A versatile route towards 6-arylpipecolic acids

• Erich Gebel,
• Cornelia Göcke,
• Carolin Gruner and
• Norbert Sewald

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1104–1115, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.88

• , heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of the enamine with palladium on carbon was chosen. While the hydride reduction of the acyliminium intermediate gave a nearly 1:1 diastereomer ratio, a 9:1 ratio was obtained for the catalytic hydrogenation (Scheme 4). While the hydride reduction of the N-acyliminium

• kinetically controlled diastereofacial selectivity. The resulting diastereomers are separable by chromatography. 1H NMR was used to assign the configuration of the 2 diastereomers [53][54][55]. Carbon C2 is R-configured, as ᴅ-2-aminoadipic acid (1) was employed as the starting material. The minor diastereomer

• evident by an antiperiplanar coupling of the axially positioned H6 with 3J(H6,H5,pro-S) = 11.7 Hz and a gauche coupling with 3J(H6,H5,pro-R) = 3.3 Hz. The major diastereomer, assigned as (2R,6S)-9 was found as a mixture of conformers in solution (Figure 2a). Like for (2R,6R)-9, one conformer of (2R,6S)-9

Recent total synthesis of natural products leveraging a strategy of enamide cyclization

• Chun-Yu Mi,
• Jia-Yuan Zhai and
• Xiao-Ming Zhang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 999–1009, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.81

• cyclization to form products in high yields and excellent enantioselectivities. Notably, only a single diastereomer was produced in each case. The single-crystal X-ray crystallography revealed a cis-configuration for both the alkene and ketone substituents on the enamide, indicating that the intramolecular

Harnessing tethered nitreniums for diastereoselective amino-sulfonoxylation of alkenes

• Shyam Sathyamoorthi,
• Appasaheb K. Nirpal,
• Dnyaneshwar A. Gorve and
• Steven P. Kelley

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 947–954, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.78

• single regioisomer and diastereomer of B was formed (within the limits of 1H NMR detection), attesting to very selective reactivity. Here and in related projects, we found that many I(III) sources could generate a nitrenium ion, including iodosobenzene (PhIO) and iodomesitylene diacetate. However, unless

Cu–Bpin-mediated dimerization of 4,4-dichloro-2-butenoic acid derivatives enables the synthesis of densely functionalized cyclopropanes

• Patricia Gómez-Roibás,
• Andrea Chaves-Pouso and
• Martín Fañanás-Mastral

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 877–883, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.71

• the base metal cation. Gratifyingly, we observed that the use of LiOt-Bu led to the formation of product 2 as a single diastereomer (Table 1, entry 5). A slightly lower diastereoselectivity was observed when KOt-Bu was used, which also gave rise to 2 in diminished yield (Table 1, entry 6). The nature

• cases, with SIPr providing the best result (Table 1, entry 11). Under these optimized conditions, product 2 was isolated in 60% yield as a single diastereomer. The relative configuration of 2 was determined by two-dimensional NMR analysis (see Supporting Information File 1 for details). This

• . However, when the reaction was carried out with KOt-Bu, we observed the selective conversion of 9 into product 20 featuring a different cyclopropane scaffold. Slight modification of the reaction conditions allowed us to obtain product 20 in 56% yield as a single diastereomer (Scheme 5a). Taking advantage

Asymmetric synthesis of β-amino cyanoesters with contiguous tetrasubstituted carbon centers by halogen-bonding catalysis with chiral halonium salt

• Yasushi Yoshida,
• Maho Aono,
• Takashi Mino and
• Masami Sakamoto

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 547–555, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.43

• , the reaction catalyzed by only 1 mol % of iodonium salt 9b provided the opposite diastereomer of 17a as the major product compared with that without a catalyst, which revealed the high catalytic activity of our catalyst. Further reaction conditions optimization was conducted using 9a as a catalyst

• amide moiety and with almost no enantioselectivity. Although the addition of a catalytic amount of 9e accelerated the reaction, the same diastereomer of 17b as the major product was obtained as for the reaction without a catalyst, which shows the importance of halonium salt moieties in our catalysts

• % catalyst loading. Although the diastereoselectivity of the products were moderate in most cases, the opposite diastereomer was obtained as the major product compared with reactions without a catalyst. To the best of our knowledge, the present paper is the first to report the asymmetric construction of β

Organocatalytic kinetic resolution of 1,5-dicarbonyl compounds through a retro-Michael reaction

• James Guevara-Pulido,
• Fernando González-Pérez,
• José M. Andrés and
• Rafael Pedrosa

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 473–482, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.34

• a greater or lesser extent, in all the solvents tested except in water (Table 1, entry 19), where the mixture remains unchanged after 100 hours. The enantiomeric ratio of the diastereomer anti-1 depends on the solvent used, with toluene (Table 1, entry 22) providing the best results. Finally

• initially promotes deracemization by rapidly reacting with the enantiomer (3R,4S) of the diastereomer anti-1. Over time, the initial equilibrium is established either because the catalyst begins to react with the syn-diastereomer or because, once the retro-Michael reaction has occurred, the catalyst

• other Michael adducts prepared by reacting with differently activated ketones, the enantiomeric ratio of the isolated anti-diastereomer was excellent (entries 1 and 10–13, Table 5). Interestingly, the method also provides good resolution for Michael adducts 8 and 9 synthesized by reacting keto sulfones

Recent advances in organocatalytic atroposelective reactions

• Henrich Szabados and
• Radovan Šebesta

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 55–121, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.6

Non-covalent organocatalyzed enantioselective cyclization reactions of α,β-unsaturated imines

• Sergio Torres-Oya and
• Mercedes Zurro

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 3221–3255, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.268

• , and with bulky substituents, the reaction did not proceed. Further derivatizations of the products were carried out: firstly, the derivative 35e was reduced using NaBH3CN to obtain 36 as a single diastereomer in a good yield. Next, a hydrolysis of 36 using concentrated sulfuric acid led to the 1,2

Synthesis of extended fluorinated tripeptides based on the tetrahydropyridazine scaffold

• Thierry Milcent,
• Pascal Retailleau,
• Benoit Crousse and
• Sandrine Ongeri

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 3174–3181, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.262

• compounds 7e and 7f, no competition with the NH of the phenylalanine was observed. The corresponding tetrahydropyridazines 7a–f were obtained in moderate to good yields (Scheme 5). Concerning compounds 7e and 7f, each diastereomer of the 1:1 ratio mixture could be isolated after purification by flash silica

• chromatography. With dipeptides 7e and 7f stereoisomerically pure, we next focused our attention on the preparation of novel peptidic structures to perform some conformational analyses. Starting from the methyl ester 7, each diastereomer was engaged in a classical sequence of saponification in the presence of

Advances in the use of metal-free tetrapyrrolic macrocycles as catalysts

• Mandeep K. Chahal

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 3085–3112, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.257

• of the aldol product mixture showed that the reaction mixture contained only a negligible amount (1.9% ee) of the anti-isomer 63a and syn-diastereomer 63b was obtained in the racemic form when 60 was used as an organocatalyst. On the other hand, when using 61, both diastereomers were obtained in

Access to optically active tetrafluoroethylenated amines based on [1,3]-proton shift reaction

• Yuta Kabumoto,
• Eiichiro Yoshimoto,
• Bing Xiaohuan,
• Masato Morita,
• Motohiro Yasui,
• Shigeyuki Yamada and
• Tsutomu Konno

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2776–2783, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.233

• diastereomers 12 and 13 are often easily separable, and each diastereomer of optically active alcohols or amines can be obtained with an excellent optical purity (reactions 3 and 4 in Scheme 1). To the best of our knowledge, these are the only four works for the preparation of optically active substances having

Synthesis of fluoroalkenes and fluoroenynes via cross-coupling reactions using novel multihalogenated vinyl ethers

• Yukiko Karuo,
• Keita Hirata,
• Atsushi Tarui,
• Kazuyuki Sato,
• Kentaro Kawai and
• Masaaki Omote

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2691–2703, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.226

• mixture of diastereomers (diastereomer ratio = 1:1) for cross-coupling, and the corresponding compounds 2 and 3 were obtained as mixtures of diastereomers in a certain ratio as estimated by proton and fluorine NMR spectroscopy. Substrate scope for cross-coupling reactions The substrate scope was

The scent gland composition of the Mangshan pit viper, Protobothrops mangshanensis

• Jonas Holste,
• Paul Weldon,
• Donald Boyer and
• Stefan Schulz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2644–2654, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.222

• diastereomers were then subjected to silver nitrate column chromatography to separate the geometric isomers. This separation was only partially achieved (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S10), but one diastereomer was enriched and the sample was subjected to NOESY NMR experiments. Coupling was observed

• between H-5 (4.82 ppm) and C-6-methyl (1.66 ppm) (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S11) for the minor compound eluting earlier in GC, indicating that both hydrogen atoms are close together and that the double bond has a Z-configuration. The other diastereomer showed no coupling between H-5 (4.84 ppm

• ) and C-6-methyl (1.56 ppm) and was assigned as the E-diastereomer. This assignment is further supported by the 13C NMR spectra. The major diastereomer shows C-7 at 39.7 ppm, a typical value for (E)-configured aliphatic chains with allylmethyl groups [29], while the (Z)-isomers show values around 30 ppm

Hypervalent iodine-mediated cyclization of bishomoallylamides to prolinols

• Smaher E. Butt,
• Konrad Kepski,
• Jean-Marc Sotiropoulos and
• Wesley J. Moran

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2455–2460, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.209

• one diastereomer of 7q was formed (Scheme 4). This result is in accordance with the calculated mechanism. The more electron-rich trisubstituted alkene 3r reacted directly with Selectfluor leading to a tertiary carbocation which was trapped by acetonitrile in a Ritter-type process to generate bisamide

Facile preparation of fluorine-containing 2,3-epoxypropanoates and their epoxy ring-opening reactions with various nucleophiles

• Yutaro Miyashita,
• Sae Someya,
• Tomoko Kawasaki-Takasuka,
• Tomohiro Agou and
• Takashi Yamazaki

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2421–2433, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.206

• –11). The stereostructure of the products was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis using the minor diastereomer of 3bd, nicely separated from the major isomer by recrystallization, and the major product 4ba. As was our expectation, these compounds [49] possess the anti relationship between the

• . If the in situ conversion of anti,syn-7a to anti,syn-7b follows the above ester alcohol exchange mechanism, employment of dibenzyl malonate should afford a single compound. This is actually the case and the expected dihydrofuran anti,syn-7c was obtained in 53% yield as a 98:2 diastereomer mixture

• . However, the comparison of their specific region of the 13C NMR charts and sharp peaks readily led us to qualitative understanding of the high purity of 11a-D possibly as a single diastereomer (Figure 3). Conclusion As described above, we have succeeded in the facile preparation of 2,3-epoxyesters 2 with

Natural resorcylic lactones derived from alternariol

• Joachim Podlech

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2171–2207, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.187

• /spot [260], affected seedling growth of amaranth and lettuce [261], and exhibited moderate activity against Bacillus subtilis (IC50 value of 50.3 µM) [210] and Staphylococcus aureus (3.6 mm inhibition zone at 250 µg/mL) [138]. The 2-epi diastereomer of altenuene was isolated from Alternaria alternata

• amaranth and lettuce and turned out to be antifungal against Alternaria brassicicola with an MIC value of 125 µg/mL [261]. A further diastereomer 3-epi-altenuene (57) was isolated from Alternaria sp. and was given the name ‘4’-epialtenuene’ [147]. Its structure including the relative configuration was

Access to 2-oxoazetidine-3-carboxylic acid derivatives via thermal microwave-assisted Wolff rearrangement of 3-diazotetramic acids in the presence of nucleophiles

• Ivan Lyutin,
• Vasilisa Krivovicheva,
• Grigory Kantin and
• Dmitry Dar’in

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1894–1899, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.164

• yield (78% vs 96%) was observed upon scaling up. In the case of products with two stereogenic centers (3r–t), the formation of a single trans-diastereomer was observed. According to literature data, the vicinal coupling constants in the 3,4-disubsituted β-lactam cycle have characteristic values for the

Harnessing unprotected deactivated amines and arylglyoxals in the Ugi reaction for the synthesis of fused complex nitrogen heterocycles

• Javier Gómez-Ayuso,
• Pablo Pertejo,
• Tomás Hermosilla,
• Israel Carreira-Barral,
• Roberto Quesada and
• María García-Valverde

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1758–1766, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.154

• reaction took place with a α,3-like relative configuration on the major diastereomer, similar to that obtained for the Ugi/Staudinger/aza-Wittig sequence and complementary to that observed for the Ugi/reduction/cyclization sequence (see Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2). With the aim of building

• assayed in our group. Under these conditions, the bis-1,4-benzodiazepines 7 resulting from the reaction of the amino group with the imine on the benzodiazepine were obtained as a single diastereomer. On the basis of the preferred conformation for the 1,4-benzodiazepin-5-ones 5 and 6 [20][22], where the

• single diastereomer (Scheme 5, Table 3), while N-phenylglycine afforded the enamine derivative 10 (Scheme 6, Table 4). Both structures were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction of compounds 9a and 10a (Figure 2). The diastereoselectivity observed in the hemiaminals and their stability can be

Syntheses and medicinal chemistry of spiro heterocyclic steroids

• Laura L. Romero-Hernández,
• Ana Isabel Ahuja-Casarín,
• Penélope Merino-Montiel,
• Sara Montiel-Smith,
• José Luis Vega-Báez and
• Jesús Sandoval-Ramírez

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1713–1745, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.152

• activity. Synthesizing spiro heterocyclic steroids entails numerous methodologies. Although the inherent stereochemistry of steroids sometimes facilitates the production of a single diastereomer without the need for chiral auxiliaries, nevertheless, their synthesis remains challenging due to the creation

Ring opening of photogenerated azetidinols as a strategy for the synthesis of aminodioxolanes

• Henning Maag,
• Daniel J. Lemcke and
• Johannes M. Wahl

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1671–1676, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.148

• have indicated the unique role of the benzhydryl group for azetidinol reactivity [32][33][34]. To our delight, 3l cleanly underwent ring opening via hemiketal 10 to deliver dioxolane 11 as a single diastereomer in 93% yield (Scheme 3b). With this result at hand, we tested several other carbonyls known

Rapid construction of tricyclic tetrahydrocyclopenta[4,5]pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine via isocyanide-based multicomponent reaction

• Xiu-Yu Chen,
• Ying Han,
• Jing Sun and
• Chao-Guo Yan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1436–1443, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.126

• the three-component reaction of methyl propiolate, cinnamaldehyde and arylamines. The results are summarized in Table 3. It should be pointed out that TLC analysis and 1H NMR spectra of the crude products usually indicated that only one diastereomer was predominately produced in the reaction even

Computation-guided scaffold exploration of 2E,6E-1,10-trans/cis-eunicellanes

• Zining Li,
• Sana Jindani,
• Volga Kojasoy,
• Teresa Ortega,
• Erin M. Marshall,
• Khalil A. Abboud,
• Sandra Loesgen,
• Dean J. Tantillo and
• Jeffrey D. Rudolf

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1320–1326, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.115

• from bacteria and forms albireticulene (2), a C1 diastereomer of 1 that also features the 2E alkene [7]. Two coral enzymes, BaTC-2 and EcTPS1, were found to form klysimplexin R (3), a 2Z-cis-eunicellane [8][9]. Recently, a third bacterial version, MicA, was identified as producing the 2Z-trans

(Bio)isosteres of ortho- and meta-substituted benzenes

• H. Erik Diepers and
• Johannes C. L. Walker

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 859–890, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.78

• with subsequent reduction of the olefin motif respectively. In contrast to the approach of Mykhailiuk, this route yields the exo-1,5-BCHs as the major diastereomer. 1,5-BCH (±)-64 and 1,5-BCH (±)-71 were prepared as bioisosteres of the fungicides fluxapyroxad and boscalid, respectively [45]. Comparison

• planarity. Brown and co-workers prepared the [2]-ladderanes via a multistep sequence from diene 147 including an intramolecular [2 + 2] cycloaddition (to (±)-148) and a Wolff rearrangement (to (±)-150) (Scheme 16A) [63]. This approach yielded predominantly the endo diastereomer of trans-[2]-ladderanes 150

Skeletal rearrangement of 6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-4-ols promoted by thionyl chloride or Appel conditions

• Martyn Jevric,
• Julian Klepp,
• Johannes Puschnig,
• Oscar Lamb,
• Christopher J. Sumby and
• Ben W. Greatrex

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 823–829, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.74

• separated by 0.21 ppm. In the 13C NMR spectrum of 11a–f, a ≈10 ppm upfield shift for the chloroacetal was seen to δ ≈92 ppm from the C5 acetal present in the starting materials. Only a single diastereomer was formed for all 3,3-disubstituted rearrangement products due to the hindrance on the endo-face, with

Evaluation of the enantioselectivity of new chiral ligands based on imidazolidin-4-one derivatives

• Jan Bartáček,
• Karel Chlumský,
• Jan Mrkvička,
• Lucie Paloušová,
• Miloš Sedlák and
• Pavel Drabina

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 684–691, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.62

• IIIa,b led to a lower reaction rate compared to their pyridine counterparts. However, the cis diastereomer (IIIb) showed significantly enhanced enantioselectivity compared to its equivalent pyridine-based ligand with the same configuration (see Supporting Information File 1, part S5). This change from