Ion-induced surface reactions and deposition from Pt(CO)₂Cl₂ and Pt(CO)₂Br₂

• Mohammed K. Abdel-Rahman,
• Patrick M. Eckhert,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Johnathon M. Johnson,
• Jo-Chi Yu,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• D. Howard Fairbrother

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1427–1439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.115

• largely avoided by using noble gas ions like He+ [32][35] or Ar+ [21], which are commonly used in helium ion microscopes and focused ion beam milling instruments. In FIBID, ion-induced interactions can initiate a complex mixture of different processes including ion-induced deposition, secondary electron

• ][53][54]. An ideal precursor candidate would have sufficient volatility and stability for the transport of intact gas phase precursor molecules during the process. The ligands should readily and cleanly be liberated from the precursor upon irradiation to provide a metallic deposit in the path of the

• steps are invariant to the ion identity for Pt(CO)Cl2 and Pt(CO)2Br2 with the role of the incident ion identity being restricted to a kinetic effect. The previous sections have described changes to the composition of PtX2(CO)2 films exposed to various inert gas ions and the rationale for these

Lithium niobate on insulator: an emerging nanophotonic crystal for optimized light control

• Midhun Murali,
• Amit Banerjee and
• Tanmoy Basu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1415–1426, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.114

• in a laser emitting light with a precise, pure wavelength and high stability [48]. Yu et al. demonstrated a tunable InGaAs quantum well DBR laser which provides a larger tuning range, single-longitudinal-mode operation, and narrow spectral linewidth, finding it suitable for multiple gas-sensing

Various CVD-grown ZnO nanostructures for nanodevices and interdisciplinary applications

• The-Long Phan,
• Le Viet Cuong,
• Vu Dinh Lam and
• Ngoc Toan Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1390–1399, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.112

• DMSs, these nanostructures will be beneficial to the development of new ZnO-based materials for photocatalytic [25], biomedical [26], gas sensing [27][28], and flexible electronic/optoelectronic applications [29][30]. They are usually fabricated by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) or solid-vapour phase

• mixture of powdered ZnO and C that are placed in the centre of the tube furnace. They are heated to high temperatures to create Zn vapours, which will be transported by a carrier gas and deposited onto substrates arranged at the downstream/upstream end with a suitable temperature range to form

• centre of a horizontal quartz tube furnace, see [37] for more detail. The furnace tube was also connected with a gas line and a rotary vacuum pump oil. Before the growth, air was sucked out of the tube by backfilling it with argon (Ar) gas, and then pumped out until the base pressure went to ≈2 × 10−3

Mn-doped ZnO nanopowders prepared by sol–gel and microwave-assisted sol–gel methods and their photocatalytic properties

• Cristina Maria Vlăduț,
• Crina Anastasescu,
• Silviu Preda,
• Oana Catalina Mocioiu,
• Simona Petrescu,
• Jeanina Pandele-Cusu,
• Dana Culita,
• Veronica Bratan,
• Ioan Balint and
• Maria Zaharescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.104

• . AM1.5 light provided by a solar simulator (Peccell-L01) equipped with a xenon short-arc lamp (150 W) was used for the photocatalytic tests. Ar (carrier gas, 10 cm3/min) together with oxygen (1 cm3/min) was bubbled into the oxalic acid solution. The gaseous products of interest, H2 and CO2, were

• investigated every 30 min by a gas chromatograph (Buck Scientific) equipped with molecular sieve 5 Å and Haysept columns. The photocatalytic experiments were triplicates, and the represented data are the mean values. Zeta potential measurements were conducted using a Beckman Coulter Delsa Nano C analyzer (Brea

New design of operational MEMS bridges for measurements of properties of FEBID-based nanostructures

• Bartosz Pruchnik,
• Krzysztof Kwoka,
• Ewelina Gacka,
• Dominik Badura,
• Piotr Kunicki,
• Andrzej Sierakowski,
• Paweł Janus,
• Tomasz Piasecki and
• Teodor Gotszalk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1273–1282, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.103

• only for the visual assessment of the shape and dimensions of a structure, but also for the observation of movement and deflection of an opMEMS. At the same time, the ion beam allows for local doping of the substrate and anisotropic milling. The NanoLab 600i also provides three gas injection systems

The role of a tantalum interlayer in enhancing the properties of Fe₃O₄ thin films

• Hai Dang Ngo,
• Vo Doan Thanh Truong,
• Van Qui Le,
• Hoai Phuong Pham and
• Thi Kim Hang Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1253–1259, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.101

• process [14][15]. The impact of substrate temperature, annealing temperature, gas flow rate, and thickness on enhancing the characteristics of Fe3O4 thin films has been examined [15][16][17][18]. The substrates play a crucial role in directing the growth and enhancing the quality of the crystal, resulting

• ) substrates were prepared by immersing them in a methanol bath at a temperature of 60 °C and drying them in N2 gas flow. Subsequently, the purified substrates were moved into an ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) chamber and underwent a pre-heating process at 600 °C for 30 min in order to eliminate any remaining

• impurities. The SiO2/Si(100) substrates were immersed in acetone and 2-propanol for a duration of 2 min in an ultrasonic bath. Subsequently, they were immersed in a solution of methanol at a temperature of 60 °C and then dried in N2 gas flow. A 5 nm thick layer of tantalum was deposited on a SiO2/Si(100

Photocatalytic methane oxidation over a TiO₂/SiNWs p–n junction catalyst at room temperature

• Qui Thanh Hoai Ta,
• Luan Minh Nguyen,
• Ngoc Hoi Nguyen,
• Phan Khanh Thinh Nguyen and
• Dai Hai Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1132–1141, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.92

• massive guidance in synthesizing an efficient photocatalyst for CH4 conversion under mild conditions. Keywords: photocatalysis; photocatalytic CH4 oxidation; p–n heterojunction; TiO2/SiNWs; Introduction Methane (CH4), which can take the form of liquefied natural gas, is one of the crucial sources of

• result of the oxidative cross-coupling of methane and ethane (Figure 5a). The conversion reaction of CH4 can be described as follows: To evaluate the reaction ratio-dependent photocatalytic OCM efficiency, we varied the gas pressure ratios between CH4 and air. As shown in Figure 5b, more CO2 was

• experiments. Photocatalytic tests The as-synthesized catalyst was placed in a custom-made batch reactor with a small transparent quartz window, which was directly connected to a gas chromatograph (GC) with thermal conductivity and flame ionization detectors. A 300 W Xenon lamp was utilized as a light source

Direct electron beam writing of silver using a β-diketonate precursor: first insights

• Katja Höflich,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Chinmai S. Jureddy,
• Aleksei Tsarapkin and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1117–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.90

• without the need for a resist or development step. Here, we employ for the first time a silver β-diketonate precursor for focused electron beam-induced deposition (FEBID). The used compound (hfac)AgPMe3 operates at an evaporation temperature of 70–80 °C and is compatible with commercially available gas

• (Strem Chemicals, CAS 148630-66-4), with a stoichiometry of Ag/P/F/O/C = 1:1:6:2:8 was evaporated using a fully integrated custom-built gas injection system (GIS) consisting of chemically inert steel [28]. No injection needles were used. The components of the GIS that were in direct contact with the

• compatibility of the tested precursor with field-emission microscopes and commercial gas injection systems, further deposition experiments were performed using a dual-beam instrument Zeiss Crossbeam 340 KMAT equipped with a commercial integrated GIS from Kleindiek based on the MM3A-EM micromanipulator platform

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• , while TEM and SEM yield images of separated particles [61]. Surface area: The reactivity of nanoparticles and their ability to interact with ligands highly depend on their surface area. This property of the nanoparticles can be detected directly by adsorbing an inert gas under various pressures to form

• a monolayer of gas coverage. The surface area of nanomaterials can also be determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectroscopy [64][65]. Zeta potential: The zeta potential of nanoparticles can be calculated from the electrophoretic mobility of particles in a particular

Interface properties of nanostructured carbon-coated biological implants: an overview

• Mattia Bartoli,
• Francesca Cardano,
• Erik Piatti,
• Stefania Lettieri,
• Andrea Fin and
• Alberto Tagliaferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1041–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.85

• reactions are those involving the decomposition of precursor in the gas phase forming products that condense on a target. In contrast, heterogeneous reactions are those involving the decomposition of the precursors on the solid surface of a catalyst that also acts as a support. As reported by Porro et al

Bolometric IR photoresponse based on a 3D micro-nano integrated CNT architecture

• Yasameen Al-Mafrachi,
• Sandeep Yadav,
• Sascha Preu,
• Jörg J. Schneider and
• Oktay Yilmazoglu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1030–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.84

• optimizing device parameters such as resistance, optical absorption characteristics, and heat conductivity. The M-shape was used to have a homogeneous gas flow parallel to the CNT walls during CNT growth to achieve repeatably aligned walls. Prior to CNT growth, the Fe catalyst layer self-assembled into Fe

• nanoparticles at ≈750 °C. Finally, the samples were synthesized by water-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at 800 °C, similar to the CVD process presented in [13][14], to achieve a crystalline graphitic nature of the carbon nanotubes. Argon was used as the carrier gas and ethylene as the carbon source. A

Atomistic insights into the morphological dynamics of gold and platinum nanoparticles: MD simulations in vacuum and aqueous media

• Evangelos Voyiatzis,
• Eugenia Valsami-Jones and
• Antreas Afantitis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 995–1009, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.81

• category of engineered NPs is comprised of metal and metal oxide NPs, which rank among the highest in production volume. They have already found widespread applications in technological advancements such as photovoltaics, catalysis, gas sensors, fuel cells, and adsorbents [7][8]. This prevalence is

Facile synthesis of Fe-based metal–organic frameworks from Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles and their application for CO₂/N₂ separation

• Van Nhieu Le,
• Hoai Duc Tran,
• Minh Tien Nguyen,
• Hai Bang Truong,
• Toan Minh Pham and
• Jinsoo Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 897–908, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.74

• manufacturing cost, environmental friendliness, and biodegradability. Because of the abovementioned advantages, MIL-100(Fe) has gained popularity as a candidate for gas separation of CO/CO2 [9][13], CO/N2 [14][15], CO2/CH4 [16], CH4/C2H6/C3H8 [17], and SF6/N2 [18]. In the early stage, MIL-100(Fe) was produced

• (XPS). Subsequently, the gas separation performance of the as-prepared MIL-100(Fe) samples was assessed by studies regarding CO2 and N2 adsorption isotherms at various temperatures with pressures up to 1 bar. Experimental Materials Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3, 96%) and benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid

• . Estimation of CO2/N2 selectivity via ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) The IAST is widely recognized as a predictive means to evaluate the adsorption selectivity of an adsorbent towards a gas mixture without experimental data for the gas mixture. Herein, a binary mixture of CO2 and N2 containing 10 vol

Water-assisted purification during electron beam-induced deposition of platinum and gold

• Cristiano Glessi,
• Fabian A. Polman and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 884–896, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.73

• focused electron beam. As a result, a solid deposit is formed, and organic and inorganic volatile fragments are removed by the vacuum pumps of the chamber. In the case of an organometallic precursor gas, in an ideal scenario, only metal is deposited, and all fragments arising from organic and inorganic

• MeCpPtMe3 respectively. Purification of FEBID materials with a reactant gas agent Purification of FEBID products by the use of a reactant gas has been performed either through a one-step procedure, with the co-injection of the FEBID precursor and the reactant gas (purification during deposition), or through

• a two-step procedure, with an initial deposition from the deposition precursor and a successive purification in the presence of a reactant gas (post-deposition purification). Several reactant gases have been tried, either in pure form, such as water [22][23][24][25], oxygen [18][26][27], hydrogen

A review on the structural characterization of nanomaterials for nano-QSAR models

• Salvador Moncho,
• Eva Serrano-Candelas,
• Jesús Vicente de Julián-Ortiz and
• Rafael Gozalbes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 854–866, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.71

• , graphene, and fullerenes. For example, the sum of degrees around the carbon atoms at the surface can be used for all pristine carbon nanoforms [67]. Theoretical calculations of the surface area are more common [68], but it can also be obtained experimentally from gas adsorption data, using the Brunauer

Investigation on drag reduction on rotating blade surfaces with microtextures

• Qinsong Zhu,
• Chen Zhang,
• Fuhang Yu and
• Yan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 833–853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.70

• of lotus leaves [4]. A thin gas film captured by the superhydrophobic structure creates a slip interface between gas and liquid, which effectively improves the drag reduction and antifouling performance of lotus leaves [5]. However, the structures on biological surfaces are rather complex and not

• (Ma) and energy loss coefficient (ξ). The angle of attack can be set by controlling the motor and, thus, turning the disc (Figure 8c). In Figure 8c, the inlet of the test platform is connected with the high-pressure gas source, which is a 100 m3 high-pressure gas tank with a maximum of 25 atm; the air

Synthesis of silver–palladium Janus nanoparticles using co-sputtering of independent sources: experimental and theorical study

• Maria J. Martínez-Carreón,
• Francisco Solís-Pomar,
• Abel Fundora,
• Claudio D. Gutiérrez-Lazos,
• Sergio Mejía-Rosales,
• Hector N. Fernández-Escamilla,
• Jonathan Guerrero-Sánchez,
• Manuel F. Meléndrez and
• Eduardo Pérez-Tijerina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 808–816, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.67

• functionalities in a single particle, making them extremely versatile and valuable in various scientific, technological, and industrial applications. In this work, bimetallic silver–palladium Janus nanoparticles were obtained for the first time using the inert gas condensation technique. In order to achieve this

• particle. A density functional theory structural aims to understand the atomic arrangement at the interface of the Janus particle. Keywords: bimetallic nanoparticles; inert gas condensation; Janus nanoparticles; silver–palladium nanoparticles; Introduction Janus-type nanoparticles are specific structures

• delivery, catalysis, and sensors. The methodologies, developed for the first time in 1999 [1], for the production of bimetallic nanoparticles in the gas phase can be roughly classified as either simultaneous or sequential. In the first category, the materials that will be used to make the nanoparticles are

Electron-induced ligand loss from iron tetracarbonyl methyl acrylate

• Hlib Lyshchuk,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Thomas F. M. Luxford,
• Miloš Ranković,
• Jaroslav Kočišek,
• Juraj Fedor,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• Pamir Nag

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 797–807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.66

• reactions? This is basically impossible to predict a priori since several effects come into play, for example, change in bond dissociation energies, electron density at the metal, and dipole moment. Of the possible experimental approaches to address this question, a crossed-beam gas-phase experiment

• the gas phase has been probed with respect to its dissociative ionization [10] and dissociative electron attachment [11][12]; there is even information available on its electronic excitation, which is the first step towards neutral dissociation [11]. The gas-phase studies have been complemented by

• surface-based investigations, where the electron-induced ligand loss has been probed by XPS [13], ion desorption [14], IR spectroscopy [15], or cluster-beam studies [16][17][18]. The ligand loss has also been probed by ion impact, both in the gas phase [19] and on the surface [13], and, theoretically, by

Electrospun polysuccinimide scaffolds containing different salts as potential wound dressing material

• Veronika Pálos,
• Krisztina S. Nagy,
• Rita Pázmány,
• Krisztina Juriga-Tóth,
• Bálint Budavári,
• Judit Domokos,
• Dóra Szabó,
• Ákos Zsembery and
• Angela Jedlovszky-Hajdu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 781–796, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.65

• fulfill multiple needs: shielding the wound against bacterial infection, facilitating proper gas exchange, providing an environment that promotes healing, and controlling biofluid production [8][9]. Furthermore, it should be nontoxic and hypoallergenic [10]. By using electrospinning, nanofibers can be

• [29][30][31][32]. Based on the special requirements to fulfill as a wound dressing material, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, good gas permeability, and water retention capacity, polysuccinimide (PSI) was used for the preparation of electrostatic fibers. Polysuccinimide is a nontoxic [33

Effect of repeating hydrothermal growth processes and rapid thermal annealing on CuO thin film properties

• Monika Ozga,
• Eunika Zielony,
• Aleksandra Wierzbicka,
• Anna Wolska,
• Marcin Klepka,
• Marek Godlewski,
• Bogdan J. Kowalski and
• Bartłomiej S. Witkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 743–754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.62

• -cleaning [1], anti-corrosion [2], and antibacterial [3] coatings. Like other CuO nanostructures, thin films also show potential for applications in photovoltaic cells [4][5], lithium-ion batteries [6], supercapacitors [7], gas sensors [8], and biosensors [9]. Furthermore, the literature reports their

Simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine at a TiO₂/graphene quantum dot-modified electrode

• Vu Ngoc Hoang,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Le Vu Truong Son,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Vo Thang Nguyen,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Ly Hoang Diem,
• Kieu Chan Ly,
• Ho Sy Thang and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 719–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.60

• liquid chromatography [8], liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry [9], and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry [10]. These approaches require complex handling procedures. Electrochemical techniques have been considered as a robust alternative for URI and HYP sensing because of their simplicity

Elastic modulus of β-Ga₂O₃ nanowires measured by resonance and three-point bending techniques

• Annamarija Trausa,
• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Tauno Tiirats,
• Andreas Kyritsakis,
• Boris Polyakov and
• Edgars Butanovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 704–712, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.58

• chemical stability [4][5]. Ga2O3 is a promising candidate for visible-blind UV-light sensors [3], power devices and optoelectronics [6][7][8][9], gas sensors [10], and memory devices [8]. These applications can be scaled down to the nanoscale, including flexible nanodevices. Ga2O3 nanowires (NWs) could be

• a carrier gas mixture of Ar/H2 5%, maintaining this temperature and flow for 30 min to allow NW growth. Subsequently, the reactor was naturally cooled to room temperature. Ga2O3 NWs, up to 100 μm in length, grew on SiO2/Si substrates downstream in the low-temperature zone maintained around 850–900

• suggests that the NW maintains a consistent horizontal alignment without deviating from a straight path throughout the observed region. Furthermore, to confirm the secure attachment of the NW to the substrate, seven NWs were “welded” to the substrate in SEM by Pt deposition using a gas injection system

Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

• reactions and radical species [43]. Besides the reactions involving metal salts during LRL, gas formation [44][45][46][47] and solvent decomposition [48][49][50][51] have also been reported, highlighting the importance of chemical reactions during the processes, although LSPC is often considered to be a

• example, polyynes or alkanes, or permanent gases forming persistent gas microbubbles. There have been various reviews regarding nanoparticle synthesis (mainly addressing findings reported for aqueous media) [7][54][55][56], fundamental physical processes during LSPC [57][58][59], and the potential use of

• nanoparticle synthesis in water is always accompanied by the production of gases [66][67]. Although gas formation has often been attributed to the vaporization of water, the formation of hydrogen and oxygen also occurs. Additionally, the formation of hydrogen peroxide was observed during LAL [50][51] and LRL

Exfoliation of titanium nitride using a non-thermal plasma process

• Priscila Jussiane Zambiazi,
• Dolores Ribeiro Ricci Lazar,
• Larissa Otubo,
• Rodrigo Fernando Brambilla de Souza,
• Almir Oliveira Neto and
• Cecilia Chaves Guedes-Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 631–637, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.53

• , Brazil 10.3762/bjnano.15.53 Abstract In this study, we present a novel approach for the exfoliation of titanium nitride (TiN) powders utilizing a rapid, facile, and environmentally friendly non-thermal plasma method. This method involves the use of an electric arc and nitrogen as the ambient gas at room

• synthesized utilizing a non-thermal plasma apparatus, as previously developed by de Souza et al. [17]. In this process, similarly as reported in [4], TiN powder with a particle size of approximately 1.0 μm and a purity of 98% (Alfa Aesar) was exposed to a 60 kV electric arc in the presence of a nitrogen gas

AFM-IR investigation of thin PECVD SiO_x films on a polypropylene substrate in the surface-sensitive mode

• Hendrik Müller,
• Hartmut Stadler,
• Teresa de los Arcos,
• Adrian Keller and
• Guido Grundmeier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 603–611, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.51

• films on polypropylene substrates. Polypropylene is widely used as packaging material [11] and in other industrial applications [12][13][14]; however, it is commonly known for its poor gas barrier properties [11][13]. Therefore, silicon oxide coatings are used to improve the gas barrier properties [13

• between 0.2 and 0.5 mbar. As the gas mixture, argon, oxygen, and HMDSO (98.5% purity, Sigma-Aldrich) were used in different ratios. First, the surface was pretreated for five seconds with an oxygen-rich plasma. For this step, the argon-to-oxygen ratio was set to 1:2. For the deposition of silicon oxide

• Si 2p peaks. The O 1s–Si 2p distance is 429.6 eV for the 50 nm film and 429.9 eV for the 5 nm film. This is in good agreement with values found in the literature for the PECVD deposition of SiOx films from HMDSO/O2/Ar gas mixtures [21]. A comparison of the relative intensities of the O 1s and Si 2p