A multicomponent reaction-initiated synthesis of imidazopyridine-fused isoquinolinones

• Ashutosh Nath,
• John Mark Awad and
• Wei Zhang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1161–1169, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.92

• formation of 8a,h,l,m,n and 8r (68–85%), R3 = phenyl resulted in 8b,g and 8q in 78–82% yields, R3 = isopropyl and cyclopentene gave 8c,f,p and 8d in greater than 70% yields, and R3 = 2-morpholinoethyl gave 8e,i and 8s in 60–76% yields. The energy status for the transformation of compound 6a to 8a was

Recent total synthesis of natural products leveraging a strategy of enamide cyclization

• Chun-Yu Mi,
• Jia-Yuan Zhai and
• Xiao-Ming Zhang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 999–1009, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.81

• a fragmentation process for the total synthesis of (−)-phlegmariurine B. A one-pot epoxidation/nucleophilic epoxide opening introduced both a hydroxy group and a chloride across the cyclopentene, producing 14 in 57% yield. After oxidation of alcohol 14 to ketone 15, the Mukaiyama hydration then

Hydrogen-bond activation enables aziridination of unactivated olefins with simple iminoiodinanes

• Phong Thai,
• Lauv Patel,
• Diyasha Manna and
• David C. Powers

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2305–2312, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.197

• with PhINTs (Table 1, entry 12) [42][43]. With metal-free aziridination conditions in hand, we explored the scope and limitations of the HFIP-promoted aziridination of unactivated olefins (Scheme 2). For cyclic substrates, aziridination of cyclopentene, cyclohexene, and cycloheptene afforded the

• the generality of H-bond activation of iminoiodinanes for direct aziridination, albeit with modest efficiency for some substrates. The impact of the iminoiodinane structure on the efficiency of HFIP-promoted direct aziridination was next investigated (Scheme 3). For this purpose, cyclopentene was

• selected as it underwent efficient aziridination with PhINTs. A family of iminoiodinanes 2 was synthesized from PIDA and the corresponding sulfonamide derivative. Reaction of phenylsulfonamide-derived iminoiodinane with cyclopentene afforded N-phenylsulfonylaziridine 6b in 45% yield, while N-(p

Natural resorcylic lactones derived from alternariol

• Joachim Podlech

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2171–2207, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.187

Enhanced reactivity of Li⁺@C₆₀ toward thermal [2 + 2] cycloaddition by encapsulated Li⁺ Lewis acid

• Hiroshi Ueno,
• Yu Yamazaki,
• Hiroshi Okada,
• Fuminori Misaizu,
• Ken Kokubo and
• Hidehiro Sakurai

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 653–660, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.58

• of N,N,N',N'-tetraethylethynediamine and 1-morpholino-1-cyclopentene with empty C60 has been reported [17][23], while electron-rich styrene derivatives 1 and 2 can react with empty C60 only through a photoinduced SET pathway [19][22]. From these results, the energy gap between the HOMO of the alkene

Exploring the role of halogen bonding in iodonium ylides: insights into unexpected reactivity and reaction control

• Carlee A. Montgomery and
• Graham K. Murphy

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1171–1190, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.86

• reductive elimination of iodobenzene to give 11 (Figure 5, left). This was also the pathway subsequently suggested by Gallos et al. [116] for the synthesis of 13/14 from 12. In 2003, Hadjiarapoglou further investigated the intermolecular reaction between 8 and cyclopentene under thermal, metal-free

Enolates ambushed – asymmetric tandem conjugate addition and subsequent enolate trapping with conventional and less traditional electrophiles

• Péter Kisszékelyi and
• Radovan Šebesta

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 593–634, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.44

• . presented their work on the asymmetric desymmetrization of cyclopentene-1,3-diones 5 (Scheme 3) [23]. Following the Cu(OTf)2-catalyzed conjugate addition of R2Zn, the enolate 6 was trapped by several aromatic aldehydes 7. These complex chiral cyclopentane derivatives 8 bearing all-carbon quaternary

Transition-metal-catalyzed domino reactions of strained bicyclic alkenes

• Austin Pounder,
• Eric Neufeld,
• Peter Myler and
• William Tam

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 487–540, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.38

• be shifted to the 1,4-addition producing a cyclopentene product leading to the conclusion that the substitution pattern on the boronate ester played a significant role in the selectivity between 1,6-addition and 1,4-addition. The mechanism proposed by the authors initially begins in the same manner

• vinylcyclopropane products 126 while dienylboronate esters bearing methyl groups at the δ or γ position resulted in cyclopentene products. In 2009, the Lautens lab continued investigating the reactions of bicyclic alkenes 130 with a novel range of heteroaromatic boronate esters 131 (Scheme 23) [69]. This has

Strategies to access the [5-8] bicyclic core encountered in the sesquiterpene, diterpene and sesterterpene series

• Cécile Alleman,
• Charlène Gadais,
• Laurent Legentil and
• François-Hugues Porée

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 245–281, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.23

• cyclopentane ring C formation. In the second strategy (strategy 2, Figure 3), both cyclopentane rings A and C are formed first, and the eight-membered ring B is introduced at a late stage. 1.1.1.1 Strategy 1: Successive introduction of rings B and C starting from cyclopentene via the [5-8] bicyclic structure

Molecular diversity of the base-promoted reaction of phenacylmalononitriles with dialkyl but-2-ynedioates

• Hui Zheng,
• Ying Han,
• Jing Sun and
• Chao-Guo Yan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 991–998, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.99

• multifunctionalized carboxamide-bridged dicyclopentenes in moderate to good yields and with high diastereoselectivity. Keywords: carboxamide; cycloaddition; cyclopentene; electron-deficient alkyne; phenacylmalononitrile; Introduction Phenacylmalononitrile is one of the privileged functionalized compounds [1][2][3

• phenacylmalononitriles and allenoates for the tunable synthesis of multifunctionalized cyclopentene carboxamides and cyclopentenols [33] (reaction 3 in Scheme 1). Recently, Zhang and Ban reported a NaHCO3-promoted reaction of phenacylmalononitriles and N-alkylmaleimides to give the novel cyclopenta[c]pyrrole-4

• hours afforded the expected product 4d in 45% yield. This result clearly showed that the initially formed functionalized cyclopentene 3b could be smoothly transferred to the carboxamide-bridged dicyclopentene 4d, which also strongly supported the above proposed reaction mechanism. Conclusion In summary

On the application of 3d metals for C–H activation toward bioactive compounds: The key step for the synthesis of silver bullets

• Renato L. Carvalho,
• Amanda S. de Miranda,
• Mateus P. Nunes,
• Roberto S. Gomes,
• Guilherme A. M. Jardim and
• Eufrânio N. da Silva Júnior

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1849–1938, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.126

• [158]. The synthesis started with a cyclopentene derivative, obtained after two steps from a diol via tosylation/displacement strategy with Me2CuLi·LiI. Then, after a Lewis acid-promoted cycloaddition, the alkylation of the α-carbon atom followed by regioselective Baeyer–Villiger oxidation provided the

The preparation and properties of 1,1-difluorocyclopropane derivatives

• Kymbat S. Adekenova,
• Peter B. Wyatt and
• Sergazy M. Adekenov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 245–272, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.25

• -difluorocyclopropanes (Scheme 40) [86]. Vinylcyclopropane rearrangements: O’Neal and Benson examined the influence of fluorine substituents on the kinetics of the vinylcyclopropane-to-cyclopentene rearrangement [87]. They noted the effect of an additional strain (approximately 5 kcal/mol per fluorine atom) in raising

• -isomer 91 (>6 kcal/mol), because of the need to attain a cisoid conformation prior to the rearrangement. The thermal vinylcyclopropane rearrangement of ethyl trans-3-(2,2-difluoro-3-phenylcyclopropyl)acrylate (93) proceeded at 100 °C, resulting in the difluorinated cyclopentene 94 with the substituents

• oriented trans to each other (Scheme 43) [89]. The cis-isomer 95 was unable to rearrange directly to a cyclopentene and first isomerized to give 93. Alkenyldifluorocyclopropanes that were derived from 2-siloxybutadienes underwent analogous rearrangements to afford 1-siloxy-5,5-difluorocyclopentenes [90

All-carbon [3 + 2] cycloaddition in natural product synthesis

• Zhuo Wang and
• Junyang Liu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 3015–3031, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.251

• (9) was accomplished from 81 in two steps. Phosphine-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition In 1995, Lu and co-workers reported a phosphine-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition, employing electron-deficient olefins and either 2,3-butadienoates or 2-butynoates to give a cyclopentene as product [17] (Scheme 5A

Photosensitized direct C–H fluorination and trifluoromethylation in organic synthesis

• Shahboz Yakubov and
• Joshua P. Barham

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2151–2192, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.183

Reactions of 3-aryl-1-(trifluoromethyl)prop-2-yn-1-iminium salts with 1,3-dienes and styrenes

• Thomas Schneider,
• Michael Keim,
• Bianca Seitz and
• Gerhard Maas

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2064–2072, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.173

• analogous to 21 could be isolated [56]. A cationic 1,5-cylization converts 21 into cyclopentene 22, from which fulvene 19 is formed by deprotonation and a formal 1,4-shift of the NMe2 group. The details of this rearrangement are not known, an N,N-dimethyldihydropyrrolium intermediate may be involved

Combining enyne metathesis with long-established organic transformations: a powerful strategy for the sustainable synthesis of bioactive molecules

• Valerian Dragutan,
• Ileana Dragutan,
• Albert Demonceau and
• Lionel Delaude

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 738–755, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.68

• of cyclopentene-1,4-diol that was obtained by the enzymatic desymmetrization of the corresponding diacetate, an enyne metathesis precursor was accessed by a Mitsunobu-type coupling reaction with propargylic amide. The ring-rearrangement metathesis (RRM) of this enyne precursor was carried out using

Recent advances in Cu-catalyzed C(sp³)–Si and C(sp³)–B bond formation

• Balaram S. Takale,
• Ruchita R. Thakore,
• Elham Etemadi-Davan and
• Bruce H. Lipshutz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 691–737, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.67

• )boronates 320–322. High functional group tolerance and enantioselectivities are characteristics of this reaction. The stereoselective formation of a 3,3-disubstituted cyclopentene scaffold (e.g., 331), containing three contiguous asymmetric centers, was also developed starting from an achiral cyclic acetal

Photophysics and photochemistry of NIR absorbers derived from cyanines: key to new technologies based on chemistry 4.0

• Bernd Strehmel,
• Christian Schmitz,
• Ceren Kütahya,
• Yulian Pang,
• Anke Drewitz and
• Heinz Mustroph

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 415–444, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.40

• ][33][34]. They exhibit a flexible chain (I–III) or bridged chain (IV, V) where the cyclopentene pattern keeps the system planar while the introduction of the non-planar cyclohexene moiety results in improvement of compatibility of the surrounding matrix [5]. Indolium, benzo[e]indolium, and benzo[c,d

A photochemical determination of luminescence efficiency of upconverting nanoparticles

• Baptiste Amouroux,
• Clément Roux,
• Jean-Claude Micheau,
• Fabienne Gauffre and
• Christophe Coudret

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2671–2677, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.260

• green emission of NaYF4:Yb,Er nanoparticles. Using the recently calibrated actinometer 1,2-bis(2,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-3-thienyl)-3,3,4,4,5,5-hexafluoro-1-cyclopentene operating in the green region of the visible spectra, we propose a simple photochemical experiment to get an accurate estimation of the

• reliability. Recently, an accurate determination of photochemical quantum yields (QY) [26] was achieved for a commercially available diarylethene 1,2-bis(2,4-dimethyl-5-phenylthien-3-yl)-3,3,4,4,5,5-hexafluoro-1-cyclopentene, labelled 1. Since then, this dye has been used as actinometer in the visible range

Photochromic diarylethene ligands featuring 2-(imidazol-2-yl)pyridine coordination site and their iron(II) complexes

• Andrey G. Lvov,
• Max Mörtel,
• Anton V. Yadykov,
• Frank W. Heinemann,
• Valerii Z. Shirinian and
• Marat M. Khusniyarov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2428–2437, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.235

• ligands feature non-aromatic ethene bridges (cyclopentene, cyclopentenone, and cyclohexenone), as well as closely spaced photoactive and metal coordination sites aiming a strong impact of photocyclization on the electronic structure of the coordinated metal ion. The ligands with cyclopentenone and

• their complexes with rhodium(I) [18], platinum(II) [30], and iridium(III) [31] were reported. In contrast, in our work, the 2-(imidazol-2-yl)pyridine unit is used as a heterocyclic moiety of diarylethenes with cyclopentenone, cyclopentene, and cyclohexenone ethene bridges. The novel ligands have been

• tested in the coordination chemistry with iron(II) aiming photoswitchable SCO systems. Results and Discussion Synthesis and structure of photochromic ligands Recently, some of us have developed original methods for the synthesis of various diarylethenes with cyclopentenone, cyclopentene, and

Click chemistry towards thermally reversible photochromic 4,5-bisthiazolyl-1,2,3-triazoles

• Chenxia Zhang,
• Kaori Morinaka,
• Mahmut Kose,
• Takashi Ubukata and
• Yasushi Yokoyama

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2161–2169, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.213

• observation was well-reproduced by TD DFT calculations (Table 1 and chapter SI-4 in Supporting Information File 1). When the absorption maximum wavelength of 1c, whose central ethene moiety is triazole, is compared with those of the closely related 7c (cyclopentene) [37], 8c (hexafluorocyclopentene) [38], 9c

Enantioselective PCCP Brønsted acid-catalyzed aza-Piancatelli rearrangement

• Gabrielle R. Hammersley,
• Meghan F. Nichol,
• Helena C. Steffens,
• Jose M. Delgado,
• Gesine K. Veits and
• Javier Read de Alaniz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1569–1574, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.160

• methodologies to construct this privileged scaffold. The aza-Piancatelli reaction has recently emerged as a particularly attractive method to access densely functionalized cyclopentene cores bearing nitrogen substituents directly from readily available 2-furylcarbinols [13][14][15]. Inspired by Piancatelli’s

Synthesis of polydicyclopentadiene using the Cp₂TiCl₂/Et₂AlCl catalytic system and thin-layer oxidation of the polymer in air

• Zhargolma B. Bazarova,
• Ludmila S. Soroka,
• Alex A. Lyapkov,
• Мekhman S. Yusubov and
• Francis Verpoort

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 733–745, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.69

• cyclopentene double bond, one of the options may be the formation of the D units (Scheme 2) as a result of the transannular rearrangement of the growing carbocation [1]. As it was found, A-type units (up to 70%) dominate in the structure of polymers formed as a result of cationic polymerization. The number of

• region contains a wide signal corresponding to the superposition of resonances of –СН and –СН2 groups of cyclopentene and cyclopentane rings. The region from 5.0 to 6.3 ppm contains several wide signals corresponding to resonances of protons of double bonds of the polymer chain and the cyclopentene ring

Ruthenium-based olefin metathesis catalysts with monodentate unsymmetrical NHC ligands

• Veronica Paradiso,
• Chiara Costabile and
• Fabia Grisi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 3122–3149, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.292

• ) with cyclooctene (COE, 47) and cyclopentene (CPE, 48), respectively (Scheme 6). An NBE/COE ratio of 1:50 was found necessary to realize a copolymer containing 97% of alternating diads ([poly(NBE-alt-COE)n]), while an NBE/CPE ratio of only 1:7 resulted in the formation of a copolymer with roughly 90% of

• diastereoselective ring-rearrangement metathesis (dRRM) of cyclopentene 131 (Scheme 12). The presence of a nitro group at the ortho or para positions of the benzyl substituent (134 and 135 in Figure 24), reported by Malinowska and co-workers [45], led to higher activities in the RCM of 7 and 9 (Schemes 1 and 2

• high selectivity in the dRRM of cyclopentene 131 was also observed (Scheme 12). Self metathesis of 1-octene (96) was conducted in the presence of 136, 137, 139 and 140, in order to selectively obtain tetradec-7-ene (97). The presence of the N-benzyl substituent was crucial to achieve high yield (up to

Degenerative xanthate transfer to olefins under visible-light photocatalysis

• Atsushi Kaga,
• Xiangyang Wu,
• Joel Yi Jie Lim,
• Hirohito Hayashi,
• Yunpeng Lu,
• Edwin K. L. Yeow and
• Shunsuke Chiba

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 3047–3058, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.283

• olefins such as methylenecyclopropane 2j and methylenecyclobutane (2k) are amenable to the current protocol (Table 2, entries 9 and 10), whereas the reaction of methylenecyclopentane (2l) afforded not only the desired xanthate adduct 3al in 60% yield but also the substituted cyclopentene 3al’ in 18% yield