A differential Hall effect measurement method with sub-nanometre resolution for active dopant concentration profiling in ultrathin doped Si_1−xGe_x and Si layers

• Richard Daubriac,
• Emmanuel Scheid,
• Hiba Rizk,
• Richard Monflier,
• Sylvain Joblot,
• Rémi Beneyton,
• Pablo Acosta Alba,
• Sébastien Kerdilès and
• Filadelfo Cristiano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1926–1939, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.184

• the top Si/BOX interfaces in correspondence of the maximum slope of the oxygen signal. The position of the SiO2/Si interfaces determined in this way (1.2 nm and 1.6 nm below the surface for the DSA- and RTA-annealed wafers, respectively) are in perfect agreement with those found by STEM-EDX

• analysis method described in [13] and taking into account the exact location of the SiO2Si interfaces (as described above), we found that about 92% of the arsenic ions retained in the top Si layer are electrically active in the DSA-annealed wafer, with a maximum active concentration of ca. 1.4 × 1020 cm−3

The role of the Ge mole fraction in improving the performance of a nanoscale junctionless tunneling FET: concept and scaling capability

• Hichem Ferhati,
• Fayçal Djeffal and
• Toufik Bentrcia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1856–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.177

• superior control of the channel conductivity through modulating the electric field at the heterojunction interfaces. In this regard, it is of great importance to illustrate the electric field distribution for a better understanding of the physical rules governing the obtained improvements of the

Quantitative comparison of wideband low-latency phase-locked loop circuit designs for high-speed frequency modulation atomic force microscopy

• Kazuki Miyata and
• Takeshi Fukuma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1844–1855, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.176

• imaging of calcite dissolution in water at 0.5 s/frame with true atomic resolution. The high-speed and high-resolution imaging capabilities of the proposed design will enable a wide range of studies to be conducted on various atomic-scale dynamic phenomena at solid–liquid interfaces. Keywords: calcite

• subnanometer-scale imaging of biomolecules [15][16][17]. Moreover, three-dimensional (3D) imaging techniques have been developed based on FM-AFM and used to visualize 3D distributions of hydration structures as well as flexible surface structures at solid–liquid interfaces [18][19][20][21][22]. Although FM-AFM

Tunable fractional Fourier transform implementation of electronic wave functions in atomically thin materials

• Daniela Dragoman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1828–1833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.174

• geometries have been fabricated on flexible substrates for the purpose of acting as brain–computer interfaces [21], while single nanoscale nonplanar electrodes with complex topographies have been obtained using advanced stencil lithography [22]. Because γ > 0, the configuration illustrated in Figure 1a

Direct AFM-based nanoscale mapping and tomography of open-circuit voltages for photovoltaics

• Katherine Atamanuk,
• Justin Luria and
• Bryan D. Huey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1802–1808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.171

• measured properties, for example with work function differences of molecular perovskites observed at specific facets [24] or grain boundary interfaces [2]. Topography commonly couples with conductive or photoconductive AFM contrast as well. Routines to test for such associations are therefore increasingly

• nanometers of crossing a boundary between three-dimensionally adjacent microstructural features. Some grain boundaries as well as sub-granular planar features appear to reveal relatively poor values of VOC*, supporting prior observations that many interfaces in CdTe may serve as conduits for photoelectrons

Increasing the performance of a superconducting spin valve using a Heusler alloy

• Andrey A. Kamashev,
• Aidar A. Validov,
• Joachim Schumann,
• Vladislav Kataev,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Yakov V. Fominov and
• Ilgiz A. Garifullin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1764–1769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.167

• ). Accurate theoretical description of ferromagnets with large exchange splitting requires taking into account different densities of states in different spin subbands and modified boundary conditions at SF interfaces [36][37]. At the same time, the major inconsistency between theory and experiment in our

Nanoscale electrochemical response of lithium-ion cathodes: a combined study using C-AFM and SIMS

• Jonathan Op de Beeck,
• Nouha Labyedh,
• Alfonso Sepúlveda,
• Valentina Spampinato,
• Alexis Franquet,
• Thierry Conard,
• Philippe M. Vereecken,
• Wilfried Vandervorst and
• Umberto Celano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1623–1628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.154

• processes in the thin films, at their interfaces and the combined electronic–ionic transport. It goes without saying that in sub-micrometer films thickness, the nanoionic properties of the system become more dominant and, similarly, the interfaces between layers represent a higher (compared to bulk) volume

• fraction in the final cell. This represents a criticality for virtually all battery technologies. However, as we focus on ASB technology the solid–solid interaction creates new challenges due to the different nature of the established interfaces. Uncontrolled side reactions and phase decomposition between

• of a potential ion-modulated C-AFM measurement. This can be particularly useful for fundamental studies on the role of materials, grain boundaries and interfaces that provide a low bias induced response. It is important to consider the formation of a thin local oxidized interface at the tip–sample

Correlative electrochemical strain and scanning electron microscopy for local characterization of the solid state electrolyte Li_1.3Al_0.3Ti_1.7(PO₄)₃

• Nino Schön,
• Deniz Cihan Gunduz,
• Shicheng Yu,
• Hermann Tempel,
• Roland Schierholz and
• Florian Hausen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1564–1572, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.148

• surface features as observed by SEM, providing evidence that both methods can be applied complementary. The same pores as those observed via SEM can be found in the AFM topography image and the topography reveals some preferential etching at the grain boundaries and interfaces. Differentiation between the

Sheet-on-belt branched TiO₂(B)/rGO powders with enhanced photocatalytic activity

• Huan Xing,
• Wei Wen and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1550–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.146

• photogenerated charge carriers, and in turn, an improved photocatalytic activity [39]. In the current investigation, both trunks and branches are TiO2(B); however, one can still anticipate phase junctions among the interfaces. This is because the trunks and branches were synthesized by different techniques and

Photoluminescence of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots in nematic liquid crystals in electric fields

• Margarita A. Kurochkina,
• Elena A. Konshina and
• Daria Khmelevskaia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1544–1549, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.145

• electric field vector and the position of the LC molecules and QDs do not change. When a dc electric field is applied to the LC cell, the charge carriers separate, forming double electrical layers near the interfaces. We assume that the photoexitation and quenching of the luminescence of the QDs occurs

Cr(VI) remediation from aqueous environment through modified-TiO₂-mediated photocatalytic reduction

• Rashmi Acharya,
• Brundabana Naik and
• Kulamani Parida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1448–1470, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.137

• on TiO2 nanoparticles to form TiO2/Cu2O nanocomposites, a p–n nano-heterojunction having a built-in electric field at the interfaces. This built-in electric field largely prevented the recombination of photoexcited charge carriers, resulting in increased lifetime of photocarriers, induced higher

Andreev spectrum and supercurrents in nanowire-based SNS junctions containing Majorana bound states

• Jorge Cayao,
• Annica M. Black-Schaffer,
• Elsa Prada and
• Ramón Aguado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1339–1357, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.127

• significant fabrication improvements and high-quality semiconductor–superconductor interfaces [13][14][15][16] with an overall improvement on tunnelling data that strongly supports the observation of MBS [17][18][19][20][21]. Given this experimental state-of-the-art [22], new geometries and signatures beyond

• in the junction. While this prediction has spurred a great deal of theoretical activity [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32], experiments are still scarce [33], arguably due to the lack of good junctions until recently. The situation is now different and, since achieving high-quality interfaces is no

• Hamiltonians of the superconducting and normal regions, respectively, and are the ones that couple Si to the normal region N. The elements of these coupling matrices are non-zero only for adjacent sites that lie at the interfaces of the S regions and of the N region, while zero everywhere else. This coupling

Formation mechanisms of boron oxide films fabricated by large-area electron beam-induced deposition of trimethyl borate

• Aiden A. Martin and
• Philip J. Depond

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1282–1287, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.120

• smaller than the difference between the diffusion mediated growth interfaces at 195 and 271 °C. With electron flux dependence excluded as the mechanism for changes in stoichiometry, the mechanisms of EBID using TMB precursor are ascribed to electron-induced dissociation of physisorbed precursor molecules

Heterostuctures of 4-(chloromethyl)phenyltrichlorosilane and 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-pyridyl)-21H,23H-porphine prepared on Si(111) using particle lithography: Nanoscale characterization of the main steps of nanopatterning

• Phillip C. Chambers and
• Jayne C. Garno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1211–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.112

• ], catalysis [10] and electronic measurements [11][12][13]. Investigations of porphyrins at interfaces have focused on elucidation of magnetic, photonic and electronic properties as well as the manner in which the molecules assemble on a surface. The adsorption of free-base tetraphenylporphyrin on Cu(111) was

• interfaces has been studied using layer-by-layer assembly that incorporates organosilane or organothiol monolayers to functionalize a surface to form multilayer films [2][3]. Dip-pen nanolithography was applied to pattern porphyrazines onto a polycrystalline gold surface to align horizontally or vertically

Circular dichroism of chiral Majorana states

• Javier Osca and
• Llorenç Serra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1194–1199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.110

• 2D interfaces between the quantum-anomalous Hall and the superconductor materials [18][19][20][21][22]. Each chiral Majorana state contributes 0.5e2/h to the linear conductance of the device, such that by tuning the number of Majorana states the conductance takes values 0.5e2/h and 1e2/h for the

A simple extension of the commonly used fitting equation for oscillatory structural forces in case of silica nanoparticle suspensions

• Sebastian Schön and
• Regine von Klitzing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1095–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.101

• Sebastian Schon Regine von Klitzing Stranski-Laboratorium, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany Soft Matter at Interfaces, Department of Physics, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 10, 64287 Darmstadt

Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations

• Jaison Jeevanandam,
• Ahmed Barhoum,
• Yen S. Chan,
• Alain Dufresne and
• Michael K. Danquah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1050–1074, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.98

• nanostructures that can cause diseases in humans. Bone nanostructures The inimitable combination of natural bone with precise and carefully engineered interfaces and mechanical properties is due to their nanoscale to macroscopic architectural design and dimensions. The interaction of micro/nanoscale components

Cyclodextrin inhibits zinc corrosion by destabilizing point defect formation in the oxide layer

• Abdulrahman Altin,
• Maciej Krzywiecki,
• Adnan Sarfraz,
• Cigdem Toparli,
• Claudius Laska,
• Philipp Kerger,
• Aleksandar Zeradjanin,
• Karl J. J. Mayrhofer,
• Michael Rohwerder and
• Andreas Erbe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 936–944, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.86

• thin oxide. A band bending of ca. 0.1 eV is usually observed in oxides at interfaces and also in air [39]. During corrosion processes, electrode polarization lifts the band bending to the active corrosion potential [39]. The consequence of the energy level bending makes the ZnO less an n-type

Effect of annealing treatments on CeO₂ grown on TiN and Si substrates by atomic layer deposition

• Silvia Vangelista,
• Rossella Piagge,
• Satu Ek and
• Alessio Lamperti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 890–899, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.83

• view TEM image of CeO2/TiN (Figure 3) confirms ToF-SIMS observations about the interfaces, showing the broadening of the CeO2/TiN interface and the appearance of a thick (ca. 5 nm) interlayer of oxidized TiN or of mixed composition (Ti–N–O). We can further observe that the CeO2 layer on TiN deos not

Perovskite-structured CaTiO₃ coupled with g-C₃N₄ as a heterojunction photocatalyst for organic pollutant degradation

• Ashish Kumar,
• Christian Schuerings,
• Suneel Kumar,
• Ajay Kumar and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 671–685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.62

• in the literature [32][33]. Xian and coworkers have studied the photocatalytic degradation of MO under simulated solar light irradiation in BaTiO3–g-C3N4 composites with an efficient charge separation of photogenerated charge carriers at the interfaces [30]. Leong et al. have successfully made a

• responsible for the separation and migration of photogenerated charges. The appropriate band positions of the semiconductor materials produce space charge accumulation/depletion at the interfaces, which helps in the effective separation of photogenerated charge carriers [59]. In this regard, the valence band

Tuning adhesion forces between functionalized gold colloidal nanoparticles and silicon AFM tips: role of ligands and capillary forces

• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Marta Berholts,
• Rünno Lõhmus and
• Karine Mougin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 660–670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.61

• be formed around the NPs and AFM tip according to Asay [32]. The form a liquid condensate takes around the tip–substrate contact area depends on the spreading coeffiecient of the system. The spreading coefficient between solid–liquid–air interfaces is given by where γS is the interface energy of the

• excitation modes contribute strongly to the energy transfer to the substrate and thus to its physico-chemical and mechanical properties resulting in decrease of adhesion forces during a contact between two interfaces. On the contrary, longer molecules (n > 8) self-assemble in a well-packed system with higher

Mechanistic insights into plasmonic photocatalysts in utilizing visible light

• Kah Hon Leong,
• Azrina Abd Aziz,
• Lan Ching Sim,
• Pichiah Saravanan,
• Min Jang and
• Detlef Bahnemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 628–648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.59

• characteristic features of the noble metal nanomaterials. Moreover, the formation of interfaces between noble metal particles and semiconductor materials further results in the formation of a Schottky junction. Thereby, the plasmonic characteristics have opened up a new direction in promoting an alternative path

Optimal fractal tree-like microchannel networks with slip for laminar-flow-modified Murray’s law

• Dalei Jing,
• Shiyu Song,
• Yunlu Pan and
• Xiaoming Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 482–489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.46

• some solid–liquid interfaces for the optimal design of the fractal tree-like channel network. The present work reinvestigates Murray’s law for laminar flow in a fractal tree-like microchannel network considering slip condition. It is found that the slip increases the complexity of the optimal design of

• debatable, because it has been found that there is another hydrodynamic condition, the slip condition, at some solid–liquid interfaces [19][20][21][22][23]. Figure 1 gives a simplified schematic of the no-slip condition and the slip condition, indicating that a significant difference between the no-slip

• relative velocity between the solid wall and the adjacent liquid, and is the liquid velocity gradient in the direction perpendicular to the solid wall. The reported value of the slip length at various solid–liquid interfaces varies from tens of micrometers down to several nanometers [19][21][22][23]. Thus

High-contrast and reversible scattering switching via hybrid metal-dielectric metasurfaces

• Jonathan Ward,
• Khosro Zangeneh Kamali,
• Lei Xu,
• Guoquan Zhang,
• Andrey E. Miroshnichenko and
• Mohsen Rahmani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 460–467, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.44

• ; Introduction Metasurfaces are thin and flat surfaces that are created using subwavelength optical antennas with various optical properties patterned at interfaces [1][2], enabling control over the polarization, phase, amplitude, and dispersion of light. Metasurfaces are growing in popularity as their optical

The nanofluidic confinement apparatus: studying confinement-dependent nanoparticle behavior and diffusion

• Stefan Fringes,
• Felix Holzner and
• Armin W. Knoll

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 301–310, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.30

• a function of the cover glass position z in air to avoid the effect of the pressure changes mentioned above, see Figure 2a. The signal arises from the interference of light rays reflected by the interfaces of the glass–water–polymer–silicon stack. We have developed an optical model [23] based on the

• interfaces. This fact leads to a varying phase shift of the interference signal pixel by pixel. AFM measurements yield the following root-mean-square (RMS) roughnesses: ≈ 0.4 nm for the cover glass, ≈ 0.3 nm for the polymer surface and ≈ 0.2 nm for the silicon wafer. Since the silicon wafer is relatively