Recent advances in organocatalytic atroposelective reactions

• Henrich Szabados and
• Radovan Šebesta

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 55–121, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.6

• reported. The configurational stability and rotational barrier were also investigated. The enantioselectivity gradually decreased at 70 °C for 12 h in isopropyl alcohol and the calculated value was 28.5 kcal/mol. Control experiments proved the importance of N–H bonds during the reaction and methylation of

• -arylbenzenediamines 201 and β-ketoesters. Testing many different substrates, oxocyclopentane carboxylates 202 consistently provided the highest yields and enantioselectivities. The authors observed no racemization of 203 below 90 °C in toluene, isopropyl alcohol, or DCE. Based on these results, the rotational barrier

Facile one-pot reduction of β-nitrostyrenes to phenethylamines using sodium borohydride and copper(II) chloride

• Laura D’Andrea and
• Simon Jademyr

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 39–46, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.4

• ); 13C NMR (151 MHz, D2O) δ 122.41, 124.77, 129.01, 133.06; ESI-MS m/z: [M + 1]+ 171.0; found, 171.1; mp 190–191 °C. Benzyl alcohol (9b): The product formation was monitored by TLC using Hex/EtOAc (6:1). Once cooled to room temperature, the mixture was acidified with 20% HCl solution and extracted with

Non-covalent organocatalyzed enantioselective cyclization reactions of α,β-unsaturated imines

• Sergio Torres-Oya and
• Mercedes Zurro

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 3221–3255, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.268

• alcohol E isomer and it coordinated to the squaramide in an effective orientation, a stepwise mechanism is taking place. Firstly, the dienolate adds to the azadiene which is followed by cyclization with formation of the C–N bond. Finally, protonation leads to the formation of the desired derivative. The

• reaction between 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds 68 and azoalkenes 53 (Scheme 26) [48]. This methodology provides access to C1-symmetric biarylamino alcohol derivatives (NPNOL) 69 in a wide scope with good yields (45–89%) and good to excellent atroposelectivities (64–99% ee). In order to explain the reaction

• palladium on carbon led to free alcohol derivative 72 in a 98% yield. Next, a urea 73 and various thioureas 74–77 were obtained in good yields and with retention of the enantioselectivity, demonstrating the usefulness of the novel methodology for the synthesis of new organocatalysts. In April 2023, Huang

Synthesis of 2H-azirine-2,2-dicarboxylic acids and their derivatives

• Anastasiya V. Agafonova,
• Mikhail S. Novikov and
• Alexander F. Khlebnikov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 3191–3197, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.264

• a 4 mmol scale gave dimethyl ester 11a in 99% yield. Unexpectedly, the reaction of branched alcohols with diacyl chloride 2a failed. For example, the reaction with benzyl alcohol resulted in the formation of an overly complex mixture of products. Adding bases to trap HCl did not improve the

Synthesis of extended fluorinated tripeptides based on the tetrahydropyridazine scaffold

• Thierry Milcent,
• Pascal Retailleau,
• Benoit Crousse and
• Sandrine Ongeri

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 3174–3181, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.262

• has become an essential structural motif in medicinal chemistry due to its hydrogen-bond donor capacity, its lipophilic character, and as a bioisostere for alcohol, thiol, or amine groups [16][17][18][19]. Thus, the contribution of fluorinated compounds to pharmaceuticals has been crucial for more

Hypervalent iodine-mediated intramolecular alkene halocyclisation

• Charu Bansal,
• Oliver Ruggles,
• Albert C. Rowett and
• Alastair J. J. Lennox

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 3113–3133, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.258

• internal oxygen nucleophile and fluoride then sequentially attack the activated alkene, to either form 5- or 6-membered furan or pyran heterocycles depending on the chain length in the substrate. The pyran ring is only formed from the alcohol starting material, presumably because the oxygen is reactive

• regeneration of 1-fluoro-3,3- dimethylbenziodoxole (12) in 91% yield from isolated benzyl alcohol after the fluorination reaction. A mechanism of the reaction was proposed (Scheme 13) in which the iodane-activated alkene is attacked by fluoride and the aromatic ring, to form a fluorinated phenonium

Enantioselective regiospecific addition of propargyltrichlorosilane to aldehydes catalyzed by biisoquinoline N,N’-dioxide

• Noble Brako,
• Sreerag Moorkkannur Narayanan,
• Amber Burns,
• Layla Auter,
• Valentino Cesiliano,
• Rajeev Prabhakar and
• Norito Takenaka

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 3069–3076, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.255

• % yield with 61:39–92:8 enantiomeric ratios. Furthermore, possible mechanisms of propargyl–allenyl isomerization of propargyltrichlorosilane were computationally investigated. Keywords: α-allenic alcohol; computational chemistry; Lewis base catalysis; organocatalysis; propargyltrichlorosilane

Chemical structure metagenomics of microbial natural products: surveying nonribosomal peptides and beyond

• Thomas Ma and
• John Chu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 3050–3060, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.253

• to fully understand the determinant(s) of NRP topology. There are many ways to classify NRPs when topology and chemical structural features are considered simultaneously. For example, a macrocycle may be a lactam or a lactone depending on whether the internal nucleophile is an amine or an alcohol

Cyclodextrin-based rotaxanes for polymer materials: challenge on simultaneous realization of inexpensive production and defined structures

• Yosuke Akae

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 3026–3049, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.252

• the hydrogen bonding by the primary- or secondary-alcohol groups, as confirmed by theoretical analyses. This structure was consistent with a previously reported X-ray crystal structure analysis of the complex structure comprising α-CD, polyion, and Li+ or Cd2+ [45]. Regarding the small rotaxane

• primary alcohol at the sixth position (the narrower rim side), the further reaction on the narrower rim side of the CD was disturbed, while the secondary alcohol groups on the wider rim side of the CD could not react owing to their low reactivities (Figure 16B). Thus, the introduction of the methacryl

Advances in radical peroxidation with hydroperoxides

• Oleg V. Bityukov,
• Pavel Yu. Serdyuchenko,
• Andrey S. Kirillov,
• Gennady I. Nikishin,
• Vera A. Vil’ and
• Alexander O. Terent’ev

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2959–3006, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.249

• . The oxidation of benzyl alcohol 62 with TBHP results in aldehyde C, HAT from which by tert-butoxy radical A leads to the C-centered radical D. Subsequent recombination of radicals D and B provides the target product 63. An enantioselective peroxidation method of alkylaromatics with TBHP using chiral

• ]. The set of tert-butoxy A and tert-butylperoxy B radicals are formed from TBHP during the Cu(I)/Cu(II) redox cycle. The Cu(II)/TBHP system also provides oxidation of benzyl alcohol 80 to the corresponding aldehyde C. The reaction of isocyanate 81 with aldehyde C generates oxazoline D, HAT from D by the

• the decomposition of the second TBHP molecule to tert-butylperoxy radical B. Further, radical A abstracts a hydrogen atom from the starting alcohol 120 to form the α-hydroxy carbon radical C, which added to enyne 119 to form the C-centered radical D. Recombination of radical D with the tert

Synthesis of fluorinated acid-functionalized, electron-rich nickel porphyrins

• Mike Brockmann,
• Jonas Lobbel,
• Lara Unterriker and
• Rainer Herges

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2954–2958, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.248

• 4 (65%), 5 (50%), and 6 (40%) by chromatography was straightforward. However, the subsequent oxidation of the alcohol with the usual oxidizing agents (Jones reagent, KMnO4, etc.) was not successful. A radical oxidation with TEMPO, potassium bromide (KBr), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and sodium

Recent advances in transition-metal-free arylation reactions involving hypervalent iodine salts

• Ritu Mamgain,
• Kokila Sakthivel and
• Fateh V. Singh

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2891–2920, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.243

• reactions occurred under mild conditions and without any need of transition-metal catalysts. In 2023, Wu and colleagues successfully synthesized a range of meta-substituted biaryl ethers. The reaction involves phenols 61 and cyclic diaryliodonium salts 73, dissolved in tert-butyl alcohol, in the presence of

N-Glycosides of indigo, indirubin, and isoindigo: blue, red, and yellow sugars and their cancerostatic activity

• Peter Langer

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2840–2869, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.240

• an orange solid (Scheme 29) [46]. In the first step, a base-mediated aldol reaction was carried out. The corresponding alcohol was directly used as the crude product and treated with tosyl chloride, NEt3, and DMAP (stirring for 2 h at 20 °C) to give the corresponding tosylate which was further

Synthesis and antimycotic activity of new derivatives of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines

• Dmitriy Yu. Vandyshev,
• Daria A. Mangusheva,
• Khidmet S. Shikhaliev,
• Kirill A. Scherbakov,
• Oleg N. Burov,
• Alexander D. Zagrebaev,
• Tatiana N. Khmelevskaya,
• Alexey S. Trenin and
• Fedor I. Zubkov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2806–2817, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.236

• intramolecular cyclization were observed (Table 1, entries 3 and 4). The best results were obtained when isopropyl alcohol was used, which furnished yields of the final product 4а up to 89% within 1 h (entry 9 in Table 1). In the case of methanol and ethanol, the maximum conversion was also observed during the

Efficient modification of peroxydisulfate oxidation reactions of nitrogen-containing heterocycles 6-methyluracil and pyridine

• Alfiya R. Gimadieva,
• Yuliya Z. Khazimullina,
• Aigiza A. Gilimkhanova and
• Akhat G. Mustafin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2599–2607, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.219

• LLC, Russia), chloroform (reagent grade, JSC Khimreaktivsnab, Russia) and ethyl alcohol (reagent grade, LLC TD Khimmed, Russia) were used in this work. The phthalocyanine catalysts (Co, FeII, FeIII, Mn, Ni, and Zn phthalocyanines) were synthesized according to the known procedure [44] from

A review of recent advances in electrochemical and photoelectrochemical late-stage functionalization classified by anodic oxidation, cathodic reduction, and paired electrolysis

• Nian Li,
• Ruzal Sitdikov,
• Ajit Prabhakar Kale,
• Joost Steverlynck,
• Bo Li and
• Magnus Rueping

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2500–2566, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.214

• activate alcohols presents a significant synthetic challenge. The carbazate substrates are easily prepared from ubiquitous alcohol precursors. The first stage of the transformation involves the sequential anodic oxidation of the carbazate and subsequent deprotonation to form a diazenecarboxylate. Further

• method for the formation of C–S bonds [25]. This method achieves the difunctionalization of a carbon atom by reacting isocyanide 2-isocyanoacetate with a thiophenol and an alcohol. The scope is very broad for thiophenols, alcohols, and isocyanides, and even alkyl thiols are compatible. In addition to

• constant voltage (CV) conditions and light irradiation under a nitrogen atmosphere. This method demonstrates broad compatibility with various functional groups and complex substrates, including alcohol, carboxylic acid, esters, alkyl chloride, and tosylate groups. Notably, the LSF of compounds such as

Visible-light-mediated flow protocol for Achmatowicz rearrangement

• Joachyutharayalu Oja,
• Sanjeev Kumar and
• Srihari Pabbaraja

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2493–2499, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.213

• a result, developing an alternative strategy would be an attractive solution to address the limitations described above. Flow chemistry was chosen as the most attractive alternative for the photo-induced (visible light) Achmatowicz rearrangement to convert furfuryl alcohol scaffolds into

• rearrangement reaction [7][8][9][10][14][15]. With the established photo-flow platform and optimized conditions, we were interested in investigating the scope of this methodology using several substituted furfuryl alcohol substrates (2a–p) which were subjected to the Achmatowicz reaction utilizing our photo

• from the unsubstituted furfuryl alcohol 2b. These findings highlight the robustness of the Achmatowicz reaction in accommodating variations at these key sites. Next, the effect of the p-substituted phenyl group was also investigated by evaluating substrates 2g, 2h showing not much variations in the

Photoredox-catalyzed intramolecular nucleophilic amidation of alkenes with β-lactams

• Valentina Giraldi,
• Giandomenico Magagnano,
• Daria Giacomini,
• Pier Giorgio Cozzi and
• Andrea Gualandi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2461–2468, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.210

• starting from succinimide (Scheme 3). Through a simple reaction in toluene at 80 °C in the presence of Zn(OAc)2, the hemiaminal derivative 13 underwent substitution with cinnamyl alcohol, resulting in the isolation of 14 with a satisfactory yield. Under optimized reaction conditions, the photocatalytic

Hypervalent iodine-mediated cyclization of bishomoallylamides to prolinols

• Smaher E. Butt,
• Konrad Kepski,
• Jean-Marc Sotiropoulos and
• Wesley J. Moran

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2455–2460, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.209

• benzoyl group on the nitrogen atom preventing equilibration to the thermodynamic piperidine product [21]. Basic workup hydrolyzes the trifluoroacetoxy ester in 14 to alcohol 7a. Consideration of the literature NMR data for the three possible isomeric products (i.e., pyrrolidine, piperidine, and

Phenylseleno trifluoromethoxylation of alkenes

• Clément Delobel,
• Armen Panossian,
• Gilles Hanquet,
• Frédéric R. Leroux,
• Fabien Toulgoat and
• Thierry Billard

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2434–2441, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.207

• Markovnikov product (i.e. with the CF3O in the “internal” position) was predominant, whereas for the allylic alcohol derivatives, the anti-Markovnikov addition (i.e. with the CF3O in the “terminal” position) was predominant (2e vs 2g and 2h vs 2i). This could be rationalized by the electronic effect of the

Facile preparation of fluorine-containing 2,3-epoxypropanoates and their epoxy ring-opening reactions with various nucleophiles

• Yutaro Miyashita,
• Sae Someya,
• Tomoko Kawasaki-Takasuka,
• Tomohiro Agou and
• Takashi Yamazaki

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2421–2433, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.206

• detection of benzaldehyde which was considered to be formed by the NaClO-mediated oxidation of benzyl alcohol generated by hydrolysis. Changing the oxidizing reagent to crystalline NaClO·5H2O nicely solved the problem with the realization of 86% isolated yield of 2b by the utilization of this oxidant (2

• . If the in situ conversion of anti,syn-7a to anti,syn-7b follows the above ester alcohol exchange mechanism, employment of dibenzyl malonate should afford a single compound. This is actually the case and the expected dihydrofuran anti,syn-7c was obtained in 53% yield as a 98:2 diastereomer mixture

Efficient one-step synthesis of diarylacetic acids by electrochemical direct carboxylation of diarylmethanol compounds in DMSO

• Hisanori Senboku and
• Mizuki Hayama

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2392–2400, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.203

• dioxide; Introduction Electrochemical reduction of benzyl alcohol derivatives can induce reductive cleavage of a C(sp3)–O bond [1] at the benzylic position to generate the corresponding benzylic anion species. This protocol has been frequently applied to electrochemical carboxylation [2][3][4][5][6][7][8

• used as substrate, selective C–O bond cleavage, followed by fixation of carbon dioxide, occurred at the benzylic C(sp3)–O bond rather than the C(sp2)–O bond on the phenyl ring to give the corresponding diphenylacetic acid 2h in 45% yield. Not only a secondary alcohol but also a tertiary alcohol was

Asymmetric organocatalytic synthesis of chiral homoallylic amines

• Nikolay S. Kondratyev and
• Andrei V. Malkov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2349–2377, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.201

• -morpholinyl amido and benzophenone imino groups with LiAlH4 and NaBH4 afforded the corresponding syn-2-benzyl-1,3-amino alcohol 134 in 83% yield. In the case of the dimethylamide derivative, deprotection of benzophenone imine 128 with NH2OH·HCl followed by the LiAlH4 reduction gave rise to chiral syn-2-benzyl

Hydrogen-bond activation enables aziridination of unactivated olefins with simple iminoiodinanes

• Phong Thai,
• Lauv Patel,
• Diyasha Manna and
• David C. Powers

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2305–2312, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.197

• the potential for chemical non-innocence of fluorinated alcohol solvents in NGT catalysis. Keywords: aziridination; electrochemistry; H-bond activation; hypervalent iodine; nitrene transfer; Introduction Hypervalent iodine reagents find widespread application in selective oxidation chemistry due to

• ), Koser’s reagent (PhI(OH)OTs), Zhdankin’s reagent (C6H4(o-COO)IN3, ABX), and Dess–Martin periodinane (DMP) – and find application in an array of synthetically important transformations including olefin difunctionalization, carbonyl desaturation, alcohol oxidation, and C–H functionalization [3][4

• described in some group-transfer schemes [23][24][25], and in particular, fluorinated alcohol solvents, such as 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP), have been reported to enhance hypervalent iodine reactivity by providing a H-bonding solvent cluster that enhances the electrophilicity of the iodine

Synthesis and reactivity of the di(9-anthryl)methyl radical

• Tomohiko Nishiuchi,
• Kazuma Takahashi,
• Yuta Makihara and
• Takashi Kubo

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2254–2260, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.193

• to the DAntM radical is shown in Scheme 1. The alcohol precursor 3 was prepared via addition reaction of lithium reagent 2 to 10-mesitylanthracene-9-carbaldehyde (1) in moderate yield (59%). The generation of the DAntM radical was performed using stannous chloride dihydrate with hydrogen chloride in