Stereoselective electrochemical intramolecular imino-pinacol reaction: a straightforward entry to enantiopure piperazines

• Margherita Gazzotti,
• Fabrizio Medici,
• Valerio Chiroli,
• Laura Raimondi,
• Sergio Rossi and
• Maurizio Benaglia

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1897–1908, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.147

• Margherita Gazzotti Fabrizio Medici Valerio Chiroli Laura Raimondi Sergio Rossi Maurizio Benaglia Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, IT-20133 Milano, Italy 10.3762/bjoc.21.147 Abstract The stereoselective electroreductive intramolecular coupling of chiral

• products, agrochemicals, and pharmacologically active compounds. Enantiomerically pure 1,2-diamines and their derivatives are also increasingly used in stereoselective synthesis, particularly as chiral auxiliaries or as ligands for metal complexes in asymmetric catalysis [1]. Metal-based reductants

• resulted in a wide range of diamines, obtained in moderate to good yields. Inspired by these works, we aimed to investigate and optimize the stereoselective electrochemical intramolecular imino-pinacol coupling reaction under both batch and continuous flow conditions as a direct approach to enantiopure

3,3'-Linked BINOL macrocycles: optimized synthesis of crown ethers featuring one or two BINOL units

• Somayyeh Kheirjou,
• Jan Riebe,
• Maike Thiele,
• Christoph Wölper and
• Jochen Niemeyer

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1719–1729, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.134

• ][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] and more [24]. Especially BINOL-based crown ethers proved to be highly useful and were applied for stereoselective molecular recognition [25][26][27], for catalysis [25][28][29][30][31], as stationary phases for chromatography [32][33][34], but also as building blocks for

Approaches to stereoselective 1,1'-glycosylation

• Daniele Zucchetta and
• Alla Zamyatina

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1700–1718, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.133

• feature asymmetrically distributed functional groups across their two pyranose rings, emphasizes the importance of robust, stereoselective synthetic strategies capable of producing fully orthogonally protected 1,1′-linked sugars suitable for selective chemical modification. This review highlights recent

• requirements for functional or protecting groups that substitute the hydroxy- or amino functions of the monosaccharide components. Over the past decade, significant progress has been achieved in the stereoselective construction of 1,1'-glycosides using both conventional glycosylation methodologies and

• precursors [38][39][40][41][42]. This emphasizes the importance of reliable and reproducible approaches for the stereoselective synthesis of unsymmetrically orthogonally protected nonreducing disaccharides. While the desired anomeric selectivity on the side of the glycosyl donor can often be achieved by

Structural analysis of stereoselective galactose pyruvylation toward the synthesis of bacterial capsular polysaccharides

• Tsun-Yi Chiang,
• Mei-Huei Lin,
• Chun-Wei Chang,
• Jinq-Chyi Lee and
• Cheng-Chung Wang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1671–1677, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.131

Catalytic asymmetric reactions of isocyanides for constructing non-central chirality

• Jia-Yu Liao

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1648–1660, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.129

• attention due to its broad applications in various fields, including but not limited to drug discovery, asymmetric catalysis, and materials science (Figure 1b). Consequently, the development of efficient and stereoselective methods for assembling such scaffolds with respect to structural diversity has

Transition-state aromaticity and its relationship with reactivity in pericyclic reactions

• Israel Fernández

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1613–1626, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.125

• accelerate Diels–Alder cycloaddition reactions [30][31]. In addition, these LA-catalyzed cycloadditions not only exhibit higher reaction rates but also become, in many cases, more regio- and stereoselective than the corresponding uncatalyzed reactions. For these reasons, LAs have been (and still are) widely

Chemical synthesis of glycan motifs from the antitumor agent PI-88 through an orthogonal one-pot glycosylation strategy

• Shaokang Yang,
• Xingchun Sun,
• Hanyingzi Fan and
• Guozhi Xiao

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1587–1594, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.122

• ABz 7, Man PVB 8, and Man 9 through orthogonal one-pot glycosylation strategy (Scheme 1B). The 2-O-Bz group in 5–8 served as the neighboring participating group for the stereoselective construction of 1,2-trans-mannosidic bonds, while the 3-O-Lev group in 6 was the temporary protecting group for (1→3

Copper catalysis: a constantly evolving field

• Elena Fernández and
• Jaesook Yun

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1477–1479, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.109

• allenes with diisobutylaluminum hydride, which is followed by the allylation with p-toluenesulfonyl cyanide in a regio- and stereoselective manner. They propose a new way to access accessing acyclic β,γ-unsaturated nitriles with α-all-carbon quaternary centers. In the process, they managed to achieve a

• stereoselective synthesis of chlorocyclopropanes. As guest editors, we are deeply grateful to all contributors for sharing their high-quality work and valuable perspectives. We also thank the referees for their thoughtful evaluations, which helped maintain the scientific rigor of this collection. We hope this

Oxetanes: formation, reactivity and total syntheses of natural products

• Peter Gabko,
• Martin Kalník and
• Maroš Bella

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1324–1373, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.101

• , vinyl, ethynyl or sulphide are sufficient if a superbase such as LIDAKOR or LICKOR is used (Scheme 16) [54][55]. The reaction tends to be remarkably regioselective (in terms of the epoxide opening) and stereoselective, however, it should be treated with caution in case of allyl ethers as they can also

A versatile route towards 6-arylpipecolic acids

• Erich Gebel,
• Cornelia Göcke,
• Carolin Gruner and
• Norbert Sewald

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1104–1115, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.88

• accordance with coupling constants and resulting dihedral angles. Keywords: conformational restraints; dihedral angle NMR; half-chair conformation; modified amino acids; pipecolic acid; stereoselective hydrogenation; Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling; Introduction Non-proteinogenic amino acids play an

Recent advances in synthetic approaches for bioactive cinnamic acid derivatives

• Betty A. Kustiana,
• Galuh Widiyarti and
• Teni Ernawati

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1031–1086, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.85

• -cinnamic acid esters 383–385 and amides 386 and 387 via zwitterionic allene species 389 (Scheme 83B) [142]. 3.1.2 Ylide reactions: The construction of double bond ylide reactions (e.g. Wittig and Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reactions) is one of the most reliable and stereoselective methods. Several

• -workers (2019) employed a non-metal Lewis acid tritylium salt (TrBF4) to catalyze the stereoselective olefination of α-diazocarbonyl compounds 438 to access Z-cinnamate esters 439–442 via 1,2-hydride migration (443) (Scheme 89) [151]. The ion pair of carbocation, BF4− anions, and the trityldiazene group

• are cis-coplanar resulting in the Z-isomer product. 3.1.4 Metathesis reactions: Metathesis reactions are one of the most crucial approaches to preparing olefins. Grubbs and Grubbs–Hoveyda catalysts are among the most frequently used catalysts for the stereoselective construction of C=C bonds. Moreover

Cu–Bpin-mediated dimerization of 4,4-dichloro-2-butenoic acid derivatives enables the synthesis of densely functionalized cyclopropanes

• Patricia Gómez-Roibás,
• Andrea Chaves-Pouso and
• Martín Fañanás-Mastral

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 877–883, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.71

• versatile building blocks for the stereoselective synthesis of chlorocyclopropanes. Keywords: chlorocyclopropanes; copper; cyclization; 4,4-dichloro-2-butenoic acid derivatives; dimerization; Introduction In the last years our group has been focused on the development of catalytic methodologies for the

Regioselective formal hydrocyanation of allenes: synthesis of β,γ-unsaturated nitriles with α-all-carbon quaternary centers

• Seeun Lim,
• Teresa Kim and
• Yunmi Lee

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 800–806, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.63

• by the regio- and stereoselective allylation with p-toluenesulfonyl cyanide. The proposed methodology is efficient for accessing acyclic β,γ-unsaturated nitriles with α-all-carbon quaternary centers and achieves yields up to 99% and excellent regio- and E-selectivity. The reaction proceeds under mild

• centers [30][31][32][33]. Herein, we report a mild and efficient method for the regio- and (E)-stereoselective formal hydrocyanation of di- and trisubstituted allenes. Using DIBAL-H as the hydride source and TsCN as a readily available and bench-stable cyanating agent in the presence of a copper catalyst

New advances in asymmetric organocatalysis II

• Radovan Šebesta

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 766–769, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.60

• contributions in stereoselective organocatalytic transformations. The collection contains nine articles featuring various aspects of asymmetric organocatalysis. In the first contribution, Waser et al. examined how chiral phase-transfer catalysts promote β-selective additions of azlactones to allenoates. Maruoka

Origami with small molecules: exploiting the C–F bond as a conformational tool

• Patrick Ryan,
• Ramsha Iftikhar and
• Luke Hunter

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 680–716, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.54

• , fragrance chemicals, organocatalysts, and peptides. This comprehensive review summarises developments in this field during the period 2010–2024. Keywords: conformational analysis; medicinal chemistry; organofluorine chemistry; stereoselective fluorination; Introduction In the art of origami, a

Asymmetric synthesis of fluorinated derivatives of aromatic and γ-branched amino acids via a chiral Ni(II) complex

• Maurizio Iannuzzi,
• Thomas Hohmann,
• Michael Dyrks,
• Kilian Haoues,
• Katarzyna Salamon-Krokosz and
• Beate Koksch

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 659–669, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.52

• diastereomerically pure γ‑branched fluorinated amino acids. This work further underlines the importance of chiral Ni(II) complexes in the synthesis of fluorinated amino acids. Keywords: chiral nickel complexes; fluorinated amino acids; gram-scale amino acid synthesis; stereoselective synthesis; Introduction Non

• < 5%) despite numerous attempts. Conclusion This work described the stereoselective and gram-scale synthesis of a highly attractive palette of fluorinated amino acids prepared for application in solid-phase peptide synthesis. First, two different fluorinated variants of phenylalanine were synthesized

Recent advances in allylation of chiral secondary alkylcopper species

• Minjae Kim,
• Gwanggyun Kim,
• Doyoon Kim,
• Jun Hee Lee and
• Seung Hwan Cho

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 639–658, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.51

• attention due to their unique properties in stereoselective allylic substitution. This review highlights recent advances in copper-catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitution reactions with chiral secondary alkylcopper species, encompassing several key strategies for their generation: stereospecific

• stereoselective allylic substitution reaction with organometallic species 9 bearing a secondary carbon–metal bond has rarely been reported, despite its potential to enable complementary formation of the stereogenic center derived from nucleophiles. These reactions face significant challenges due to the relatively

• low configurational stability of the chiral secondary organometallic 9 and organocopper species 10 [38]. Therefore, the development of a more broadly applicable catalytic system that could accomplish copper-catalyzed stereoselective allylic alkylation with chiral secondary nucleophiles represents a

Vinylogous functionalization of 4-alkylidene-5-aminopyrazoles with methyl trifluoropyruvates

• Judit Hostalet-Romero,
• Laura Carceller-Ferrer,
• Gonzalo Blay,
• Amparo Sanz-Marco,
• José R. Pedro and
• Carlos Vila

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 533–540, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.41

• functionalize 5-aminopyrazoles. Biologically active compounds featuring a trifluoromethyl carbinol motif. Nucleophilic sites of 5-aminopyrazoles and 4-alkenyl-5-aminopyrazoles. Stereoselective synthesis of trifluoromethyl carbinols through an vinylogous addition reaction of 4-alkenyl-5-aminopyrazoles to alkyl

Photomechanochemistry: harnessing mechanical forces to enhance photochemical reactions

• Francesco Mele,
• Ana M. Constantin,
• Andrea Porcheddu,
• Raimondo Maggi,
• Giovanni Maestri,
• Nicola Della Ca’ and
• Luca Capaldo

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 458–472, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.33

• host to direct the photodimerization of 4.1 in a stereoselective fashion. The authors noted that, in stark contrast, the irradiation of 4.1 alone in a crystalline state yielded a mixture of isomers of 4.3 in low yield. Intriguingly, when a 4:1 ratio of 4.1 and 4.2 was used, 4.3 was obtained in 87

The effect of neighbouring group participation and possible long range remote group participation in O-glycosylation

• Rituparna Das and
• Balaram Mukhopadhyay

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 369–406, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.27

• Rituparna Das Balaram Mukhopadhyay SWEET Lab, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, India 10.3762/bjoc.21.27 Abstract Stereoselective glycosylations are one of the most challenging tasks of synthetic

• to obtain the required stereoselective glycosylation is undeniably the most significant factor [49][50][51][52]. The role of participating and non-participating protecting groups shows contribution in shifting the SN1/SN2 spectrum interface of glycosylation, enabling the researchers to utilise them

• it to obtain significant stereoselective glycosylation products in good yields. Acetyl and benzoyl protection: The total synthesis of oligosaccharides has seen numerous illustrations of the participating role of the acyl esters. Citing a few references in order to elaborate the mechanistic protocol

Three-component reactions of conjugated dienes, CH acids and formaldehyde under diffusion mixing conditions

• Dmitry E. Shybanov,
• Maxim E. Kukushkin,
• Eugene V. Babaev,
• Nikolai V. Zyk and
• Elena K. Beloglazkina

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 262–269, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.18

• was confirmed through the three-component reaction with acetylacetone, in which only the product 7 was formed (according to 1H NMR spectra of the reaction mixture). Stereoselective interactions between methylidene adducts and cyclopentadiene were confirmed for three-component reactions involving

Streamlined modular synthesis of saframycin substructure via copper-catalyzed three-component assembly and gold-promoted 6-endo cyclization

• Asahi Kanno,
• Ryo Tanifuji,
• Satoshi Yoshida,
• Sota Sato,
• Saori Maki-Yonekura,
• Kiyofumi Takaba,
• Jungmin Kang,
• Kensuke Tono,
• Koji Yonekura and
• Hiroki Oguri

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 226–233, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.14

• of saframycin A (1) is assembled from two molecules of ʟ-tyrosine derivative 5 and peptidyl aldehyde 6 by non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS, Scheme 1a) [15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. The pivotal NRPS module, SfmC, catalyzes iterative regio- and stereoselective Pictet–Spengler (PS)-type

Recent advances in electrochemical copper catalysis for modern organic synthesis

• Yemin Kim and
• Won Jun Jang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 155–178, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.9

• catalytic systems (merging electrochemistry with transition-metal catalysis) has led to the development of new, efficient, and chemo- and stereoselective synthetic transformations. This review highlighted the recent developments in dual catalytic reactions involving copper and electrocatalysis, including C

Cu(OTf)₂-catalyzed multicomponent reactions

• Sara Colombo,
• Camilla Loro,
• Egle M. Beccalli,
• Gianluigi Broggini and
• Marta Papis

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 122–145, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.7

• , also in regio- and stereoselective processes. The interest for these strategies arises from the cost-effectiveness as one-pot processes, the ease of application and the great efficiency when directed to the synthesis of biologically active compounds. Plausible general catalytic activation for ionic or

Recent advances in organocatalytic atroposelective reactions

• Henrich Szabados and
• Radovan Šebesta

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 55–121, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.6

• ; Introduction Stereoselective catalytic formation of chiral compounds is one of the critical tasks of modern organic synthesis [1]. The catalytic formation of compounds with a center of chirality has been the focus of countless works and can now be considered a matured area. On the other hand, the generation of

• a CPA to be used as an organocatalyst or to a phosphoramidite to be used as a chiral ligand. Testing these new structures on known stereoselective transformations, the authors achieved high yields and enantioselectivities (up to 98% yield and 97% ee). Wang et al. performed asymmetric (4 + 3