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Search for "catalytic reaction" in Full Text gives 90 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry.

Pd-Catalyzed asymmetric allylic amination with isatin using a P,olefin-type chiral ligand with C–N bond axial chirality

  • Natsume Akimoto,
  • Kaho Takaya,
  • Yoshio Kasashima,
  • Kohei Watanabe,
  • Yasushi Yoshida and
  • Takashi Mino

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1018–1023, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.83

Graphical Abstract
  • only approximately 1.3 days, also has a chiral induction ability. However, improvement is required in terms of the reactivity of the catalytic reaction. Subsequently, we investigated the effect of the base using (aR)-(−)-6 by testing various bases. The reaction in the presence of Na2CO3 delivered the
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Published 23 May 2025

Recent advances in controllable/divergent synthesis

  • Jilei Cao,
  • Leiyang Bai and
  • Xuefeng Jiang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 890–914, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.73

Graphical Abstract
  • cycloaddition reactions with substituted furans as diene component to produce the corresponding epoxy-cycloaddition adducts. The authors developed an Ir/Sc tandem catalytic reaction to convert these adducts into polysubstituted 3-haloisoquinolines 99 in one pot. After obtaining isoquinoline compounds 99 with
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Published 07 May 2025

Recent advances in electrochemical copper catalysis for modern organic synthesis

  • Yemin Kim and
  • Won Jun Jang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 155–178, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.9

Graphical Abstract
  • , Huang, and Mei et al. explored Cu-catalyzed electrochemical C(sp2)–H bromination of 8-aminoquinoline amide at the C5 site of quinoline using NH4Br as a brominating reagent under anoxic oxidation conditions (Figure 13) [64]. This catalytic reaction has a broad substrate scope, and further investigation
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Published 16 Jan 2025

Nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling of 2-fluorobenzofurans with arylboronic acids via aromatic C–F bond activation

  • Takeshi Fujita,
  • Haruna Yabuki,
  • Ryutaro Morioka,
  • Kohei Fuchibe and
  • Junji Ichikawa

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 146–154, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.8

Graphical Abstract
  • detected [40]. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analysis of the reaction mixture also supported the formation of Eb (calcd, 804.4474; found, 804.4449). Additionally, 79% of 1b remained, while the catalytic reaction between 1b and 2a was completed in 13 h, yielding 3ba in 96% (Scheme 2). These
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Published 15 Jan 2025

Advances in the use of metal-free tetrapyrrolic macrocycles as catalysts

  • Mandeep K. Chahal

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 3085–3112, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.257

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  • , along with electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding interactions. This behavior not only allowed for the selective activation and deactivation of organocatalytic activity but also facilitated efficient catalyst recovery at the end of the catalytic reaction. Notably, control experiments supported the
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Published 27 Nov 2024

Computational design for enantioselective CO2 capture: asymmetric frustrated Lewis pairs in epoxide transformations

  • Maxime Ferrer,
  • Iñigo Iribarren,
  • Tim Renningholtz,
  • Ibon Alkorta and
  • Cristina Trujillo

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2668–2681, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.224

Graphical Abstract
  • catalytic reaction (δE) is considered. King et al. [48] introduced the concept of the energy span of a simulated catalytic cycle by defining it as the difference between the highest and lowest free energy stationary points [49][50]. More precisely, the energy span can be defined using Equation 6, where Ti
  • is the energy of the rate-limiting TS, Ij the energy of the most populated intermediate, and δGi,j a correction that accounts for the cyclic nature of the catalytic cycle [26]: The energy span is a crucial parameter as it directly correlates with the turnover frequency (TOF) of the catalytic reaction
  • the energies of the catalytic reaction is, thus, obtained by taking the mean value of R2 of the six correlations. The pair with the largest mean R2, is considered as the optimal pair of stationary points; it is then used to predict the energy span, resulting in a 2D contour plot (Figure 1B). The x
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Published 22 Oct 2024

Efficient modification of peroxydisulfate oxidation reactions of nitrogen-containing heterocycles 6-methyluracil and pyridine

  • Alfiya R. Gimadieva,
  • Yuliya Z. Khazimullina,
  • Aigiza A. Gilimkhanova and
  • Akhat G. Mustafin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2599–2607, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.219

Graphical Abstract
  • ][19][20]. The catalytic activity of metallophthalocyanines originates from their planar, cyclic structure with a developed π-conjugation system. This makes the fifth and sixth coordination sites of the central metal ion available for coordination with the reactant molecules of the catalytic reaction
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Published 16 Oct 2024

Efficacy of radical reactions of isocyanides with heteroatom radicals in organic synthesis

  • Akiya Ogawa and
  • Yuki Yamamoto

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2114–2128, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.182

Graphical Abstract
  • photoirradiation conditions (Scheme 3b). Thus, it was shown that the photoirradiated dithiolation of aliphatic isocyanides with (PhS)2 proceeded as a catalytic reaction of (PhSe)2 (30 mol %). In the dithiolation products 4 from aliphatic isocyanides, two PhS-groups were observed non-equivalently, suggesting the
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Published 26 Aug 2024

Mechanisms for radical reactions initiating from N-hydroxyphthalimide esters

  • Carlos R. Azpilcueta-Nicolas and
  • Jean-Philip Lumb

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 346–378, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.35

Graphical Abstract
  • tetrachlorophthalimide (TCPhth) active esters towards C(sp3)–N cross-couplings with nitrogen heterocycles (Scheme 27). The catalytic reaction was proposed to begin by oxidative addition of RAE 104 to catalyst Bi-1, forming an in cage radical pair consisting of BiII species 130 and α-amino radical 107 (Scheme 27B
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Published 21 Feb 2024

A novel recyclable organocatalyst for the gram-scale enantioselective synthesis of (S)-baclofen

  • Gyula Dargó,
  • Dóra Erdélyi,
  • Balázs Molnár,
  • Péter Kisszékelyi,
  • Zsófia Garádi and
  • József Kupai

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1811–1824, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.133

Graphical Abstract
  • carry out the catalytic reaction homogeneously. The solubility of the lipophilic catalyst 2 was investigated in ten solvents with low polarity, including a new, bio-based polar aprotic solvent, MeSesamol [33]. The catalyst’s precipitation – which is necessary for its recycling – was tested by adding a
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Published 24 Nov 2023

Radical ligand transfer: a general strategy for radical functionalization

  • David T. Nemoto Jr,
  • Kang-Jie Bian,
  • Shih-Chieh Kao and
  • Julian G. West

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1225–1233, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.90

Graphical Abstract
  • functionalization via the canonical organometallic steps of oxidative addition/reductive elimination was ruled out via catalytic reaction of the macrocyclic Groves-type porphyrin catalyst V, a species that is unable to accommodate the mutual cis-orientation of ligands for metal-centered reductive elimination. The
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Published 15 Aug 2023

One-pot synthesis of 2-arylated and 2-alkylated benzoxazoles and benzimidazoles based on triphenylbismuth dichloride-promoted desulfurization of thioamides

  • Arisu Koyanagi,
  • Yuki Murata,
  • Shiori Hayakawa,
  • Mio Matsumura and
  • Shuji Yasuike

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1479–1487, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.155

Graphical Abstract
  • thioamide. Further investigations to expand the cyclodesulfurization reaction to other substrates and the development of a catalytic reaction using bismuth reagent are in progress, and the results will be reported in due course. Experimental General procedure for the synthesis of 2-arylazoles A mixture of
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Published 18 Oct 2022

Tri(n-butyl)phosphine-promoted domino reaction for the efficient construction of spiro[cyclohexane-1,3'-indolines] and spiro[indoline-3,2'-furan-3',3''-indolines]

  • Hui Zheng,
  • Ying Han,
  • Jing Sun and
  • Chao-Guo Yan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 669–679, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.68

Graphical Abstract
  • ''-indoline] 8a as the major product. The loading of tri(n-butyl)phosphine played an important role for the formation of the products. When 2.0 equiv of P(n-Bu)3 were used, the reaction gave the spiro compound 8a in 71% yield. Thus, this reaction is not a simple catalytic reaction and tri(n-butyl)phosphine
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Published 14 Jun 2022

Heteroleptic metallosupramolecular aggregates/complexation for supramolecular catalysis

  • Prodip Howlader and
  • Michael Schmittel

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 597–630, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.62

Graphical Abstract
  • reactivity and selectivity because the cage provides a second coordination sphere around the catalyst thus controlling the catalytic reaction. This idea has been impressively demonstrated by Reek [69], Ballester [70], and Raymond [71], where a single gold-based catalytic unit is encapsulated inside a
  • trans-styrylboronic acid (43, Figure 10). The catalytic reaction inside the chiral cavity of (S)-40 provided a yield up to 91% with a very high enantioselectivity (94% ee). In contrast, the larger chiral macrocycle (S)-41 afforded a slightly lower catalytic activity (87%), however, at a similar
  • functionality. For instance, a particular catalytic reaction can be efficiently carried out by choosing a specific functionality. The functional entity responsible for catalysis can either be incorporated with the building blocks, or the catalyst itself may be encapsulated into the cavity. Unfortunately, the
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Published 27 May 2022

Bioinspired tetraamino-bisthiourea chiral macrocycles in catalyzing decarboxylative Mannich reactions

  • Hao Guo,
  • Yu-Fei Ao,
  • De-Xian Wang and
  • Qi-Qiang Wang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 486–496, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.51

Graphical Abstract
  • and activation ability. Catalytic reaction optimization The synthesized macrocycles were then applied as catalysts in the decarboxylative addition of malonic acid half thioesters (MAHTs) to isatin-derived ketimines [48]. The reaction between ketimine 6a and MAHT 7a was initially performed in THF at
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Published 02 May 2022

Tetraphenylethylene-embedded pillar[5]arene-based orthogonal self-assembly for efficient photocatalysis in water

  • Zhihang Bai,
  • Krishnasamy Velmurugan,
  • Xueqi Tian,
  • Minzan Zuo,
  • Kaiya Wang and
  • Xiao-Yu Hu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 429–437, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.45

Graphical Abstract
  • photochemical catalytic reaction in aqueous medium. In addition, our group [30] reported the construction of a supramolecular photocatalytic system with a two-step FRET process through the supramolecular assembly of water-soluble pillar[5]arene and TPE derivatives as donor and EsY and Nile Red (NiR) as
  • FRET process, whilst the m-TPEWP5G-EsY nanorod assembly could act as a nanoreactor providing a suitable environment for the photochemical catalytic reaction in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation. In the presence of 0.5 mol % m-TPEWP5G-EY in aqueous solution, 2-bromo-1-phenylethanone (1a
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Published 13 Apr 2022

Diametric calix[6]arene-based phosphine gold(I) cavitands

  • Gabriele Giovanardi,
  • Andrea Secchi,
  • Arturo Arduini and
  • Gianpiero Cera

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 190–196, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.21

Graphical Abstract
  • that the catalytically active gold(I) nuclei are too far to be influenced by the cavity or by the macrocycle itself. Finally, the catalytic reaction was attempted using C’(AuCl). We thus observed a selectivity towards product 2a (1.5:1) which might be caused by the different orientation of the
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Published 10 Feb 2022

Enantioselective PCCP Brønsted acid-catalyzed aminalization of aldehydes

  • Martin Kamlar,
  • Robert Reiberger,
  • Martin Nigríni,
  • Ivana Císařová and
  • Jan Veselý

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2433–2440, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.160

Graphical Abstract
  • example, when benzaldehydes substituted with fluorine or chlorine in the para-position were employed in catalytic reaction with anthranilamide (1a), the corresponding derivatives 3i,j were isolated in 58 and 69% yield, respectively. The rates of enantioselectivity for both reactions were lower and
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Published 16 Sep 2021

Base-free enantioselective SN2 alkylation of 2-oxindoles via bifunctional phase-transfer catalysis

  • Mili Litvajova,
  • Emiliano Sorrentino,
  • Brendan Twamley and
  • Stephen J. Connon

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2287–2294, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.146

Graphical Abstract
  • catalytic reaction exhibited poor enantioselectivity and none of the catalysts employed were able to promote the reaction with product ee higher than 22% (Scheme 1C – for more details see Supporting Information File 1). Over the last decade, Maruoka and co-workers discovered that phase-transfer-catalysed
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Published 02 Sep 2021

Photoredox catalysis in nickel-catalyzed C–H functionalization

  • Lusina Mantry,
  • Rajaram Maayuri,
  • Vikash Kumar and
  • Parthasarathy Gandeepan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2209–2259, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.143

Graphical Abstract
  • efficient HAT photocatalyst to perform the desired C–H abstraction (Scheme 10) [62]. The catalytic reaction required near-ultraviolet light irradiation (Kessil 34 W 390 nm LEDs) and the exclusion of both oxygen and water to the success of the reaction. A variety of cyclic, acyclic, and bicyclic aliphatic
  • arylated with moderate to good yields. When both primary and secondary C(sp3)‒H bonds are present in the substrate, regioselectivity favors the secondary position. The catalytic reaction conditions were compatible with the C(sp3)‒H arylation of tetrahydrothiophene (28a) as well [68]. The enantioselective C
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Published 31 Aug 2021

Insight into functionalized-macrocycles-guided supramolecular photocatalysis

  • Minzan Zuo,
  • Krishnasamy Velmurugan,
  • Kaiya Wang,
  • Xueqi Tian and
  • Xiao-Yu Hu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 139–155, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.15

Graphical Abstract
  • role of the photochemical macrocyclic-host-assisted catalytic reaction of different guests as well as hybrid materials in energy transfer were summarized. Moreover, the mechanisms of these supramolecular systems during the photochemical reactions were also highlighted. Due to the inherent limiting
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Published 18 Jan 2021

Selective and reversible 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of 6-aryl-1,5-diazabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes with 1,3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-ones under microwave irradiation

  • Alexander P. Molchanov,
  • Mariia M. Efremova,
  • Mariya A. Kryukova and
  • Mikhail A. Kuznetsov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2679–2686, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.218

Graphical Abstract
  • earlier that the electronic properties of the substituted aryl group of diaziridines and chalcones showed a profound influence on the yields of a catalytic reaction (scandium triflate with a chiral ligand); when a phenyl or p-chloro/methylphenyl-substituted diaziridine was employed, the cycloaddition
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Published 30 Oct 2020

Regioselective cobalt(II)-catalyzed [2 + 3] cycloaddition reaction of fluoroalkylated alkynes with 2-formylphenylboronic acids: easy access to 2-fluoroalkylated indenols

  • Tatsuya Kumon,
  • Miroku Shimada,
  • Jianyan Wu,
  • Shigeyuki Yamada and
  • Tsutomu Konno

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2193–2200, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.184

Graphical Abstract
  • corresponding trimer of the fluoroalkylated alkyne, as reported by our group [27]. Finally, only 2-iodoaryl ketones (R3 = Me, Cy, Ph) were applicable in this catalytic reaction, whereas the cycloaddition using 2-iodobenzaldehyde (R3 = H) did not work at all. Therefore, the development of practical protocols for
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Published 04 Sep 2020

Stereoselective Biginelli-like reaction catalyzed by a chiral phosphoric acid bearing two hydroxy groups

  • Xiaoyun Hu,
  • Jianxin Guo,
  • Cui Wang,
  • Rui Zhang and
  • Victor Borovkov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1875–1880, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.155

Graphical Abstract
  • asymmetric Biginelli reaction of unsubstituted and electron-rich aromatic aldehydes [17]. To further expand the application of this type of chiral phosphoric acids, the asymmetric Biginelli-like catalytic reaction was examined. Firstly, coupling of benzaldehyde (4a), cyclohexanone, and N-benzylthiourea was
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Published 31 Jul 2020

Synthesis, docking study and biological evaluation of ᴅ-fructofuranosyl and ᴅ-tagatofuranosyl sulfones as potential inhibitors of the mycobacterial galactan synthesis targeting the galactofuranosyltransferase GlfT2

  • Marek Baráth,
  • Jana Jakubčinová,
  • Zuzana Konyariková,
  • Stanislav Kozmon,
  • Katarína Mikušová and
  • Maroš Bella

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1853–1862, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.152

Graphical Abstract
  • silico based design of possible GlfT2 inhibitors that mimic the TS structure. The galactofuranosyltransferase GlfT2 is a bisubstrate enzyme with a single catalytic domain and its catalytic reaction transition state shares some structural similarities with the previously modeled N
  • development of the drugs against tuberculosis. Despite that the studied structures do not contain the galacto configuration on the furanose ring, the studied compounds mimic the TS structure of the GlfT2 catalytic reaction. The TS structure mimetics are stable compounds designed to mimic the unstable TS
  • proposed structures nicely follow the probable TS structure of the GlfT2 catalytic reaction as is shown in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2. The available GlfT2 X-ray structure contains only the UDP part of the native UDP-Galf donor substrate (PDB ID: 4FIY). The structure of the UDP-Galf was docked
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Published 27 Jul 2020
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