Oxidative hydrolysis of aliphatic bromoalkenes: scope study and reactivity insights

• Amol P. Jadhav and
• Claude Y. Legault

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1286–1291, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.111

• substituted substrate which resulted in a low yield of the desired product. Also, this method involved using a stoichiometric amount of HTIB for the transformation. α-Haloketones are 1,2-difunctionalized synthons which are very versatile and essential building blocks for their role in the synthesis of

• future for the α-acetamidation of dialkyl bromoalkenes. The present work provides an operationally simple catalytic method to access a diverse range of α-bromoketones, which are versatile building blocks for synthesizing various important hetero aromatics. (a) Oxidative hydrolysis of styrene or stilbene

Domino reactions of chromones with activated carbonyl compounds

• Peter Langer

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1256–1269, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.108

• ) allow for the synthesis of complex products with formation of several bonds in only one step [1][2][3][4][5]. In contrast to non-activated acetone (1a), methylene-active compounds, such as 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, are of considerable relevance as building blocks in domino reactions (Scheme 1). For

• phosphoranes were less studied in my group. Chromones are oxygen heterocycles which are of pharmacological interest and represent versatile synthetic building blocks which can undergo various types of domino reactions [24][25][26][27][28]. In 2001, Nehad N. R. Saleh in my group developed a new synthesis of

• building blocks is their dense functionalization in combination with their (commercial) availability. On the other hand, highly substituted or functionalized chromones have to be prepared in multi-step syntheses. In general, the substitution pattern of the chromone does not seem to have a great influence

Light on the sustainable preparation of aryl-cored dibromides

• Fabrizio Roncaglia,
• Alberto Ughetti,
• Nicola Porcelli,
• Biagio Anderlini,
• Andrea Severini and
• Luca Rigamonti

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1076–1087, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.95

• significant importance as reactive building blocks in polymer and materials chemistry. Their preparation primarily relies on established synthetic methods using molecular bromine or N-bromosuccinimide, known for their reliability and effectiveness. However, from a sustainability perspective, these methods

• ][51]. Based on a SciFinder® survey, we came to realise that a small number of aryl-cored dibromides, which can be derived from xylenes (1, 2, 3) or mesitylene (4, Figure 3), play a predominant role as building blocks for the construction of functional materials and/or polymeric architectures. Some

• building blocks for polymer and materials chemists, offering improved sustainability compared to standard methodologies. Experimental General Solvents and reagents were commercial grade and used as received. 1H NMR spectra were acquired with a Bruker Avance 400 spectrometer (Billerica, MA, USA). The

Structure–property relationships in dicyanopyrazinoquinoxalines and their hydrogen-bonding-capable dihydropyrazinoquinoxalinedione derivatives

• Tural N. Akhmedov,
• Ajeet Kumar,
• Daken J. Starkenburg,
• Kyle J. Chesney,
• Khalil A. Abboud,
• Novruz G. Akhmedov,
• Jiangeng Xue and
• Ronald K. Castellano

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1037–1052, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.92

• electronic structures of both families which is related to the optical properties studied in solution. Results and Discussion Synthesis of DCPQs and DPQDs Compounds 12 and 13 are two major building blocks to obtain dicyanopyrazinoquinoxalines (DCPQs) 1a–7a. The synthesis proceeded through highly scalable

• building blocks 1,2-aceanthrylenedione and 12, as detailed in Table S1 (Supporting Information File 1). However, an inseparable unknown impurity was observed along with the desired product 3a in all cases when analyzed by 1H NMR. Under strict temperature and time control (80 °C for 72 hours) using 2.5

Carbonylative synthesis and functionalization of indoles

• Alex De Salvo,
• Raffaella Mancuso and
• Xiao-Feng Wu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 973–1000, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.87

• vinyl propargylic esters could be employed as five-carbon atom building blocks in [5 + 2] cycloadditions with alkynes or alkenes by carbene intermediates. Starting from those results they envisaged the benzannulation of heteroaryl propargylic esters favored by CO [44]. The process led to the desired

• organic building blocks and pharmaceutical compounds. In this context, given the importance of indoles, in 2011, the groups by Lei and Li independently reported the C–H alkoxycarbonylation of indole derivatives [66][67]. In addition, Lei and co-workers also reported the N–H alkoxycarbonylation [66]. Both

Enhancing structural diversity of terpenoids by multisubstrate terpene synthases

• Min Li and
• Hui Tao

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 959–972, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.86

• broad range of bioactivities [2][3]. Despite their stunning diversity, all terpenes are biosynthetically derived from two general isomeric C5 building blocks, dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP, 1) and isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP, 2), via the mevalonate (MVA) or methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP

• irregular C6 (91–95), C7 (96–100), and C8 diphosphates (101), which could serve as building blocks for the generation of new terpenoids [51] (Figure 7). Furthermore, a series of noncanonical C11, C12, C16, and C17 prenyl substrates were synthesized in Escherichia coli harboring heterologously expressed IPP

• [58]. Selcted SpSodMT variants provided ten C16 building blocks, including 103, plymuthenyl diphosphate (104), thorvaldsenyl diphosphate (105), weylandtenyl diphosphate (106), blixenyl diphosphate (107), kimlarsenyl diphosphate (108), serratinyl diphosphate (109), jacobsenyl diphosphate (110

Innovative synthesis of drug-like molecules using tetrazole as core building blocks

• Jingyao Li,
• Ajay L. Chandgude,
• Qiang Zheng and
• Alexander Dömling

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 950–958, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.85

• introduced from their nitrile precursors through late-stage functionalization. In this work, we propose a novel strategy involving the use of diversely protected, unprecedented tetrazole aldehydes as building blocks. This approach facilitates the incorporation of the tetrazole group into multicomponent

• reactions or other chemistries, aiding in the creation of a variety of complex, drug-like molecules. These innovative tetrazole building blocks are efficiently and directly synthesized using a Passerini three-component reaction (PT-3CR), employing cost-effective and readily available materials. We further

• showcase the versatility of these new tetrazole building blocks by integrating the tetrazole moiety into various multicomponent reactions (MCRs), which are already significantly employed in drug discovery. This technique represents a unique and complementary method to existing tetrazole synthesis processes

Synthesis and properties of 6-alkynyl-5-aryluracils

• Ruben Manuel Figueira de Abreu,
• Till Brockmann,
• Alexander Villinger,
• Peter Ehlers and
• Peter Langer

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 898–911, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.80

• -coupling; fluorescence; heterocycles; regioselectivity; Introduction Organic life is a complex interplay of many different building blocks. One of these building blocks is uracil. Discovered for the first time in 1901 by Alberto Ascoli, it is now known to be one of the four nucleobases of RNA [1]. It

(Bio)isosteres of ortho- and meta-substituted benzenes

• H. Erik Diepers and
• Johannes C. L. Walker

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 859–890, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.78

• the goal of this review but a number of pertinent examples will be highlighted (Figure 28). Bridge-substituted trisubstituted BCPs are potentially powerful building blocks offering unique substituent geometries for medicinal chemistry. A limited number of routes are available to these structures. Qin

Confirmation of the stereochemistry of spiroviolene

• Yao Kong,
• Yuanning Liu,
• Kaibiao Wang,
• Tao Wang,
• Chen Wang,
• Ben Ai,
• Hongli Jia,
• Guohui Pan,
• Min Yin and
• Zhengren Xu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 852–858, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.77

• originated from two key C5 building blocks, namely isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP), which are biosynthesized via either the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway or the mevalonic acid (MVA) pathway by using the primary metabolites. Different numbers of IPP and DMAPP

Skeletal rearrangement of 6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-4-ols promoted by thionyl chloride or Appel conditions

• Martyn Jevric,
• Julian Klepp,
• Johannes Puschnig,
• Oscar Lamb,
• Christopher J. Sumby and
• Ben W. Greatrex

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 823–829, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.74

• reports of Karban et al. (Scheme 2) [19]. We envisaged that these hexose-derived building blocks with a 2,5-anhydro bond such as 5 could be useful materials for the construction of C-nucleosides such as formycin A (Figure 1) [22][23][24]. The preparation of C-glycosides usually involves the creation of

• levoglucosenone, cyrene and their derivatives, generating a unique set of bicyclic building blocks. Previous work on migration reactions in 6,8-dioxabicyclooctan-4-ols [18]. Mechanism for the rearrangement of 10, and Newman projection and the X-ray structure of 10d projected along the C4–C5 axis. Structures for

Discovery and biosynthesis of bacterial drimane-type sesquiterpenoids from Streptomyces clavuligerus

• Dongxu Zhang,
• Wenyu Du,
• Xingming Pan,
• Xiaoxu Lin,
• Fang-Ru Li,
• Qingling Wang,
• Qian Yang,
• Hui-Min Xu and
• Liao-Bin Dong

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 815–822, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.73

• Terpenoids, encompassing over 11,000 compounds (http://dnp.chemnbase.com), are the most diverse group of natural products found in nature [1]. All terpenoids are biosynthesized from C5 carbon units, which are sourced from the isoprenoid building blocks isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl

SOMOphilic alkyne vs radical-polar crossover approaches: The full story of the azido-alkynylation of alkenes

• Julien Borrel and
• Jerome Waser

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 701–713, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.64

• building blocks bearing two of the most versatile functional groups, allowing a rich panel of functionalization. They have been used as intermediates in numerous syntheses to access bioactive compounds [1][2][3][4] or materials [5][6][7]. In addition, azide reduction affords homopropargylic amines, which

Synthesis of 2,2-difluoro-1,3-diketone and 2,2-difluoro-1,3-ketoester derivatives using fluorine gas

• Alexander S. Hampton,
• David R. W. Hodgson,
• Graham McDougald,
• Linhua Wang and
• Graham Sandford

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 460–469, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.41

• enolization of the monofluoro-diketone intermediates. In addition, imines and α-diboryl ketone derivatives can also be transformed to 2,2-difluoroketones using an N–F electrophilic fluorinating reagent [18]. Alternatively, building blocks containing CF2 units such as ethyl bromodifluoroacetate and

• difluoromethylphenyl sulfoxide offer the possibility of transferring difluoromethylene groups directly into organic systems [19][20][21][22][23][24][25] and there is now a very extensive literature on carbon–carbon bond-forming reactions using these and other difluoromethylated building blocks [3][26][27][28][29][30

(E,Z)-1,1,1,4,4,4-Hexafluorobut-2-enes: hydrofluoroolefins halogenation/dehydrohalogenation cascade to reach new fluorinated allene

• Nataliia V. Kirij,
• Andrey A. Filatov,
• Yurii L. Yagupolskii,
• Sheng Peng and
• Lee Sprague

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 452–459, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.40

• agreement with the published data [23]. The most interesting outcome from our point of view was the formation of 1,1,4,4,4-pentafluorobuta-1,2-diene (11). 1,1-Difluoroallenes are building blocks for a great number of valuable transformations [28]. Therefore, the synthesis of new fluorinated allenes

Synthesis of spiropyridazine-benzosultams by the [4 + 2] annulation reaction of 3-substituted benzoisothiazole 1,1-dioxides with 1,2-diaza-1,3-dienes

• Wenqing Hao,
• Long Wang,
• Jinlei Zhang,
• Dawei Teng and
• Guorui Cao

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 280–286, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.29

• ][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27], which can be readily generated in situ from α-halogeno hydrazones, have been extensively applied in recent years as versatile building blocks in inverse-electron-demand Diels–Alder (IEDDA) reactions [28][29][30] to construct diverse nitrogen-containing heterocycles

Nucleophilic functionalization of thianthrenium salts under basic conditions

• Xinting Fan,
• Duo Zhang,
• Xiangchuan Xiu,
• Bin Xu,
• Yu Yuan,
• Feng Chen and
• Pan Gao

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 257–263, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.26

• ][5][6][7][8][9][10] have been extensively utilized as readily accessible synthetic building blocks in organic synthesis, particularly in the ipso-functionalization of C–S bonds. Of the sulfonium salts, organothianthrenium salts exhibit distinct structural properties and reactivities, thereby offering

Catalytic multi-step domino and one-pot reactions

• Svetlana B. Tsogoeva

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 254–256, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.25

• ; multi-step reactions; multicomponent reactions; one-pot synthesis; organocatalysis; tandem reactions; transition-metal-catalysis; The synthesis of pharmaceutical ingredients, natural products, agrochemicals, ligand systems, and building blocks for materials science has reached a high level of

Optimizations of lipid II synthesis: an essential glycolipid precursor in bacterial cell wall synthesis and a validated antibiotic target

• Milandip Karak,
• Cian R. Cloonan,
• Brad R. Baker,
• Rachel V. K. Cochrane and
• Stephen A. Cochrane

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 220–227, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.22

• analogues through the incorporation of alternative building blocks at different stages of synthesis. Keywords: chemical glycosylation; lipid II; peptidoglycan; polyprenyls; total synthesis; Introduction Lipid II (Figure 1) is an essential bacterial glycolipid involved in peptidoglycan biosynthesis [1]. It

• applications due to their improved solubility in aqueous systems. Assembly is achieved by integrating distinct carbohydrate, peptide, and polyprenyl phosphate building blocks. This modular synthetic method allows for the strategic substitution of constituent building blocks at different synthetic stages and

Multi-redox indenofluorene chromophores incorporating dithiafulvene donor and ene/enediyne acceptor units

• Christina Schøttler,
• Kasper Lund-Rasmussen,
• Line Broløs,
• Philip Vinterberg,
• Ema Bazikova,
• Viktor B. R. Pedersen and
• Mogens Brøndsted Nielsen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 59–73, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.8

• expanded by pyrrolo annelation. The optical and redox properties of these compounds, in some cases carbon-rich, were studied by UV–vis absorption spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Synthetically, the work explores IF diones or fluorenone as central building blocks by subjecting the carbonyl groups to a

• other end of the IF core with electron-accepting moieties. An overview of general motifs targeted in this work is shown in Figure 1. Results and Discussion Synthesis The synthetic building blocks 1–8 used in this work are shown in Figure 2. The dione 1 and the ketones 4 and 6 were synthesized according

• to literature procedures [14][19][20], as were the 1,3-dithiole-2-thiones 2 and 3 [21]. Fluorenone 5 is commercially available. The new building blocks 7 and 8 were prepared according to related literature procedures [21], as described in Supporting Information File 1. Our first objective was to

Cycloaddition reactions of heterocyclic azides with 2-cyanoacetamidines as a new route to C,N-diheteroarylcarbamidines

• Pavel S. Silaichev,
• Tetyana V. Beryozkina,
• Vsevolod V. Melekhin,
• Valeriy O. Filimonov,
• Andrey N. Maslivets,
• Vladimir G. Ilkin,
• Wim Dehaen and
• Vasiliy A. Bakulev

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 17–24, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.3

• -diaminoacrylonitriles 1 and azides 2 can serve as three atom building blocks (Figure 1), affording 5-amino-1,2,3-triazole-4-carbimidamides A (Scheme 1C), which could be suitable precursors for the desired compounds 3. With the starting 3,3-diaminoacrylonitriles 1 and azides 2 at hands they were subjected to the

• and elaboration of a novel tandem process, synthesis of starting building blocks and 21-st target compounds was made by chemistry team and founded by Russian Science Foundation, project number 23-13-00248. The study of cytotoxic effect of 7 compounds was financially supported by the Ministry of

Biphenylene-containing polycyclic conjugated compounds

• Cagatay Dengiz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1895–1911, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.141

• understanding the correlations between structure and electronic properties, as these units serve as fundamental building blocks in graphite and carbon nanotubes [3]. The limited stability of this particular class of PAHs arises as a key challenge, primarily attributed to their extended conjugation. The longer

N-Boc-α-diazo glutarimide as efficient reagent for assembling N-heterocycle-glutarimide diads via Rh(II)-catalyzed N–H insertion reaction

• Grigory Kantin,
• Pavel Golubev,
• Alexander Sapegin,
• Alexander Bunev and
• Dmitry Dar’in

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1841–1848, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.136

• heterocyclic fragment into the glutarimide core, creating potential CRBN ligands and crucial building blocks for assembling PROTACs. In this paper, a more convenient diazo reagent 5 is introduced and its effectiveness in reacting with a broad variety of NH-heterocycles and in providing N-Boc-protected

Substituent-controlled construction of A₄B₂-hexaphyrins and A₃B-porphyrins: a mechanistic evaluation

• Seda Cinar,
• Dilek Isik Tasgin and
• Canan Unaleroglu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1832–1840, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.135

• building blocks in the fields of near-infrared (NIR) dyes [5], nonlinear optical (NLO) materials [2], and photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy [1], however, their synthesis is still a challenge for chemists. Hexaphyrins are one of the most investigated structures among expanded porphyrins owing to

GlAIcomics: a deep neural network classifier for spectroscopy-augmented mass spectrometric glycans data

• Thomas Barillot,
• Baptiste Schindler,
• Baptiste Moge,
• Elisa Fadda,
• Franck Lépine and
• Isabelle Compagnon

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1825–1831, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.134

• building blocks with distinct molecular structures, carbohydrates feature hundreds of building blocks – many of them coming in groups of closely related isomers with ambiguous molecular structures – and they form complex, branched arrangements due to the versatility of the glycosidic bond (position and