Photochemically assisted synthesis of phenacenes fluorinated at the terminal benzene rings and their electronic spectra

• Yuuki Ishii,
• Minoru Yamaji,
• Fumito Tani,
• Kenta Goto,
• Yoshihiro Kubozono and
• Hideki Okamoto

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 670–679, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.53

• molecules in spite of their long history; phenacenes were recognized as contents in petroleum-industry residues as early as in the 19th century [8][9]. In the last decade, phenacenes were demonstrated to serve as platform materials namely in organic electronics, such as chromophores for photovoltaics [10

Deep-blue emitting 9,10-bis(perfluorobenzyl)anthracene

• Long K. San,
• Sebastian Balser,
• Brian J. Reeves,
• Tyler T. Clikeman,
• Yu-Sheng Chen,
• Steven H. Strauss and
• Olga V. Boltalina

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 515–525, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.39

• ; perfluorobenzylation; photochemistry; Introduction The revolution of small organic molecules in the semiconductor industry continues to progress, replacing some silicon and metal-based electronic components. Acenes, such as anthracene (ANTH) and its higher homologues, represent some of the most studied materials that

Synthesis of N-acetyl diazocine derivatives via cross-coupling reaction

• Thomas Brandt,
• Pascal Lentes,
• Jeremy Rudtke,
• Michael Hösgen,
• Christian Näther and
• Rainer Herges

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 490–499, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.36

• because the design of a photoswitchable agent usually starts with a known, non-switchable drug or a known biological molecule, which is already carefully "optimized" either by pharmaceutical industry or by nature. Hence, there is a high risk that any change in structure will also lead to a reduction in

Organocatalytic kinetic resolution of 1,5-dicarbonyl compounds through a retro-Michael reaction

• James Guevara-Pulido,
• Fernando González-Pérez,
• José M. Andrés and
• Rafael Pedrosa

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 473–482, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.34

• , Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo Belén 7, 47011-Valladolid, Spain 10.3762/bjoc.21.34 Abstract The pharmaceutical chemical industry has long used kinetic resolution to obtain high-value compounds. Organocatalysis has recently been added to this strategy, allowing for the resolution of racemic mixtures with

• in the reaction mixture [2] and is the most practical method applied in the pharmaceutical industry [3]. However, research in this field has developed new resolution methods known as deracemization [4] and dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) [5]. Currently, organocatalysis has enabled more efficient

Photomechanochemistry: harnessing mechanical forces to enhance photochemical reactions

• Francesco Mele,
• Ana M. Constantin,
• Andrea Porcheddu,
• Raimondo Maggi,
• Giovanni Maestri,
• Nicola Della Ca’ and
• Luca Capaldo

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 458–472, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.33

• into synthetic workflows, both in academia and industry. They are inherently low in throughput, lack standardized equipment for photochemical reactions, and suffer from poor reproducibility. In fact, it is striking that often little detail is given regarding the geometry of the setup as well as the

Synthesis of new condensed naphthoquinone, pyran and pyrimidine furancarboxylates

• Kirill A. Gomonov,
• Vasilii V. Pelipko,
• Igor A. Litvinov,
• Ilya A. Pilipenko,
• Anna M. Stepanova,
• Nikolai A. Lapatin,
• Ruslan I. Baichurin and
• Sergei V. Makarenko

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 340–347, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.24

• Resource Center for Collective Use ''Modern physical and chemical methods for the formation and study of materials for the needs of industry, science, and education'' of the Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia. Funding The X-ray diffraction study was financially supported within the framework of

Synthesis of disulfides and 3-sulfenylchromones from sodium sulfinates catalyzed by TBAI

• Zhenlei Zhang,
• Ying Wang,
• Xingxing Pan,
• Manqi Zhang,
• Wei Zhao,
• Meng Li and
• Hao Zhang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 253–261, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.17

• groups in organic synthesis [1][2][3][4]. In chemistry and biology, disulfide bonds play crucial roles in protein folding and stabilization [5][6][7][8] and in the rubber industry, they are used to link different polymer chains [9][10]. The disulfide bond backbone is commonly used as a linker for

Visible-light-promoted radical cyclisation of unactivated alkenes in benzimidazoles: synthesis of difluoromethyl- and aryldifluoromethyl-substituted polycyclic imidazoles

• Yujun Pang,
• Jinglan Yan,
• Nawaf Al-Maharik,
• Qian Zhang,
• Zeguo Fang and
• Dong Li

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 234–241, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.15

• Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry (202107B06) and the Doctoral Research Start-up Fund of Hubei University of Technology (XJKY20220023) for financial support.

Streamlined modular synthesis of saframycin substructure via copper-catalyzed three-component assembly and gold-promoted 6-endo cyclization

• Asahi Kanno,
• Ryo Tanifuji,
• Satoshi Yoshida,
• Sota Sato,
• Saori Maki-Yonekura,
• Kiyofumi Takaba,
• Jungmin Kang,
• Kensuke Tono,
• Koji Yonekura and
• Hiroki Oguri

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 226–233, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.14

• Science Research) from AMED under Grant Numbers JP23ama121006 (S. M.-Y., K. T. and K. Y.). A.K. is grateful to the Program for Leading Graduate School “World-leading Innovative Graduate Study Program for Material Research, Industry and Technology (MERIT-WINGS)”.

Dioxazolones as electrophilic amide sources in copper-catalyzed and -mediated transformations

• Seungmin Lee,
• Minsuk Kim,
• Hyewon Han and
• Jongwoo Son

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 200–216, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.12

• of primary amides through N–O bond reduction using reducing agent. Funding This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea grant (RS-2024-00333890) funded by the South Korean Government (MSIT). This work was also supported by the Korea Environment Industry & Technology Institute

Recent advances in electrochemical copper catalysis for modern organic synthesis

• Yemin Kim and
• Won Jun Jang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 155–178, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.9

• efficient and economical approach for molecular synthesis [40]. This strategy has been widely applied in synthetic chemistry, the pharmaceutical industry, and materials science. Over the past few decades, transition-metal-catalyzed C–H activation reactions have been widely developed. Late-stage C–H

Emerging trends in the optimization of organic synthesis through high-throughput tools and machine learning

• Pablo Quijano Velasco,
• Kedar Hippalgaonkar and
• Balamurugan Ramalingam

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 10–38, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.3

• alternative that can be adapted to perform chemical reaction optimization. In addition to academia, industry is increasingly recognizing the value of investing in custom-built HTE setups to automate their synthesis workflows for enhanced productivity. A fully integrated, cloud-accessible, automated synthesis

Efficient synthesis of fluorinated triphenylenes with enhanced arene–perfluoroarene interactions in columnar mesophases

• Yang Chen,
• Jiao He,
• Hang Lin,
• Hai-Feng Wang,
• Ping Hu,
• Bi-Qin Wang,
• Ke-Qing Zhao and
• Bertrand Donnio

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 3263–3273, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.270

• an effective tool for the design of liquid crystalline materials [3][4][5][6][7][8]. Rod-like liquid crystalline molecules with fluorine-substituted arenes are ubiquitous in the displays industry [12]. They are also gaining importance in the design of π-conjugated polycyclic aromatic discotic liquid

Chemical structure metagenomics of microbial natural products: surveying nonribosomal peptides and beyond

• Thomas Ma and
• John Chu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 3050–3060, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.253

• , teicoplanin, ramoplanin, etc., and were once an intense research focus in both academia and industry [66]. Such a historical backdrop may explain the apparent oversampling of the sp2 BBs. In contrast, hydroxylated benzoic acids turned out to be the most underexplored group of BBs (benzoyl, Figure 3e). In NRPs

Advances in radical peroxidation with hydroperoxides

• Oleg V. Bityukov,
• Pavel Yu. Serdyuchenko,
• Andrey S. Kirillov,
• Gennady I. Nikishin,
• Vera A. Vil’ and
• Alexander O. Terent’ev

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2959–3006, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.249

• growing urbanization, expanding infrastructure projects and industrialization. A wide range of organic peroxide initiators is now available (Scheme 1) and this is continually being expanded to meet the changing requirements of the polymer industry. Discovery of artemisinin, which was highlighted with the

Synthesis of tricarbonylated propargylamine and conversion to 2,5-disubstituted oxazole-4-carboxylates

• Kento Iwai,
• Akari Hikasa,
• Kotaro Yoshioka,
• Shinki Tani,
• Kazuto Umezu and
• Nagatoshi Nishiwaki

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2827–2833, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.238

• Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoyahigashimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan Kumiai Chemical Industry Co. Ltd., Nakanogo, Fuji, Shizuoka 421-3306, Japan and 5K • I Chemical Industry Co. Ltd., Shinoshinden, Iwata, Shizuoka 437-1213, Japan 10.3762/bjoc.20.238 Abstract The N

• were purchased from commercial sources (Kanto Chemical Co., Inc. or Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Corp.) and used without further purification. Super dehydrated, stabilizer-free THF was used as solvent and purchased from Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Corp. DEMO was supplied by Kumiai Chemical Industry Co

Interaction of a pyrene derivative with cationic [60]fullerene in phospholipid membranes and its effects on photodynamic actions

• Hayato Takagi,
• Çetin Çelik,
• Ryosuke Fukuda,
• Qi Guo,
• Tomohiro Higashino,
• Hiroshi Imahori,
• Yoko Yamakoshi and
• Tatsuya Murakami

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2732–2738, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.231

• Sciences AG (Farmingdale, NY, USA). FeSO4, DETAPAC and NADH was bought from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, Missouri, USA). DMPO was bought from TCI (Tokyo Chemical Industry Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). Irradiation was performed by blue LED light (464–477 nm, 23 lm·W–1) from Lumiflex300 Pro RGB LED Stripes

5th International Symposium on Synthesis and Catalysis (ISySyCat2023)

• Anthony J. Burke and
• Elisabete P. Carreiro

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2704–2707, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.227

• intramolecular aminocarbonylation using Mo(CO)6. Both catalytic approaches successfully produced the desired DBDAPs. As previously mentioned, organic synthesis is a crucial tool for preparing complex molecules of high value to industry. Frackenpohl et al. [13] designed and synthesized a new library of 2,3

Deciphering the mechanism of γ-cyclodextrin’s hydrophobic cavity hydration: an integrated experimental and theoretical study

• Stiliyana Pereva,
• Stefan Dobrev,
• Tsveta Sarafska,
• Valya Nikolova,
• Silvia Angelova,
• Tony Spassov and
• Todor Dudev

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2635–2643, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.221

• residues, but α-CDs with 6 and γ-CDs with 8 glucopyranose units, respectively, have also been widely used as potent host structures encapsulating various substances of interest to science and industry. The shape of CDs is toroid-like with one opening (lower rim) wider than the other (upper rim). These

A review of recent advances in electrochemical and photoelectrochemical late-stage functionalization classified by anodic oxidation, cathodic reduction, and paired electrolysis

• Nian Li,
• Ruzal Sitdikov,
• Ajit Prabhakar Kale,
• Joost Steverlynck,
• Bo Li and
• Magnus Rueping

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2500–2566, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.214

• gaining increasing interest in both academia and industry due to its numerous advantages and potential applications [1][2]. Electrochemical methods can reduce costs and waste generation by eliminating the need for chemical oxidants or reductants, and they can be safely and easily scaled up in flow

• reactors for industrial applications. The potential for upscaling and applicability towards LSF makes electrosynthesis particularly appealing for the fine-chemical and pharmaceutical industry. As the electrode potential can be fine-tuned over a continuous scale, higher functional group compatibility can be

Machine learning-guided strategies for reaction conditions design and optimization

• Lung-Yi Chen and
• Yi-Pei Li

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2476–2492, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.212

• these existing challenges, reaction optimization continues to play a vital role in both academia and industry in the age of big data [23]. Outlook and Perspectives As we explore the future of ML in designing and optimizing reaction conditions, several promising avenues and challenges are poised to shape

Improved deconvolution of natural products’ protein targets using diagnostic ions from chemical proteomics linkers

• Andreas Wiest and
• Pavel Kielkowski

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2323–2341, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.199

• ; Introduction Natural products (NPs) have been pivotal for the development of modern medicine accompanying humans from the prehistorical age [1]. In the last century, NPs became the main source of the active scaffolds for the pharmaceutical industry with focus on principle of one compound, one target, and one

Cell-free protein synthesis with technical additives – expanding the parameter space of in vitro gene expression

• Tabea Bartsch,
• Stephan Lütz and
• Katrin Rosenthal

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2242–2253, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.192

• and thscGAS-sfGFP. Parameter scope and robustness of CFPS The composition of reaction media for enzymatic applications, especially in the chemical industry, has been expanded to technical additives [60]. It was therefore tested whether CFPS is also compatible with the addition of technical additives

Finding the most potent compounds using active learning on molecular pairs

• Zachary Fralish and
• Daniel Reker

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2152–2162, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.185

• Science & Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship Program. This research was supported by the Duke Science & Technology Initiative and by the NIH NIGMS grant R35GM151255. Conflict of Interest D.R. acts as a consultant to the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry, as a mentor for Start2, and on the

Factors influencing the performance of organocatalysts immobilised on solid supports: A review

• Zsuzsanna Fehér,
• Dóra Richter,
• Gyula Dargó and
• József Kupai

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2129–2142, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.183

• methods, such as the application of immobilised organocatalysts [14][15] and heterogeneous organocatalysis [16][17][18], could be a potential driver for the introduction of, for example, enantioselective organocatalysis in the pharmaceutical industry [19]. Knowledge of the factors that influence catalyst

• enantioselectivity (>90% ee) for over 250 cycles. Conclusion Solid-supported organocatalysts can provide an environmentally friendly and economical solution even for industrial processes. To maximise their adoption by industry, efficient catalysts that can be easily recycled need to be developed. Immobilisation on

• evolving development of solid-supported organocatalysts has significant potential for industrial applications, particularly in the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industry. The design of recyclable, robust and high-performance organocatalyst systems will continue to encourage innovation in this area