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Search for "interaction" in Full Text gives 1205 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry. Showing first 200.
Nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling of 2-fluorobenzofurans with arylboronic acids via aromatic C–F bond activation
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 146–154, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.8
- successfully synthesize a range of 2-arylbenzofurans with various substituents. The reaction, which proceeded under mild conditions, involved β-fluorine elimination from nickelacyclopropanes formed by the interaction of 2-fluorobenzofurans with zero-valent nickel species. This protocol facilitates orthogonal
- -arylbenzofuran 3ab (Table 2, entry 4) compared to that of 1a (X = F, quant.). The strong interaction between fluorine and boron in H likely facilitates β-fluorine elimination and transmetallation. Thus, the considerably different result observed with 1a is attributed to the distinct mechanistic aspects of the
Cu(OTf)2-catalyzed multicomponent reactions
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 122–145, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.7
- begins with a nucleophilic attack of hydrazine on the aldehyde, activated by the copper salt, to give the corresponding hydrazone XXVIII. Subsequently, the formation of a Mannich-type intermediate XXIX was hypothesized by interaction between the hydrazone and the alkene mediated by Cu(OTf)2 coordination
Recent advances in organocatalytic atroposelective reactions
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 55–121, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.6
- , previous findings from the literature, and experimental results, a reaction mechanism was proposed [46]. Hydrogen bonding as well as π–π interaction with the catalyst (R)-C22 activates both substrates in the stable intermediate Int-35. This stabilized state ensures the concerted control of
- (Scheme 33) [58]. Axially chiral products 106 were prepared in very high yields and exquisite enantiomeric purities. The presence of a methyl group in the aniline ring's ortho position proved to have a negative effect on the enantioselectivity, presumably due to the unfavorable steric interaction with the
- between the ketomalonate and organocatalyst Int-68 were shown as the pivotal interaction that formed the chiral pocket for the induction of chirality. Nucleophilic addition followed by rearomatization of the pyrrole ring and protonation of the oxygen forms the axially chiral arylpyrrole 237. The
Hot shape transformation: the role of PSar dehydration in stomatocyte morphogenesis
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 47–54, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.5
- , Figures S13 and S14 showing a signal decrease with increased temperature, demonstrating a decrease of interaction with the solvent D2O. After replacing PEG with PSar in the self-assembled structures we also show that the osmotic pressure can be induced by PSar in similar fashion as with PEG. Hence
Reactivity of hypervalent iodine(III) reagents bearing a benzylamine with sulfenate salts
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 3281–3289, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.272
- ]; (ii) the incorporation of the iodine atom in the 5-membered heterocycle [10]; and (iii) the trans effect, due to the interaction of the hypervalent bonds established by the axial ligands, where iodine orbitals are shared with both heteroatoms [11]. As a result, benziodoxol(on)es have found application
Efficient synthesis of fluorinated triphenylenes with enhanced arene–perfluoroarene interactions in columnar mesophases
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 3263–3273, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.270
- red-shift of the emission peak. Keywords: arene–perfluoroarene interaction; decafluorobiphenyl; fluorinated triphenylene; fluoroarene nucleophilic substitution; organolithium; Introduction Non-covalent arene–fluoroarene intermolecular interactions [1][2] are drawing increasing attention due to their
- to the stacking distance in the columnar mesophase as measured by wide-angle X-ray scattering. Due to the efficient space filling and fluoroarene polar π-interaction, neighboring F molecules stack in an antiparallel way with a slippering distance of 1.697 Å from each other. Of course, with the
Non-covalent organocatalyzed enantioselective cyclization reactions of α,β-unsaturated imines
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 3221–3255, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.268
- the squaramide moiety and a nucleophile through deprotonation as Brønsted base. On the other hand, a chiral phosphoric acid provides a confined chiral environment where the reactants are approached, activating both the azadiene by interaction with the acidic hydrogen and a dienophile bearing a
- carbamate group by interaction with the oxygen atom of the phosphoryl group. Although recently Rana and co-workers published a review article covering catalytic asymmetric transformations of azadienes [16], there is still room for this review which only focuses on non-covalent organocatalyzed cyclizations
- stepwise mechanism could be also feasible (path b). In the latter, the addition of the alkene to the azadiene is occurring first and leads to an intermediate which then undergoes an intramolecular cyclization to yield product 62f. In both pathways, the hydrogen-bonding interaction between the substrate and
Multicomponent reactions driving the discovery and optimization of agents targeting central nervous system pathologies
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 3151–3173, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.261
- carboxylic building block. The obtained molecules were evaluated for their ability to inhibit β-amyloid aggregation by the interaction with two β‐amyloid peptides, Aβ1‐42 and AβpE3‐42. The aggregation inhibition experiment, which measures the decrease of fluorescence, was carried out with the thioflavin T
Hypervalent iodine-mediated intramolecular alkene halocyclisation
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 3113–3133, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.258
- from interaction with the HVI, that is then attacked by the alkene. While the fluoroamination of alkenes to form 4-membered azetidines has not been reported, an exo fluorocyclisation to form 3-membered aziridines with an adjacent fluorine was reported by Jacobsen in 2018 (Scheme 9) [34]. The synthesis
- activated after coordination to PhI(OAc)2, then intramolecular nucleophilic attack from oxygen and nucleophilic attack by bromide forms the final product. NMR studies of PIDA and the substrate indicated that there was no interaction between them, thereby discounting this second pathway and thereby providing
Enantioselective regiospecific addition of propargyltrichlorosilane to aldehydes catalyzed by biisoquinoline N,N’-dioxide
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 3069–3076, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.255
- prevent a direct Si–N interaction. From Rprop, the amine group of N,N-diisopropylethylamine abstracts the H1 proton with a barrier of 14.2 kcal/mol to form an intermediate (IN1). The intermediate IN1 is unstable (endergonic by 14.0 kcal/mol) and will immediately stabilize to another intermediate (IN2
- ) which is 1.2 kcal/mol lower in energy than IN1. The IN1→IN2 transformation is driven by the redistribution of the negative charge on C1 in IN1. In particular, the Mulliken charge on C1 reduces from −0.77e to −0.66e and the charge on C3 increases from −0.43e to −0.55e and facilitate Coulombic interaction
Cyclodextrin-based rotaxanes for polymer materials: challenge on simultaneous realization of inexpensive production and defined structures
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 3026–3049, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.252
- molecule a good host molecule that interacts with guest molecules via hydrophobic interactions. To maximize the host–guest hydrophobic interaction, suitable guest molecules for CDs generally fit well with their cavity sizes. Put differently, α-CD fits well with a linear aliphatic chain, β-CD does with a
- first example of the synthesis of CD-based rotaxanes was reported by Ogino in 1981 (Scheme 1A) [36]. The hydrophobic interaction between the α-CD cavity and the alkyl chain of α,ω-diaminoalkane yielded the inclusion complex structure, and the ligand exchange between the amino groups on the axle ends and
- , or 24 methylene units as the axle component. The results revealed that the weakened hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction by PMα-CD was the key to the formation of rotaxane molecules with an odd number of wheel components as well as their much lower yields than the native-CD-based rotaxanes
Advances in radical peroxidation with hydroperoxides
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2959–3006, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.249
- presented in 2011 (Scheme 16) [58]. The corresponding peroxides 40 were isolated in good yields. Probably, the interaction of dinitrile 39 with Cu(II) salt leads to complex A, which reacts with the tert-butylperoxy radical B to form the target peroxide 40 and Cu(I). TBHP is reduced with Cu(I) into tert
- of hydrogen atom from TBHP with radical A. The interaction of hydrogen donors (R–H) with radical A or B generates C-centered radical C. Then two ways of reaction proceeding are possible: the interaction of alkene 99 with C-centered radical C or with tert-butylperoxy radical B leads to the formation
The charge transport properties of dicyanomethylene-functionalised violanthrone derivatives
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2921–2930, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.244
- contributed to a lower intermolecular π–π interaction and, therefore, lower μh (3.62 × 10−6 cm2 V−1 s−1) compared to the previously reported 2a (4.93 × 10−5 cm2 V−1 s−1) [30]. Conclusion Violanthrone derivatives represent a promising group of semiconductor materials for organic electronics. It has been shown
N-Glycosides of indigo, indirubin, and isoindigo: blue, red, and yellow sugars and their cancerostatic activity
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2840–2869, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.240
- steric demand of the isatin moiety and the α-anomeric form would result in a disfavorable 1,3-diaxial interaction between the isatin and the formyl group located at carbons C-1 and C-3, respectively. Deprotection with ammonia afforded the deprotected glucoside β-24a in anomerically pure form. Following
Investigation of a bimetallic terbium(III)/copper(II) chemosensor for the detection of aqueous hydrogen sulfide
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2818–2826, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.237
- emission spectrum, unlike that observed with the europium(III) analogue. This result suggests potential variations in the luminescence response among terbium(III) analogues and highlights the complexity of the interaction between lanthanide complexes and gaseous H2S, and understanding the nuances of this
- interaction is the focus of our future research studies. Experimental Synthetic materials and methods The Cu2+ ions were sourced from Cu(NO3)2·5H2O (Cat. #1027900250, Sigma-Aldrich). The synthesis of 4-(2-pyridyl)-1,2,3-triazole dipicolinic acid (L) was conducted as previously described [16]. Proton nuclear
- ), anion/sulfur compound (50 µM) and Na2S (15 µM), n = 3. Chemical structure and mode of action of [Tb(DPA-N3)3]3− for detection of H2S(g) [11]. Synthesis of Tb.1. Binding constant determination for the 1:1 host–guest interaction (Tb.1 + Cu2+ ions), determined using supramolecular.org [18]. Supporting
Synthesis and antimycotic activity of new derivatives of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2806–2817, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.236
- Chemistry Department, RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russian Federation 10.3762/bjoc.20.236 Abstract The heterocyclic core of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine was formed in satisfactory yields as a result of the interaction of the readily available 2-aminoimidazole with N-substituted
- acid or pure acetic acid [25][26][27][28][34][35][36]. Within the framework of this study, the primary task was to establish the optimal reaction conditions for the interaction of 2-aminoimidazole (1) with N-phenylmaleimide (2a) (Scheme 1). The choice of the investigated reaction conditions was based
- in the mass spectra were interpreted on the basis of pre-calculated weights (as molecular ions with [M + H]+) for all possible initial, intermediate, and expected interaction products (Table 1). The tentative experiments showed that when toluene or dioxane were used as solvents, the maximum
Copper-catalyzed yne-allylic substitutions: concept and recent developments
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2739–2775, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.232
- chelation interaction between the enolate derived from acyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and copper (Scheme 5, 8a–j). Detailed control experiments indicate that the terminal alkyne moiety is critical and the reaction proceeds through an SN1 mechanism. An outer-sphere nucleophilic attack through copper
- structure precludes stable copper-carbonyl interaction, favoring attack from a less hindered site. Later, Qi and Xu et al. [75] achieved highly enantioselective copper-catalyzed [4 + 1] cyclization of yne-allylic esters and cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyls, achieving remote stereoselective control through copper
Interaction of a pyrene derivative with cationic [60]fullerene in phospholipid membranes and its effects on photodynamic actions
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2732–2738, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.231
- safer control of Vm. Keywords: liposome; π–π interaction; reactive oxygen species; superoxide radical anion; Introduction The [60]fullerene (C60) is known as an excellent electron acceptor [1][2] and is commonly used in organic solar cell applications [3]. Taking advantage of the fact that C60 can be
- physiologically relevant media [15]. The interaction between catC60 and PyBA in the liposomes was assessed by the fluorescence spectra of PyBA in catC60-lip [16]. The catC60-lip containing catC60 at 0, 5.4, and 54 µM were mixed with PyBA (50 µM) in PBS(–), and the fluorescence spectra were measured. As shown in
- interaction of catC60 with PyBA in the DMPC liposome membrane. We anticipated some effect of PyBA on the photoinduced generation of ROS by catC60 due to such interaction within the liposome membrane. To investigate such effects, we employed an electron spin resonance (ESR) spin-trapping method to evaluate the
Synthesis of spiroindolenines through a one-pot multistep process mediated by visible light
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2722–2731, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.230
- argon atmosphere to prevent the interaction of oxygen or reactive oxygen intermediates, which are not always compatible with the substrates, as well as the key intermediates. Moreover, BrCCl3 and its reduced form (chloroform) can be easily removed from the reaction mixture thanks to their low boiling
5th International Symposium on Synthesis and Catalysis (ISySyCat2023)
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2704–2707, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.227
- time-consuming, complex, and expensive. Consequently, it is of utmost interest to immobilize them for reuse but without affecting their catalytic activity. The main factors discussed were the type of support, immobilization, and interaction between the support and the organocatalyst. The particular
Computational design for enantioselective CO2 capture: asymmetric frustrated Lewis pairs in epoxide transformations
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2668–2681, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.224
- colleagues [1]. These compounds, which feature a Lewis acid (LA) and a Lewis base (LB), whose interaction is hindered by bulky substituents or chain strain, have garnered significant attention. Initially explored for their ability to trap small molecules [2][3], such as H2 [4], CO2 [5][6][7], N2O [8][9], and
- H2 over CO2 becomes crucial for effective CO2 reduction [7]. Additionally, the strength of the interaction between the catalyst and the resulting system after hydride transfer presents a limitation. The formation of a robust LA–oxygen interaction may impede proton transfer to the basic oxygen atom
- performance, for example, the reaction rate, is displayed as a function of the catalyst–substrate interaction, for example, the adsorption energy when considering a heterogeneous catalyst (Figure 1A). The resulting plot exhibits a volcano-like shape consisting of at least two slopes with the best-performing
Deciphering the mechanism of γ-cyclodextrin’s hydrophobic cavity hydration: an integrated experimental and theoretical study
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2635–2643, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.221
- (Figure 1B and C). Hydrated γ-CD Hydration and interaction with water (sequential binding of water molecules to the CD cavity) The γ-CD cavity was scanned for spots/sites with enhanced binding affinity for the incoming water molecules: γ-CD hydrates containing one to seven water molecules bound at various
- cyclodextrin host, in contrast to β-CD where their interaction with the inner walls of the CD can be neglected and therefore does not contribute to the stabilization of water complexes. As a result of this different bonding, water molecules from γ-CD are released upon annealing in 2–3 successive stages
Applications of microscopy and small angle scattering techniques for the characterisation of supramolecular gels
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2608–2634, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.220
- of interaction available to AFM to probe the surface topology. The simplest is constant-height mode, wherein the sample is scanned with the cantilever at a constant height while measuring the deflection. Constant-height mode may result in large deflections and lead to sample damage by inducing
Efficient modification of peroxydisulfate oxidation reactions of nitrogen-containing heterocycles 6-methyluracil and pyridine
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2599–2607, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.219
- )sulfate ions, thus enabling activated A or B particles to attack the substrate molecule, resulting in the intermediate σ-complex C. A like particle B [Pc–Me–Oδ−–Oδ+–SO3−] has been previously described in [33]. The formation of particle B is possible via the interaction of the catalyst PcM with the SO52
- generate sulfate anion radicals (SO4•−) [42] during their interaction with sulfate anions. This reaction occurs at a significant rate (k = 3.1∙108 min−1) [43] and leads to the recombination of peroxydisulfate in the reaction mixture. It has been demonstrated that the efficiency of peroxydisulfate
Base-promoted cascade recyclization of allomaltol derivatives containing an amide fragment into substituted 3-(1-hydroxyethylidene)tetronic acids
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2585–2591, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.217
- nucleophiles and open access to a large array of substituted pyridin-4-ones. Various conditions and reagents employed for these transformations are presented in numerous papers [24][25][26][27][28][29]. Besides that, approaches to the synthesis of pyridazinones and pyrazoles based on the interaction of 3
- present communication we have studied the recyclization of amide-containing allomaltol derivatives 3 under action of CDI (Scheme 1B). In this case, the interaction also leads to substituted tetronic acids 4. Wherein, in contrast to related hydrazide derivatives 1 the considered process can be realized
- fragments and hydrogen bonds leads to the alteration in chemical behavior. Based on the aforementioned stability of tetronic acids 4 toward action of MeOH we supposed that various derivatives at the hydroxyethylidene group can be synthesized. For example, interaction of compound 4a with hydrazine in
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