5 (Scheme 2). Owing to the high reactivity of the DAntM radical, cyclic voltammogram (CV) was measured by using the stable DAntM cation, prepared from compound 3 oxidized by antimony(V) chloride, which can be characterized by 1H, 13C NMR, and UV–vis

• spectroscopy under ambient conditions. The CV of DAntM species showed a reversible wave at E1/2 = −0.20 V (V vs Fc/Fc+) (Figure 5a) [39]. This redox potential is close to that of TAntM radical and cation [17]. Additionally, at a scan rate of 0.1 V s−1, the current peak intensity on the anodic side (from

A fiber-optic spectroscopic setup for isomerization quantum yield determination

• Anouk Volker,
• Jorn D. Steen and
• Stefano Crespi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1684–1692, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.150

• actinometry, thus demonstrating the reliability of our setup. Keywords: isomerization; molecular photoswitches; photochemistry; photon flux; UV–vis spectroscopy; Introduction Photoswitches are molecules that can undergo a light-driven structural rearrangement to populate a metastable state of the initial

Supramolecular assemblies of amphiphilic donor–acceptor Stenhouse adducts as macroscopic soft scaffolds

• Ka-Lung Hung,
• Leong-Hung Cheung,
• Yikun Ren,
• Ming-Hin Chau,
• Yan-Yi Lam,
• Takashi Kajitani and
• Franco King-Chi Leung

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1590–1603, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.142

• heating. Flash column chromatography was performed using Macherey-Nagel silica gel 60 (230–400 mesh). Deuterated solvents were purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories. UV–vis spectroscopy UV–vis measurements were performed on an Agilent Cary 60 UV–vis spectrophotometer with a quartz cuvette of 1 cm

Synthesis of indano[60]fullerene thioketone and its application in organic solar cells

• Yong-Chang Zhai,
• Shimon Oiwa,
• Shinobu Aoyagi,
• Shohei Ohno,
• Tsubasa Mikie,
• Jun-Zhuo Wang,
• Hirofumi Amada,
• Koki Yamanaka,
• Kazuhira Miwa,
• Naoyuki Imai,
• Takeshi Igarashi,
• Itaru Osaka and
• Yutaka Matsuo

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1270–1277, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.109

• around 1000 cm−1 for t-Bu-FIDS. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy of t-Bu-FIDS in o-DCB exhibited two prominent UV absorption bands with peaks at 257 nm and 320 nm (Figure 1b). The absorption at 257 nm indicated the integrity of the fullerene cage chromophore. The absorption peak at 320 nm was

Introduction of peripheral nitrogen atoms to cyclo-meta-phenylenes

• Koki Ikemoto and
• Hiroyuki Isobe

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1207–1212, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.103

• achieved with one-pot Suzuki–Miyaura coupling to arrange phenylene rings and pyridinylene rings in an alternating fashion. Analyses with UV–vis spectroscopy showed changes in the photophysical properties with nitrogen doping, and X-ray crystallographic analyses experimentally revealed the presence of

• biased charges on the peripheral nitrogen atoms. Keywords: cross coupling; macrocycles; nitrogen doping; UV–vis spectroscopy; X-ray charge density analysis; Introduction Graphitic carbonaceous sheets of graphene continue to attract considerable attention, which lead us to explore structural defects

• nitrogen-doped [n]CMPs (3) containing outward-radiating nitrogen dopants. The properties and structures were investigated with UV–vis spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography, which revealed the fundamental properties of the nitrogen dopants in the macrocyclic structures. Results and Discussion Nitrogen

Kinetically stabilized 1,3-diarylisobenzofurans and the possibility of preparing large, persistent isoacenofurans with unusually small HOMO–LUMO gaps

• Qian Liu and
• Glen P. Miller

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1099–1110, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.97

• conditions by utilizing a 7000-fold excess of dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) at room temperature. The reactions were monitored by UV–vis spectroscopy. Compound 2 undergoes rapid reaction with DMAD under these conditions and is more than 90% consumed after 2.5 hours (Figure 8, top). Conversely

Facile approach to N,O,S-heteropentacycles via condensation of sterically crowded 3H-phenoxazin-3-one with ortho-substituted anilines

• Eugeny Ivakhnenko,
• Vasily Malay,
• Pavel Knyazev,
• Nikita Merezhko,
• Nadezhda Makarova,
• Oleg Demidov,
• Gennady Borodkin,
• Andrey Starikov and
• Vladimir Minkin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 336–345, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.34

• 15N NMR spectroscopy (NMR spectra of compounds 4a–h, 5a–c, 6a,b, and 10c are given in Figures S13–S43, Supporting Information File 1), mass spectrometry (Figures S44–S56, Supporting Information File 1), IR and UV–vis spectroscopy, as well as elemental analysis. The NMR spectra were recorded on the

Synthesis of π-conjugated polycyclic compounds by late-stage extrusion of chalcogen fragments

• Aissam Okba,
• Pablo Simón Marqués,
• Kyohei Matsuo,
• Naoki Aratani,
• Hiroko Yamada,
• Gwénaël Rapenne and
• Claire Kammerer

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 287–305, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.30

• using a high-pressure mercury lamp equipped with a sharp cut filter (λ > 380 nm), which resulted in a smooth conversion into the PBI product 6a within 20 min. Interestingly, the sulfoxide derivative exhibited enhanced kinetics, as confirmed by UV–vis spectroscopy and NMR experiments. The latter was also

Unveiling the regioselectivity of rhodium(I)-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition reactions for open-cage C₇₀ production

• Cristina Castanyer,
• Anna Pla-Quintana,
• Anna Roglans,
• Albert Artigas and
• Miquel Solà

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 272–279, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.28

• we analyzed by UV–vis spectroscopy. This peak was assigned as a bis(fulleroid) compound by comparing the spectra with the UV–vis absorption pattern exhibited by previously characterized C70 bis(fulleroids) reported by Murata et al. [43][48]. In addition, a minor peak at a retention time of 20 minutes

Using the phospha-Michael reaction for making phosphonium phenolate zwitterions

• Matthias R. Steiner,
• Max Schmallegger,
• Larissa Donner,
• Johann A. Hlina,
• Christoph Marschner,
• Judith Baumgartner and
• Christian Slugovc

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 41–51, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.6

• between P1 and C15 is slightly longer (1.824(2) Å in 2a; 1.828(3) in 2f) when compared to the P–CH2 distance of a tetra-n-butylphosphonium cation [45]. UV–vis spectroscopy All phosphonium phenolate compounds exhibit a bright yellow color in solution (see inset in Figure 3). Investigating the absorption

• study was performed by monitoring the appearance of the zwitterion absorption by means of UV–vis spectroscopy in chloroform or in methanol as the solvent. The concentration of the respective Michael acceptor was varied ([Michael acceptor] = 2.5 mmol/L to 10 mmol/L) and was at least ten-fold higher than

Tying a knot between crown ethers and porphyrins

• Maksym Matviyishyn and
• Bartosz Szyszko

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1630–1650, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.120

• the aryl group at the meso-position of the dipyrrin moiety. Compound 40 was tested for sensing metal ions, and while no significant changes were observed with most cations, the addition of Cu(II) resulted in a colour change. UV–vis spectroscopy and mass spectrometry confirmed the 1:1 copper(II

Photoredox catalysis harvesting multiple photon or electrochemical energies

• Mattia Lepori,
• Simon Schmid and
• Joshua P. Barham

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1055–1145, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.81

A fluorescent probe for detection of Hg²⁺ ions constructed by tetramethyl cucurbit[6]uril and 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene

• Xiaoqian Chen,
• Naqin Yang,
• Yue Ma,
• Xinan Yang and
• Peihua Ma

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 864–872, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.63

• detection of heavy metal ions. Results and Discussion The interactions of G with TMeQ[6] UV–vis spectroscopy analysis The binding interaction between G and TMeQ[6] in aqueous solution was studied using UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. Figure 2a shows that the absorbance of G decreases with the addition of

• , which is an exothermic reaction (enthalpy-driven). The results show that the binding ability of G and TMeQ[6] is strong, and the ratio is 1:1. The results are consistent with those obtained by UV–vis spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis The crystal

Synthesis, structure, and properties of switchable cross-conjugated 1,4-diaryl-1,3-butadiynes based on 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene

• Semyon V. Tsybulin,
• Ekaterina A. Filatova,
• Alexander F. Pozharskii,
• Valery A. Ozeryanskii and
• Anna V. Gulevskaya

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 674–686, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.49

• -conjugation of 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene (DMAN) fragments through a butadiyne linker and a donor–acceptor aryl–C≡C–DMAN conjugation path. The conjugation path can be “switched” simply by protonation of DMAN fragments. X-ray diffraction, UV–vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry are applied to analyze

• us to undertake the current study. X-ray crystallography, UV–vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry were applied to analyze the extent of π-electron conjugation and the efficiency of the particular donor–acceptor conjugation path in chromophores 5. Results and Discussion Synthesis The target

• UV–vis spectroscopy data. Butadiynes 5 having electron-withdrawing CN and NO2 substituents in the aryl moieties demonstrated the longest wavelength absorption maxima in the series. The optical band gaps (Egopt), estimated from the onset point of the absorption spectra of 5, ranged within 2.39 eV (for

CuAAC-inspired synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole-bridged porphyrin conjugates: an overview

• Dileep Kumar Singh

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 349–379, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.29

• )-catalyzed click reaction between 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3,5-dipropargyloxyphenyl)-Zn-porphyrin 173 and the azide 124 in the presence of CuSO4 and sodium ascorbate in THF/H2O (Scheme 38). UV–vis spectroscopy showed that the porphyrin 174 was readily soluble in water, and no porphyrin–porphyrin stacking

Preparation of β-cyclodextrin-based dimers with selectively methylated rims and their use for solubilization of tetracene

• Konstantin Lebedinskiy,
• Volodymyr Lobaz and
• Jindřich Jindřich

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1596–1606, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.170

• or TOF. The drying and nebulizer gas was nitrogen. High-resolution mass spectra were measured with an Agilent Technologies 6530 Accurate-Mass Q-TOF LC/MS spectrometer. Samples were ionized by electrospray technique (ESI) and detected by quadrupole or TOF. UV–vis spectroscopy spectra were measured

Synthesis of α-(perfluoroalkylsulfonyl)propiophenones: a new set of reagents for the light-mediated perfluoroalkylation of aromatics

• Durbis J. Castillo-Pazos,
• Juan D. Lasso and
• Chao-Jun Li

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 788–795, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.79

• this work, especially Robin Stein and Tara Sprules on the NMR data, Hatem Titi on SCXRD interpretation, Nadim Saadé and Alexander Wahba on HRMS, and Petr Fiurasek and Ehsan Hamzehpoor on UV–vis spectroscopy. Funding The authors acknowledge the Canada Research Chair (Tier I) foundation, the E.B. Eddy

Study on the interactions between melamine-cored Schiff bases with cucurbit[n]urils of different sizes and its application in detecting silver ions

• Jun-Xian Gou,
• Yang Luo,
• Xi-Nan Yang,
• Wei Zhang,
• Ji-Hong Lu,
• Zhu Tao and
• Xin Xiao

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2950–2958, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.204

• hydrogen of TMeQ[6] on its outer surface. In addition, when using UV–vis spectroscopy (Figure S5 and Supporting Information File 1, Figure S6) to investigate their interaction, it’s found that the presence of TMeQ[6] does not affect the absorbance of TBT, indicating that TMeQ[6] prefers to interact with

Host–guest interaction and properties of cucurbit[8]uril with chloramphenicol

• Lin Zhang,
• Jun Zheng,
• Guangyan Luo,
• Xiaoyue Li,
• Yunqian Zhang,
• Zhu Tao and
• Qianjun Zhang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2832–2839, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.194

• ] and CPE was investigated using UV–vis spectroscopy utilizing the molar ratio and Job's method under neutral conditions (Figure 3). Figure 3A shows that CPE has a strong absorption peak at λ = 278 nm and the absorption intensity gradually decreases after the continuous addition of Q[8]. When n(Q[8])/n

Photoinduced post-modification of graphitic carbon nitride-embedded hydrogels: synthesis of 'hydrophobic hydrogels' and pore substructuring

• Cansu Esen and
• Baris Kumru

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1323–1334, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.92

• , and at last the intensified peak at 1419 cm−1 indicates a C–N stretching of the thiazole ring. Proceeding the examination by UV–vis spectroscopy, overlaid absorption spectra of the samples revealed the photophysical differences as expected, since HG does not consist of photoactive g-CN particles in

• profiles of RhB swollen hydrogels. HG, HGCM, and HGCM-vTA have been immersed in RhB solution for 24 hours, then washed with distilled water every 24 hours, and all collected samples were investigated by UV–vis spectroscopy until reaching the minimum dye absorbance (Figure 3c,d, Supporting Information File

• , respectively, and left overnight. Released contents of each cation were analyzed via ICP-OES. Characterization: Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were acquired on a Nicolet iS 5 FT-IR spectrometer. Solid-state ultraviolet−visible (UV−vis) spectroscopy for grinded samples was performed via a Cary 500

Synthetic reactions driven by electron-donor–acceptor (EDA) complexes

• Zhonglie Yang,
• Yutong Liu,
• Kun Cao,
• Xiaobin Zhang,
• Hezhong Jiang and
• Jiahong Li

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 771–799, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.67

• between radicals was carried out, affording thioether derivative 132 (Scheme 46). It has been proved by UV–vis spectroscopy and TDDFT calculations that the EDA complex was formed between an electron-rich mercaptan anion and electron-deficient aryl halides. Most importantly, this approach can be

• haloalkanes, the highest yield was given. Since a marked yellow color appeared immediately upon mixing substrates, the existence of an EDA complex could be confirmed by UV–vis spectroscopy. Conclusion In this review, reactions and mechanisms of EDA complexes were discussed from the aspects of cyclization