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Search for "properties" in Full Text gives 2236 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry. Showing first 200.
Supramolecular assembly of hypervalent iodine macrocycles and alkali metals
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1095–1103, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.87
- demonstrates several atoms (e.g., Cl, I, S, P etc.) that exhibit hypervalent properties. Among these atoms, iodine has gained significant attention, particularly in the form of hypervalent iodine reagents. In organic chemistry, these reagents are valued for their distinct reactivities, safe handling, high
Recent advances in synthetic approaches for bioactive cinnamic acid derivatives
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1031–1086, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.85
- Cinnamic acid derivatives represent a significant class of biologically active compounds exhibiting a broad spectrum of activities, such as antifungal, antidengue, antimetastatic, antimicrobial, antibacterial, and anticancer properties. Their preparation has attracted considerable attention due to their
- flavor, fragrance, and therapeutic activities (Figure 1). Several reported activities of cinnamic acid include antibacterial and antifungal properties [1][2][3][4], antidengue [5], antimetastatic [6], neuroprotective synergy and angiogenesis effects [7], antileishmaniasis [8], anticancer [9], thromboxane
Biobased carbon dots as photoreductants – an investigation by using triarylsulfonium salts
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1024–1030, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.84
- their size, surface defects, and functional groups, which can be engineered to tune their optical properties. Accordingly, their emission spans a broad range of wavelengths, from ultraviolet to the visible region, allowing for the potential application in an impressive range of applications, such as
- recourse to treatments such as pyrolysis, ultrasonic carbonization, hydrothermal, solvothermal, or microwave irradiation [13][14][15][16][17]. The properties of CDs can be tuned by doping them with various elements, which influence photophysical and electrochemical properties, stability, and
- biocompatibility. The electrochemical properties of such materials have been then evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV). For all the properties mentioned above, CDs emerged as low-cost and sustainable photocatalysts. Indeed, upon visible-light irradiation, the generated excited state CD* can operate as either
Pd-Catalyzed asymmetric allylic amination with isatin using a P,olefin-type chiral ligand with C–N bond axial chirality
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1018–1023, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.83
- few studies have reported the use of isatin as a nucleophile in asymmetric reactions [9][10][11]. On the other hand, it has been revealed that compounds in which the carbon bonded to the nitrogen atom of newly constructed N-substituted isatin becomes a chiral center exhibit pharmacological properties
Synthesis of pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine-2,4(3H)-diones by domino C–N coupling/hydroamination reactions
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1010–1017, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.82
- Abstract A variety of pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine-2,4(3H)-diones were prepared by a combination of Sonogashira reaction and subsequent cyclization by domino C–N coupling/hydroamination reaction. The optical properties (UV–vis absorption and fluorescence) depend on the substitution pattern of the compounds
- instance, deazapurines represent heterocyclic fused pyrimidine bases which have found special attention, due to their widespread occurrence in natural alkaloids exhibiting various biological properties. For example, cadeguomycin (A), tubercidin (B), and toyocamycin (C) show antibiotic properties, while
- batzelladine A (D), isolated from a Bahamian sponge, possesses anti-HIV and cancerostatic activities. Antiviral properties have been identified for sangivamycin (E), which was isolated from Streptomyces rimosus (Figure 1) [16][17][18][19][20][21]. Consequently, several pyrrolopyrimidines have been synthesized
Recent total synthesis of natural products leveraging a strategy of enamide cyclization
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 999–1009, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.81
- antitumor, antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidizing properties. Previous synthetic strategies for these molecules typically rely on multi-step procedures to assemble the tricyclic core. However, the direct catalytic enantioselective formation of this scaffold from a linear precursor remains underexplored
On the photoluminescence in triarylmethyl-centered mono-, di-, and multiradicals
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 964–998, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.80
- Ulm, Germany 10.3762/bjoc.21.80 Abstract Organic radicals with light-emitting properties and exceptional stability offer exciting opportunities to address spin-statistical limitations in organic electronics and advance quantum technologies. These radicals, acting as small molecular magnets, exhibit
- delves into the photoluminescent properties and spin ground states of trityl-based mono-, di-, and multiradicals, examining the strategies employed to enhance their performance. Additionally, we review predictive methods for determining the luminescence and spin states of radicals, highlighting critical
- emission properties of such X2PyBTM molecules [6]. The ϕ is highest for the F2PyBTM with 6%, Cl2PyBTM has 3% and Br2PyBTM 2% [6][57]. The increase in ϕ for the most electronegative substituent might be explained by a somewhat more pronounced CT excited state, due to the stronger electron-withdrawing
Studies on the syntheses of β-carboline alkaloids brevicarine and brevicolline
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 955–963, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.79
- isolated in 1960 [3], was tested in vitro and demonstrated antibacterial and antifungal properties due to its photosensitizing ability [26]. It was used in medical practice as an obstetrical drug and also in veterinary practice for treating infertility [2]. Experiments investigating the synthesis of
- : it acts as an antioxidant [28], shows antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis [31], has antiproliferative effects against triple-negative breast cancer [32], serves as an agent against Parkinson's disease [29], and possesses skin anti-inflammatory properties [33]. Notably, the
Study of tribenzo[b,d,f]azepine as donor in D–A photocatalysts
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 935–944, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.76
- demonstrate that these simple D–A structures exhibit promising photocatalytic properties, comparable to those of more complex D–A–D systems. Keywords: donor–acceptor system; photocatalyst design; photoredox catalysis; organic photocatalyst; Introduction In recent years, photocatalysis has emerged as a
- –properties dependence to modulate its optical and photoredox properties [4]. For instance, molecules with donor–acceptor (D–A) structures, classically used as OLED emitters, have gained relevance by finding alternative applications in the field of photocatalysis [5]. In this type of structure, the electron
- absorption profile in the visible region, ii) a long lifetime of the excited states, and iii) balanced redox potentials in both the ground and excited states [7]. In 2018, Zeitler and her collaborators conducted an innovative and in-depth study on modulating the photochemical properties of a family of donor
Silver(I) triflate-catalyzed post-Ugi synthesis of pyrazolodiazepines
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 915–925, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.74
- anesthesia [14]. The imidazo[4,5-d][1,3]diazepine core is present in pentostatin and coformycin, which are naturally occurring N-nucleoside inhibitors of adenosine deaminase, known for their antibiotic and anticancer properties [15][16][17]. These examples highlight the importance of developing novel
Recent advances in controllable/divergent synthesis
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 890–914, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.73
- the anionic cyano-substituted bisoxazoline ligand L7, the glycine ester and copper catalyst form a distinct intermediate complex Int-28. The ligand’s reduced steric bulk and altered electronic properties facilitate direct interaction with alkyl radicals, forming a high-valent Cu(III) intermediate Int
- , while the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of different reductive elimination intermediates jointly determine the switchable site selectivity. Acid–base control The strategic modulation of acid–base interactions has emerged as a powerful paradigm in organic synthesis, enabling precise control over
Data accessibility in the chemical sciences: an analysis of recent practice in organic chemistry journals
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 864–876, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.70
- , standards, and data centers for these communities. The Materials Genome Initiative (MGI) [9] has accelerated the production of large, public datasets that are driving an exponential increase in the design and discovery of novel materials, their properties prediction and characterization [10][11][12
- across the associated files, this practice concurrently discourages the use of InChI [50] and SMILES [51] identifiers. A lack of unambiguous structure identifiers makes it difficult (or impossible) to extract the associated spectroscopic data or properties for reuse through computational means. Overall
Light-enabled intramolecular [2 + 2] cycloaddition via photoactivation of simple alkenylboronic esters
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 854–863, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.69
- generated triplet diradical in an intramolecular system. To further assess the properties relevant for intramolecular reactivity, substrate 3b was designed (see Supporting Information File 1 for full details), given that non-activated α,β-unsaturated systems are also comparatively underexplored via EnT
- + 2] cycloaddition established, the scope and pivotal properties of the core structure was assessed (Scheme 1). Single point modifications of the tethered backbone were tolerated, enabling access to small 3D bicyclic scaffolds 4b, 4c, and 4d containing both a boron and ester handle. Consciously aware
Chitosan-supported CuI-catalyzed cascade reaction of 2-halobenzoic acids and amidines for the synthesis of quinazolinones
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 839–844, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.67
- group, we investigated the reactions with various substituted 2-halobenzoic acids. The reactivity of 2-iodobenzoic acid derivatives (3a–d, 90−96% yields) was higher than that of 2-bromobenzoic acid derivatives (3a–d, 57−73% yields), the electronic properties of the substituents on the benzene ring had
Substituent effects in N-acetylated phenylazopyrazole photoswitches
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 830–838, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.66
- straightforward development for specific applications. In this work, we synthesized novel N-acylpyrazole-based photoswitches and conducted a comparative study with 33 phenylazopyrazoles, comparing their photoswitching properties and the impact of electronic effects. Using UV–vis and NMR spectroscopy, we
- are molecules reversibly changing their optical and chemical properties upon irradiation. These features offer easy, precise, and reversible control over the system they are embedded in and make them attractive modulators for diverse applications. In the last decades, many classes of photoswitches
- relative position of the absorption bands in the azobenzene derivatives depends on the substitution pattern on the aromatic rings, which can act as a handle to affect the absorption properties of the compound class [3]. For instance, push–pull systems or the introduction of tetra-ortho substituents were
4-(1-Methylamino)ethylidene-1,5-disubstituted pyrrolidine-2,3-diones: synthesis, anti-inflammatory effect and in silico approaches
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 817–829, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.65
- well as ADMET properties. All compounds satisfied these criteria, indicating favorable oral bioavailability. Molecular docking analysis showed that compounds 5a–e act as ligands for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), especially with Cys200 and Ser242 via hydrogen bonds. In addition, van der Waals
- interactions of these derivatives with the enzyme inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), compared to dexamethasone used as a reference. Furthermore, ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) predictions were performed to assess their drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic properties
- , while density functional theory (DFT) calculations provided insights into their electronic properties, including reactivity and stability. This comprehensive approach, integrating synthesis, biological evaluation, and computational methods, highlights the potential of 4-(1-methylamino)ethylidene-1,5
Synthesis and photoinduced switching properties of C7-heteroatom containing push–pull norbornadiene derivatives
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 807–816, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.64
- variations in the switching properties. However, it is important to note that altering one property typically impacts other characteristics as well [21][22]. In this regard, both the substitution of the NBD periphery to produce push–pull derivatives and the variation of the central scaffold itself have been
- considering the carbon-based scaffold as superior regarding their properties, while also highlighting some unique properties exhibited by heterocyclic derivatives [21]. C7-substituted NBD species have been scarcely investigated in terms of their switching behavior but have been employed as synthetic
- little attention in the literature, with investigations largely limited to forward conversions [35]. Here, we present 2,3-heteroatom-incorporated NBD derivatives and compare their properties with those of previously published isocyclic derivatives. By utilizing push–pull functionalization and
Carbon-rich materials: from polyaromatic molecules to fullerenes and other carbon allotropes
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 798–799, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.62
- their unique electronic and photophysical properties, research in the area of carbon-rich molecules and polyaromatic molecules became explosive in their activity and a numerous new studies and directions have emerged. Because of dramatic expansion and development of these research areas, these molecules
Recent advances in the electrochemical synthesis of organophosphorus compounds
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 770–797, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.61
- presence of air, no product was formed. This finding indicates that iodide salt plays a crucial role in driving the reaction and acts as a catalyst in the reaction process. The electronic properties of the substituents on the compounds influenced the reaction yield. Phenol with the –OMe group produced a
- were obtained using platinum electrodes as the anode and cathode (Scheme 25). Studies showed that CH₃CN performed better than CH₃OH due to its wider electrochemical window and better solubility. The results indicated that the electronic properties of substituents had no significant effect on the yield
Orthogonal photoswitching of heterobivalent azobenzene glycoclusters: the effect of glycoligand orientation in bacterial adhesion
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 736–748, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.57
- –inhibition assay. The measured results were systematically contextualized employing new reference compounds such as the respective homobivalent Man/Man glycocluster. An in-depth study comprising the analysis of the photochromic properties and the potential as inhibitors of bacterial adhesion of the synthetic
- scaffold molecules, respectively [14][15], – differing inhibitory properties in carbohydrate-specific bacterial adhesion resulted. To further investigate the effect of relative ligand orientation in carbohydrate recognition, we and others have utilized photoswitchable glycoconjugates [16][17][18][19
- states of the bis-azobenzene glycocluster 6βGlc3αMan 1 representing different relative Man/Glc orientations. In order to put the biological properties of the previously described photoswitchable heterobivalent cluster glycoside 6βGlc3αMan 1 [24] into perspective, several relevant analogs were synthesized
Synthesis of HBC fluorophores with an electrophilic handle for covalent attachment to Pepper RNA
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 727–735, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.56
- , however, there was no complementary RNA-based tool with comparable live-cell-imaging properties. Based on the autocatalytically generated fluorophore 4-(p-hydroxybenzylidene)imidazolidin-5-one (HBI) in GFP, in vitro selection on derivatives of HBI led to the discovery of the first fluorogen-activating
Acyclic cucurbit[n]uril bearing alkyl sulfate ionic groups
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 717–726, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.55
- supramolecular chemistry involves the synthesis of macrocyclic hosts and studies of their molecular recognition properties. The most widely studied macrocyclic host systems include those created entirely by covalent bonds (crown ethers, cyclodextrins, calixarenes, cyclophanes, pillararenes, cucurbit[n]urils (CB
- sulfate). In this paper, we present the synthesis and molecular recognition properties of a new acyclic CB[n]-type receptor C1 which allows us to disentangle these two effects. Results and Discussion This results and discussion section is organized as follows: First, we present the design, synthesis, and
- spectroscopic characterization of C1 along with determination of its inherent aqueous solubility and self-association properties. Next, we present the X-ray crystal structure of C1 as its C1·Me6CHDA complex. Subsequently, we describe a qualitative investigation of C1·guest and M1·guest complexation by 1H NMR
Origami with small molecules: exploiting the C–F bond as a conformational tool
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 680–716, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.54
- stereoelectronic effects such as hyperconjugation and electrostatic attraction/repulsion. These fluorine-derived conformational effects have been exploited to control the shapes, and thereby enhance the properties, of a wide variety of functional molecules including pharmaceutical agents, liquid crystals
- upon whether the 1,2-difluoro stereochemistry is threo or erythro. For example, the diastereoisomeric difluorinated stearic acids 14 and 15 (Figure 3) are found to have very different physical properties [28]. When deposited into a monolayer above a water phase, the threo-isomer 14 occupies a small
- attached to every carbon of an alkyl chain (e.g., II, Figure 4), then a structure results that is conceptually intermediate between alkanes and perfluoroalkanes. Such structures, dubbed “multivicinal fluoroalkanes”, have interesting conformational properties that are dependent upon the stereochemistry [39
Photochemically assisted synthesis of phenacenes fluorinated at the terminal benzene rings and their electronic spectra
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 670–679, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.53
- significantly affects their electronic features as well as molecular and crystalline structures [30][31][32]. For example, the fluorination of oligoacene frameworks manipulates their electronic properties as well as their solid-state packing motifs [33][34][35][36]. The most pronounced example is that pentacene
- - and 13-fluoropicene, formed dimeric structures through intermolecular F∙∙∙H contacts and behaved as p-channel semiconductors. By contrast, little information is available about the effects of polyfluorination on the physical properties and structures of phenacenes. It is expected that polyfluorination
- under examination. Theoretical analyses Quantum chemical studies were performed to understand the electronic spectral behavior of the F8-phenacenes. The calculation level at B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) [52] was chosen because the B3LYP functional qualitatively reproduced the experimental properties of some fused
Asymmetric synthesis of fluorinated derivatives of aromatic and γ-branched amino acids via a chiral Ni(II) complex
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 659–669, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.52
- modify a series of peptide and protein-related properties such as stability, specificity, and folding. In this regard, fluorinated amino acids are particularly important. Incorporation of fluorinated groups into the sequence of peptides and proteins can, for instance, regulate the respective
- hydrophobicity, alter the folding properties, and improve cell permeability [3][4][5]. Despite the evidence that unnatural amino acids play a significant role in the mentioned areas, synthesizing these building blocks can still be a major challenge [6]. A potent strategy in this regard is the utilization of
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