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Search for "drugs" in Full Text gives 709 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry. Showing first 200.
Synthesis of N-acetyl diazocine derivatives via cross-coupling reaction
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 490–499, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.36
- ). The reverse effect was observed with amino-substituted 21. The photophysical properties of photoswitchable drugs in photopharmacology are usually determined in organic solvents. Their natural environment, however, is the aqueous phase. There is a risk of overestimating the performance of photochromic
- drugs because photoconversion to the active state usually drops considerably in water, and also half-lives are different. Light-activatable drugs based on N-acetyl diazocines are more hydrophilic than those derived from the parent system diazocine and corresponding azobenzenes. They retain their
Synthesis of electrophile-tethered preQ1 analogs for covalent attachment to preQ1 RNA
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 483–489, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.35
- our research program to tailor non-covalent RNA–small molecule ligands to their covalent counterparts. While “covalent drugs” have become a leading principle in medicinal chemistry in the “protein world” [35][36] – approximately 30% of all FDA-approved drugs form a covalent bond with their target
- protein – this concept is underexplored in the field of RNA drugging [37]. Recent studies suggest that the validation of RNA–small molecule interactions [38][39][40], drug efficacy or the identification of off-target effects of approved drugs on the transcriptome [41][42] could greatly benefit from
The effect of neighbouring group participation and possible long range remote group participation in O-glycosylation
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 369–406, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.27
- huge interest in the study of ‘Glycomics’ or ‘Carbohydrate Chemistry.’ These truly elevated the recognition of carbohydrates from being mere building blocks to a frontier research topic towards the development of drugs and pharmaceuticals [12][13], diagnostic tools [14], artificial sweeteners [15
Synthesis, structure, ionochromic and cytotoxic properties of new 2-(indolin-2-yl)-1,3-tropolones
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 358–368, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.26
- possibility of carrying out subsequent stages of research and selecting promising compounds for the further development of anticancer drugs [30]. The study showed that the IC50 inhibitory concentration of 2-(1,1-dimethyl-1H-benzo[e]indolin-2-yl)-5,6,7-trichloro-1,3-tropolone (7a) against the A431 skin cancer
Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and carbonic anhydrase inhibition activities of multifunctional pyrazolo-1,2-benzothiazine acetamides
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 348–357, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.25
- progressing for decades. Reasons behind this issue include over-prescribing of FDA-approved drugs, agricultural use, rapid resistance development, and declining rates of novel antibiotic discovery [1]. In fact, the rate of discovery of new classes of antibiotics is low compared to the development of
- biologically active useful candidates. NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) currently approved like piroxicam [12], meloxicam [13], and other derivatives of these two are well known for their activities [5]. 1,2-Benzothiazines are highly bioactive moieties and have been explored as antibacterial [14
- to inhibit p38α MAPK and 0.5 µM for TNF-α [10]. Pyrazolobenzothiazines containing a triazole moiety have also been studied as potential antibacterial drugs [7]. Other applications of N-substituted benzyl/phenyl acetamide pyrazolobenzothiazines include superoxide anion and DPPH radical scavenging
Antibiofilm and cytotoxic metabolites from the entomopathogenic fungus Samsoniella aurantia
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 327–339, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.23
- Rita Toshe Syeda J. Khalid Blondelle Matio Kemkuignou Esteban Charria-Giron Paul Eckhardt Birthe Sandargo Kunlapat Nuchthien J. Jennifer Luangsa-ard Till Opatz Hedda Schrey Sherif S. Ebada Marc Stadler Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI) and German
Red light excitation: illuminating photocatalysis in a new spectrum
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 296–326, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.22
Visible-light-promoted radical cyclisation of unactivated alkenes in benzimidazoles: synthesis of difluoromethyl- and aryldifluoromethyl-substituted polycyclic imidazoles
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 234–241, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.15
- properties that can modify the activity and pharmacokinetic profiles of drugs [7]. Prominent examples include pantoprazole, a widely used proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) featuring a CF2H group; deracoxib, another drug that also incorporates a CF2H moiety in its structure; and a MET inhibitor specifically
Heteroannulations of cyanoacetamide-based MCR scaffolds utilizing formamide
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 217–225, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.13
- , they are used in a variety of commercially available drugs (Figure 1). Results and Discussion Design and strategy We envisioned applying the Niementowski quinazoline synthesis [25][39][40][41] (Scheme 1A) by employing three different heterocyclic systems as precursors, which have both an orthogonally
- utilized numerous times in medicinal chemistry campaigns as hits, leads and eventually even drugs, such as 2-aminothiophenes, -quinolines and -indoles [42][43][44][45]. Synthetic exploitation The synthesis of the key cyanoacetamide building blocks was our primary objective. In a parallel setup, a variety
- obtained 15 diversely substituted heteroannulated pyrimidones, employing privileged thiophene, quinoline and indole scaffolds in a rapid fashion, without the need of column chromatography, in a parallel setup. Heteroannulated pyrimidones in drug discovery: blockbuster drugs that are based on the privileged
Dioxazolones as electrophilic amide sources in copper-catalyzed and -mediated transformations
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 200–216, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.12
- yields (16a–c). Moreover, alkyl groups were tolerated during the formation of N-acyl iminophosphoranes (16d, 16f). It is noteworthy that dioxazolones derived from bioactive motifs, such as peptides, natural products, and commercially available drugs were also compatible with this transformation
Recent advances in electrochemical copper catalysis for modern organic synthesis
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 155–178, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.9
- products and drugs has proven to be useful in these reactions. As shown in Figure 7, the photocatalyst sodium anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonate (AQDS) is excited by 395 nm light to form AQDS* and undergoes electron transfer with arylalkanes 20 to generate an ion-radical pair (AQDS•−, 20•+). This ion radical
Reactivity of hypervalent iodine(III) reagents bearing a benzylamine with sulfenate salts
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 3281–3289, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.272
- , commonly referred to as sulfa drugs. These include top seller drugs, e.g., antimicrobials, anti-inflammatories, antihypertensives, and antitumor agents [24][25][26]. Particularly, the sulfonamide motif can act as a bioisostere of carboxylic acids, establishing a set of hydrogen bonds similar to those
Direct trifluoroethylation of carbonyl sulfoxonium ylides using hypervalent iodine compounds
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 3182–3190, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.263
- or fluoroalkyl motifs into organic molecules or key frameworks stands out as a crucial and appealing approach in uncovering and crafting innovative drugs, agrochemicals, and functional materials (Figure 1) [1][2][3][4]. Fluorinated functional groups can positively alter the electronic characteristics
Multicomponent reactions driving the discovery and optimization of agents targeting central nervous system pathologies
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 3151–3173, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.261
- acetylcholinesterase (AChE) on ACh. Among the five drugs prescribed for AD, four (donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, and tacrine) are built upon the cholinergic hypothesis [26]. In contrast, memantine emerges as the only drug available that targets the glutamatergic system for AD, functioning as a non-competitive
- concentrations in the later stages of this pathology, has been gaining attention for the treatment of this disease. In 2021, Brandão et al. [33] developed a series of molecules inspired by the oxoindole-β-lactam core, a structural motif, present in many acetylcholinesterase inhibitor drugs, through the Ugi
- (IC50 = 1.28 μM), and non-toxicity in liver HepG2 cells. Hantzsch-based strategies: As mentioned before, in response to the challenges posed by the multifactorial nature of AD, the MTDL approach has emerged as a promising strategy. This approach involves designing drugs capable of binding simultaneously
Hypervalent iodine-mediated intramolecular alkene halocyclisation
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 3113–3133, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.258
- cost effective and selective, one-pot transformation. Pharmaceutical uses for bio-active cyclic molecules accessible by I(III) reagents are plentiful; anticancer drugs can be formed from the basis of pyrrolo[2,3-b]indoles 1 [3][4], 2-oxazolines 2 [5][6], dihydrofuran 3 [7][8], and spirocyclic scaffolds
- activity of biologically relevant molecules [22], and compounds containing fluorine have seen huge success in medicine and agrochemicals, with over 30% of small molecule drugs [23][24] and 16% of pesticides [25] now containing fluorine atoms. A range of synthetically important fluorinated hetero- and
- Although less common than fluorine in biologically active compounds, chlorine-containing molecules have interest in drug discovery, with over 250 chloro-containing drugs presently available [43]. The introduction of a chlorine atom into biologically active compounds for use in pharmaceuticals and
Advances in the use of metal-free tetrapyrrolic macrocycles as catalysts
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 3085–3112, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.257
- applied in various fields, including organometallic catalysis, dye-sensitized solar cells, sensing, artificial olfactory systems, photodynamic therapy (PDT), anticancer drugs, biochemical probes, and electrochemical devices. Relevant examples of these two pyrrolic macrocycles as metal-free organocatalysts
Synthesis of the 1,5-disubstituted tetrazole-methanesulfonylindole hybrid system via high-order multicomponent reaction
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 3077–3084, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.256
- are found in a plethora of compounds with significant biological and pharmacological relevance [1][2][3][4]. These moieties are indispensable in the design and synthesis of novel drugs aimed at overcoming drug resistance, which is a global health threat [5][6][7]. To date, a strategy to access novel
Chemical structure metagenomics of microbial natural products: surveying nonribosomal peptides and beyond
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 3050–3060, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.253
- traditional medicine formulations [2]. Modern science has found that natural products are uniquely suited as the starting point for the development of new drugs [3][4]. They may serve as chemical probes and help confirm laboratory findings [5]; furthermore, entirely new physical and chemical principles are
Synthesis of pyrrole-fused dibenzoxazepine/dibenzothiazepine/triazolobenzodiazepine derivatives via isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2870–2882, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.241
- compounds with antibiotic, antiviral, and anticancer properties that are found in many drugs and natural products [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Pyrroles' biological properties manifest when they are fused to other heterocycles [7][8][9][10][11][12]. Among them, seven-membered heterocycles of the benzodiazepine
- , benzoxazepine, and benzothiazepine derivatives are especially important. These consitute the central core of many natural and biological compounds and commercial drugs, including diazepam, clonazepam, lorazepam, telenzepine, chlordiazepoxide, loxapine, and amoxapine [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Pyrrole
N-Glycosides of indigo, indirubin, and isoindigo: blue, red, and yellow sugars and their cancerostatic activity
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2840–2869, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.240
- controlled by such protein kinases. Therefore, the investigation of the influence of drugs on protein kinases plays an important role in current medicinal chemistry. Indigo naturalis is a traditional drug, derived from indigo plants, which has been used in China for centuries and also more recently against
- anticipated that PAM activates channels of the membrane of melanoma cells to allow the antiproliferative compound (β-33b) to enter the cell. Thus, β-33b combined with PAM might be developed to a new and promising method of therapeutic intervention. This concept of combination of PAM with drugs could also be
- -glycososides 3-Alkylideneoxindoles are of considerable pharmacological relevance and occur in a variety of clinically used drugs and natural products [42][43][44][45]. The reaction of isatin-N-rhamnoside 16a with acetophenone (45a) afforded the desired 3-alkylideneoxindole-N-rhamnoside E-β-46a in good yield as
Synthesis and antimycotic activity of new derivatives of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2806–2817, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.236
- structural element of divaplon [7], fasiplon and taniplon [8], which are anxiolytics and anticonvulsant drugs. However, their application in clinical practice was recently discontinued [9][10]. The use of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine derivatives as effective antifungal agents is worthy of particular attention
- polysubstituted hydrogenated heterocyclic structures on their basis [25][26][27][28], including an acetanilide fragment. The introduction of this fragment into a molecule, often drugs, enhances the cytotoxic, antibacterial, and antiviral activity of the compounds, thus widening the range of their potential
- applications [28][29] including as antifungal agents [30][31][32][33]. These findings are supported by a number of literature sources that highlight the importance of incorporating the acetanilide moiety into potential drugs, including for enhancing the pharmacological activity of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines [1
Synthesis of benzo[f]quinazoline-1,3(2H,4H)-diones
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2708–2719, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.228
- promising target and candidate for the development of new drugs against a wide range of diseases [1][2][3][4]. As it is not contained in the DNA, it could be used to distinguish between DNA and RNA-based pharmaceutical targets. In previous years, uracil has been successfully used in the development of
- several drugs that are still important and often used. Examples include 5-fluorouracil and brivudine. 5-Fluoruracil is an important anticancer drug, while brivudine is considered to be one of the most effective antiviral drugs against the HSV-1 virus [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18
5th International Symposium on Synthesis and Catalysis (ISySyCat2023)
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2704–2707, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.227
- performance. In their contribution “Metal-catalyzed coupling/carbonylative cyclizations for accessing dibenzodiazepinones: an expedient route to clozapine and other drugs”, Moutayakine and Burke described a new synthetic route for the synthesis of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepinone (DBDAP
Transition-metal-free decarbonylation–oxidation of 3-arylbenzofuran-2(3H)-ones: access to 2-hydroxybenzophenones
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2655–2667, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.223
- anticancer effects [1]. Amongst these, 2-hydroxybenzophenones are regarded as one of the most important classes of compounds owing to their varied bioactivities, including calcium channel blockers, anti-influenza drugs, anti-HAV drugs, and antispasmodic agents (Figure 1) [2]. Along with that, oxybenzone, a 2
Efficient modification of peroxydisulfate oxidation reactions of nitrogen-containing heterocycles 6-methyluracil and pyridine
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2599–2607, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.219
- , including drugs and alkaloids [8]. Several drugs are known to contain the 2-pyridone structure, such as the cardiotonic drugs milrinone (Figure 1c) and amrinone (Figure 1d) [9][10], as well as the antibiotic pilicide (Figure 1e) [11][12]. As described in [13] during preliminary experiments, it was
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