A cascade synthesis of 2-aminothiochromones from 2-fluorophenyl ketone and thiocarbonyldiimidazole

• Kai Zhang,
• Haofan Shao,
• Kangjun Liao,
• Ying Xu,
• Shimei Du,
• Yanfang Zhao,
• Gang Li,
• Wenzhen Xu,
• Haihong Huang and
• Peng Li

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 1151–1159, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.92

• purified by chromatography with a purity of >95% as determined by UPLC analysis conducted on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC H-Class and ACQUITY QDa system, using a reversed-phase C18 column (ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 1.7 μm, 2.1 mm × 100 mm) with a gradient of 5–95% CH3CN in water (0.1% HCOOH) in 10 min at a flow rate

• °C for 1 h. After cooling to ambient temperature, compound 2 (2.00 mmol, 2.0 equiv) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h at room temperature. Upon completion, the mixture was quenched with water (40 mL). The resulting precipitate was isolated by filtration, washed with water (20 mL

Construction of CF₂ moieties in FDA-approved drugs (2016–2025): industrial routes, mechanisms, and scale-up considerations

• Wenyan Yao,
• Huanhuan Zhang,
• Xiaolong Yang and
• Feng Liu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 1122–1150, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.91

• electrophilic nature of alkylidene 28, the reaction also produced 29, an addition product of 28 with ethanol, as well as an addition product of 28 with water. Screening of Lewis acids revealed that the addition of magnesium chloride effectively suppressed the formation of the water adduct, and although the by

• industrial production. Route d is based on a Grignard approach and involves high-pressure reaction conditions (40 atm ethylene). Route a, in contrast, proceeds via a radical-mediated perfluoroalkylation in water under mild conditions but uses (Me3Si)3SiH as a relatively expensive reagent and the reported

Discovery of sugarnitriles A and B, and structural reassignment of SF-2140, from a sugarcane endophytic actinomycete Amycolatopsis sp. JS-O27

• Qiuyun Li,
• Ying Liu,
• Baoyue Wei,
• Yu Sun,
• Di Mao,
• Yanmin Zou and
• Shan Lu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 1114–1121, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.90

• days at 28 °C on a rotary shaker at 160 rpm. The seed culture (1.0 mL) was transferred into a 250 mL flask (total of 80 flasks) containing rice medium (rice medium: 50 g rice and 1 mL of trace element solution in 60 mL of water, pH 7.2) and was cultured under static conditions at 28 °C for 30 days

• . Isolation of compounds 1, 2, and 3 The whole rice culture (4.0 kg) was exhaustively extracted with MeOH to afford a residue (6.2 g) after concentration in vacuo. The residue was then partitioned between water and EtOAc and exhaustively extracted to afford a crude product (2.2 g). The EtOAc extract was

Rhodopyran, a carboxylated hexahydrocyclopenta[b]pyran from Rhodococcus

• Enjuro Harunari,
• Sara Fushimi and
• Yasuhiro Igarashi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 1107–1113, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.89

• , 2.0% glycerol, 0.5% glucose, 1.5% Pharmamedia (Archer-Daniels-Midland Company, TX, USA), 0.3% yeast extract, and 1.0% Diaion HP-20 resin (for improvement of specialized metabolites productivity, Mitsubishi Chemical, Tokyo, Japan) in distilled water. The pH of the medium was adjusted to 7.0 before

Controlled supramolecular assemblies of luminescent tridentate cyclometalated alkynylgold(III) amphiphiles in aqueous media

• Kelvin Sze-Yim Cai,
• Brian Boyan Liu and
• Franco King-Chi Leung

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 1097–1106, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.88

• acetonitrile and water through variation of counterions and its concentration [51]. Yam and co-workers have reported multiresponsive luminescent cationic gold(III) amphiphiles undergoing the self-assembly process in mixed organic solvents [52]. These reports demonstrate remarkable structural sensitivities to

• the vibronic-structured emission band was gradually decreased along with the subtly decreased structureless emission band at 428 nm (Figure 1b), possibly due to emissions from the GA assemblies. Upon increasing the water content in methanol, the UV–vis absorption spectra of GA show a progressive

• -structured emission band at 465–540 nm upon water content increased from 0% to 99% (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S4c and S4d). The obtained results demonstrated a clear redistribution of emission intensity due to aggregation of GA in aqueous media. The rigid molecular packed structures of GA in the

Amino acid-based surfactants: sustainable synthesis and antimicrobial mechanisms

• Rafaela Gomes Bezerra,
• Lourdes Pérez and
• Francisco Fábio Oliveira de Sousa

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 1067–1085, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.85

• ][10]. The tensoactive or surfactant is a compound distinguished by its capacity to modify the interfacial and surface property of a liquid. Their amphiphilic property is marked by a hydrophobic pole with a high affinity for organic solvents and a hydrophilic pole with a high affinity for water [11

• ]. This aspect enables the surfactant monomers to orient themselves at the interface between two immiscible phases, such as oil and water. This positioning facilitates the reduction of surface tension and promotes the micellization process [12]. The formation of micelles starts when the surfactants reach

Synthesis of functionalized, 13-alkyl-substituted coralyne derivatives and investigation of their interactions with duplex and abasic site-containing DNA

• Laurin Beckmann,
• Jason Lennard Kunze,
• Hannah Karola Strunk,
• Maurice Michel and
• Heiko Ihmels

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 1057–1066, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.84

• the coralyne 2e with calf thymus DNA (ct DNA) were examined with photometric and fluorimetric titrations as well as with circular dichroism (CD) and linear dichroism (LD) spectroscopy (Figure 2). The experiments were carried out in aqueous buffer solutions with 10% of DMSO, because of the low water

• ] and thus suggests that the ligand also forms aggregates along the backbone, as has been shown for the parent coralyne [20][56]. It may be considered an inconvenience of coralyne and its derivatives that they usually exhibit a relatively low water solubility, as indicated by the required addition of

• biochemistry-grade chemicals and E-Pure® water (18 MΩ cm). They were filtered through a membrane filter (pore size 0.45 μM; Carl Roth GmbH, Karlsruhe) prior to use and stored at 4 °C. BPE buffer: c(Na2HPO4) = 6.0 mM, c(NaH2PO4) = 2.0 mM, c(Na2EDTA) = 1.0 mM, pH 7.0. TBE buffer (10×): c(tris(hydroxymethyl

One-pot four-component sequential synthesis of S-alkyl dithiocarbamates using lipase as a biocatalyst

• Mansour Shahedi,
• Pargol Tahmasebi pour and
• Zohreh Habibi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 1048–1056, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.83

• remains limited. Notable advances in this area include a 2020 study by Halimehjani et al. who employed a four-component strategy involving β-naphthol, formaldehyde, amines, and carbon disulfide in water as the solvent to synthesize these compounds (Scheme 1a) [25]. Also, in 2013, Azizi et al. demonstrated

Semisynthesis, characterisation, and antibacterial evaluation of a novel lecanoric acid-derived amide library

• Ethan D. Abbott,
• Sasha Hayes,
• Jonathan M. White,
• Bernd H. A. Rehm and
• Rohan A. Davis

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 1023–1032, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.81

• assessment of biofilm viability by resazurin metabolic assay. The experiments were carried out with three technical replicates. Resazurin sodium salt was dissolved in Milli-Q water at 0.2% (w/v) and filter-sterilized. The solution was stored at −20 °C in the dark. The assay was performed as previously

• described. The cultures were withdrawn, and the plates were washed twice with sterile water. To remove the remaining water in the wells, the plates were tapped with autoclaved paper towels. 50 µL of the 0.02% diluted resazurin solution in LB medium was added into each well followed by incubation at 37 °C

Z-Selective semihydrogenation of alkynes via Ni/Lewis acid synergistic catalyzed system using DMF as hydrogen source and solvent

• Lei Kang,
• Haifeng Gao and
• Luo Yang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 1004–1012, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.79

• promise in addressing some of these issues [11][12][13][14][15][16]. Nickel, in particular, has emerged as an attractive candidate for transfer semihydrogenation [17][18][19][20][21][22]. Common hydrogen donors employed in transfer hydrogenation include isopropanol, formic acid, methanol, and water; these

• . Simultaneously, the Lewis acid promotes the hydrolysis of DMF with trace water existing in the solvent system to gradually liberate formic acid (HCOOH) and HNMe2. This in situ formation of HCOOH appears critical; analogous systems relying on DMF/water to generate HCOOH for the reduction of metal catalysts have

Novel macrocycles: from synthesis to supramolecular function

• Veronica Iuliano,
• Carmen Talotta,
• Margherita De Rosa,
• Paolo Della Sala,
• Konrad Tiefenbacher,
• Pablo Ballester and
• Carmine Gaeta

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 982–985, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.76

• decreases overall water solubility, it significantly enhances binding toward quaternary ammonium guests relative to primary ammonium ions. Detailed calorimetric and crystallographic data confirm that modifying the outer ionic environment is an effective tool to balance cation–dipole interactions against

• amphiphilic calixarene scaffold bearing long alkyl chains, the authors obtained a derivative that spontaneously self-assembles into stable nanoscale aggregates in water. Biological studies revealed a potent antiproliferative effect against human renal carcinoma cells, with limited toxicity toward healthy

Electrochemical reduction of unsaturated carbon–carbon bonds via 3d transition-metal catalysis

• Geon Kang,
• Minki Jeon,
• Pooja Kumari Jat,
• Cheoljae Kim and
• Isaac Choi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 955–981, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.75

• through a silane-mediated hydrogen-transfer pathway, thereby circumventing the direct use of water in hydrogen-transfer processes. Notably, the addition of a catalytic amount of a nickel complex was found to improve the reaction efficiency, which is attributed to the electroreductive generation of a Ni(0

Synthesis of sterically shielded piperidine nitroxides via acid-catalyzed heterocyclization of β-aminoketone derivatives with ketones

• Mark M. Gulman,
• Yurii I. Glazachev and
• Sergey A. Dobrynin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 948–954, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.74

• corresponding diethyl and dipropyl ketones following a reported procedure [29]. In a typical experiment, a mixture of aminodioxolane and ketone was heated in benzene in the presence of pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate (PPTS) using a Dean–Stark apparatus to facilitate Schiff base formation. After cessation of water

• , generated by deprotonation of acetylene, propargyl alcohol, or N-Boc-protected propargylamine with ethylmagnesium bromide, whereas nitrone 6b was treated with allylmagnesium bromide. Subsequent quenching of the reaction mixtures with water, followed by oxidation with MnO2, afforded the corresponding

The trans-influence in gold chemistry from a catalytic perspective

• Manfred Bochmann

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 838–856, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.66

• trialkylphosphines, anionic carbon and hydride ligands. N- and O-lone pair donors (pyridine, water) are weak ligands. The following indicative series is typical for Pt(II), although there may be slight variations in the specific ordering depending on the complex type under investigation: CO, CN−, C2H4 > P(alkyl)3

• differences are crucial for reactivity; for example, while the Pt–CO complex could be recrystallised from boiling methanol, the Au–CO complex is extremely sensitive to nucleophilic attack by water or alcohols (e.g., water–gas-shift, vide infra). The high Lewis acidity of a cationic gold(III) centre must not

• chemical reactivity. For example, 8a proved stable to air, water and acetic acid, although stronger acids like trifluoroacetic lead to decomposition due to protolytic cleavage of one of the Au–phenyl bonds [31][32]. The stabilising effect of the N-donor in C^N^C ligands is seen quite generally and leads to

Unsymmetrical sulfoxides with sterically hindered catechol fragment: synthesis, structure, electrochemical properties, and antiradical activity

• Daria A. Burmistrova,
• Vasiliy A. Fokin,
• Oleg P. Demidov,
• Mikhail A. Kiskin,
• Maxim V. Arsenyev,
• Andrey I. Poddel’sky,
• Nadezhda T. Berberova and
• Ivan V. Smolyaninov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 828–837, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.65

• transformations of the sulfur-centered intermediate can lead to the corresponding sulfone via a disproportionation reaction or in the presence of traces of water [49]. In the case of compounds 2a and 5a, which bear a tertiary hydrocarbon substituent at the sulfinyl group (tert-butyl and adamantyl, respectively

Knoevenagel condensation of 4,5- and 1,8-diazafluorenes

• Darya S. Cheshkina,
• Christina S. Becker,
• Alina A. Sonina and
• Maxim S. Kazantsev

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 803–812, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.62

• ). Layers of dimers alternate with layers of ZnCl3(H2O)− anions containing free solvent accessible volume 284 Å3 with removed disordered water molecules (Figure 2g). Figure 2 also shows a schematic representation of the packing difference of the compounds in blue, showing that the dimers in 4,5-DPDAF

• occupied by highly disordered water molecules (as evidenced from residual electron density peaks) that could not be modeled as a set of discrete atomic sites. Synthesis General method (A1) for the condensation in acetic acid In a manner analogous to [5]. A mixture of diazafluorene (30.0 mg, 0.18 mmol

• washed sequentially with water, methanol, hexane, then dried in air. General method (A2) for the condensation in other acidic conditions A mixture of diazafluorene (30.0 mg, 0.18 mmol), ammonium acetate (60.5 mg, 0.79 mmol), and aldehyde (0.20 mmol), glacial acetic acid (0.02 mL, 0.36 mmol), ethanol or

Rongalite addition to dienones: diastereoselectivity in cyclic sulfone synthesis; stereochemical rationalization and prospects as a general conjugate nucleophile

• Melina Goga,
• Hao Zong,
• James Franco,
• Jazmine Prana,
• Rudolph Michel,
• Antonia Muro,
• Elana Rubin,
• Janet Brenya,
• Henk Eshuis and
• Magnus W. P. Bebbington

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 742–752, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.56

• donors [47] or, given the high solubility of Rongalite in water, phase-transfer catalysis [48]. Our earlier results indicate that tolerance of steric effects is greater in reactions with doubly electrophilic substrates that render the second conjugate addition intramolecular, justifying our choice of

Synthesis of heterocycles based on azomethine ylides from α-amino acids (or amines) and carbonyl compounds

• Ekaterina V. Berezhnaya,
• Alexander I. Ponyaev,
• Vitali M. Boitsov and
• Alexander V. Stepakov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 705–741, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.55

• by the formation of N,N-complex I. Water then promotes the desilylation step, leading to metallodipole II, which undergoes cycloaddition with a dipolarophile to form metalated adduct III. Final protonation leads to free pyrrolidine (Scheme 34). In [3], Mendoza and colleagues developed a universal

• fragments of natural molecules such as steroids, peptides or sugars, its solubility in water improves, thereby increasing the possibility of potential biological activity. In 2020, Martín and colleagues investigated fullerene 50 as a dipolarophile in 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with azomethine ylide based on

Anti-invasive and cytotoxic evaluation of a (+)-pinoresinol-based semisynthetic library against glioblastoma

• Chen Zhang,
• Kah Yean Lum,
• Jonathan M. White,
• Paul I. Forster,
• Nicholas Booth,
• Sunita A. Ramesh and
• Rohan A. Davis

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 691–704, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.54

• were placed upside down to dry. Ethanol was removed from the wells, and 700 µL of 0.2% w/v crystal violet solution was added to each well. The dried inserts were placed into this solution for 10 min to stain the cells. After 10 min, the inserts were gently lifted and rinsed in autoclaved water 2−3

• times to remove excess stain. The inside of the inserts was cleaned with cotton-tipped applicators to remove excess water and stain, and the inserts were placed upside down to dry overnight in a biosafety cabinet. Cell imaging and counting A Leica DMi1 microscope camera with a 10× objective was used to

Continuous-flow carbonyl hydrogenation under subatmospheric to atmospheric hydrogen pressure enabled by robust heterogeneous Pt–Fe catalysts

• Hiroyuki Miyamura,
• Ryosuke Kajiyama,
• Shun-ya Onozawa,
• Yoshihiro Kon and
• Shū Kobayashi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 575–582, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.43

• . Finally, the catalytic activity was revived again, and quantitative conversion was observed over 90 h of total running. Water as contaminant in EtOAc or organic compounds strongly adsorbed on the catalyst’s surface may have led to its deactivation; however, they could be removed by simple heating. We

Molecular tweezer–peptide conjugates disrupt the protein–protein interaction between survivin and histone H3 essential in mitosis

• Catherine Gsell,
• Philipp Rebmann,
• Karina Opara,
• Christine Beuck,
• Peter Bayer,
• David Bier,
• Ingrid R. Vetter and
• Thomas Schrader

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 557–567, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.41

• complex. A) Lewis structure of the truncated tweezer peptide monophosphate 2b. B) Close-up of the binding motif formed by 2b (tweezer: green, butynyl ester: red) on the survivin surface encapsulating Lys-121 after MD simulation (Desmond, 100 ns, 300 K, 0.15 mM NaCl) using explicit water solvent. A

Experimental and DFT studies on the regioselective methanolysis of 5-azido-9-oxabicyclo[6.1.0]nonan-4-yl 4-nitrobenzoate isomers

• İlknur Polat,
• Selçuk Eşsiz and
• Emine Salamci

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 547–556, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.40

• accordance with those reported in the literature [22]. (1S*,8S*,Z)-8-Azidocyclooct-4-en-1-ol (7) Cyclooctene monoepoxide 6 (2.00 g, 16.11 mmol) was dissolved in a 3:2 mixture of ethanol/water (80 mL). NaN3 (6.28 g, 96.60 mmol) and NH4Cl (1.72 g, 32.16 mmol) were added and the reaction mixture was refluxed

• . The progress was monitored by TLC and the reaction was completed in 36 hours. The solvent was removed by rotary evaporation, 30 mL water was added to the residue and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (4 × 25 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo

• × 25 mL) and water (2 × 30 mL), dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by chromatography on a silica gel column eluting with EtOAc/hexane 20:80 to give pure azido benzoate 8 (0.90 g, 2.85 mmol, 95%). The azido benzoate 8 was recrystallized from EtOAc/hexane to give

Melifoliox B, a novel phloroglucin derivative isolated from Melicope barbigera (Rutaceae) and synthesis of new oxidation products from melifoliones A and B

• Horst Weber,
• Kim-Thao Tran-Cong,
• Bernhard Mayer,
• Guido J. Reiss,
• Iryna S. Konovalova,
• Marc S. Appelhans,
• Kenneth R. Wood and
• Claus M. Passreiter

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 535–546, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.39

• -trihydroxyacetophenone (3.7 g, 20 mmol), citral (3.2 g, 21 mmol) and pyridine (1.6 g, 20 mmol) was heated with stirring in a water bath at max. 60 °C for 8 h. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was diluted with 200 mL diethyl ether and extracted with 0.1 N H2SO4 (3 × 20 mL) to remove the pyridine

• . Successive extraction with 0.1 N NaOH (5 × 20 mL) afforded a clear alkaline water phase that was acidified with dilute sulfuric acid and extracted with diethyl ether (5 × 20 mL). The organic phase was washed with water, dried over MgSO4, filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure to give 3,1 g (51.2%) of

• tube and heated in a microwave apparatus (CEM, model DISCOVER, power 300 Watt) up to 140 °C for 20 minutes. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was dissolved in 200 mL diethyl ether. This solution was washed with 0.1 N NaOH (3 × 20 mL) and water (1 × 20 mL), dried over MgSO4

Get a better glimpse on sequential photoreactions of trisnorbornadienes with ¹⁹F NMR spectroscopy

• Julian Felix Maria Hebborn,
• Ben Eric Merten,
• Thomas Paululat and
• Heiko Ihmels

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 527–534, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.38

• , and elemental analysis. Norbornadiene 1f is well soluble in alkanes, chlorinated and aromatic solvents, whereas it is hardly soluble in polar protic solvents and MeCN and insoluble in water. The absorption spectra of 1f were recorded in MeCN, cyclohexane, MeOH, ethyl acetate, THF, CH2Cl2, CHCl3, and

Synthesis and uranyl(VI) extraction performance of a calix[4]pyrrole–tetrahydroxamic acid receptor

• Sara Karnib,
• Rana Baydoun,
• Wissam Zaidan,
• Nancy AlHaddad,
• Omar El Samad,
• Bilal Nsouli,
• Francine Cazier-Dennin and
• Pierre-Edouard Danjou

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 486–494, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.36

• Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission, National Council for Scientific Research CNRS –L, P.O. Box: 11-8281, Riad el soleh, 1107 2260, Beirut, Lebanon 10.3762/bjoc.22.36 Abstract The contamination of water by uranium poses a serious threat to ecosystems and human health, creating a need for efficient and

• corresponding hydroxamic acid, with no detectable acid-derived by-products. Solubility tests revealed that PCP HA is soluble exclusively in highly polar aprotic solvents (DMSO, DMF) and remains completely insoluble in other common organic solvents (chloroform, ether, etc.) and water. The absence of ligand

• leaching into water was confirmed by depositing a drop of the aqueous supernatant on a TLC plate, which showed no formation of the characteristic red iron-hydroxamate complex upon treatment with FeCl3. These physicochemical properties precluded standard liquid–liquid extraction but were suitable for a