Light on the sustainable preparation of aryl-cored dibromides

• Fabrizio Roncaglia,
• Alberto Ughetti,
• Nicola Porcelli,
• Biagio Anderlini,
• Andrea Severini and
• Luca Rigamonti

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1076–1087, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.95

• significant importance as reactive building blocks in polymer and materials chemistry. Their preparation primarily relies on established synthetic methods using molecular bromine or N-bromosuccinimide, known for their reliability and effectiveness. However, from a sustainability perspective, these methods

• process, the residual halogen (if any) can decompose hydrogen peroxide into molecular oxygen (Equation 4) [45]. Over the years, various peroxide-bromide processes have been developed based on this chemistry. In particular, significant attention has been given to the preparation of benzyl (mono)bromides

• %. The aryl-cored bromides featuring both core and side chain halogens (1c, 3c, and 4c of Figure 3) are also of interest for the chemical community. The preparation of these polybromides can be ideally approached with two synthetic strategies: first-benzylic-then-ring or first-ring-then-benzylic

Structure–property relationships in dicyanopyrazinoquinoxalines and their hydrogen-bonding-capable dihydropyrazinoquinoxalinedione derivatives

• Tural N. Akhmedov,
• Ajeet Kumar,
• Daken J. Starkenburg,
• Kyle J. Chesney,
• Khalil A. Abboud,
• Novruz G. Akhmedov,
• Jiangeng Xue and
• Ronald K. Castellano

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1037–1052, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.92

• , 2H), 9.34–9.36 (d, J = 8 Hz, 2H); 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6 + TFA) δ 126.8, 127.8, 136.8, 138.3, 139.0, 147.9, 155.8; HRESIMS: [M + H]+ calcd for C16H8N6O2, 317.0787; found, 317.0776. Chemical structures of H-bonding N-heteroacenes synthesized by Miao et al. and Bunz et al. (a) [22][23]. Preparation

Auxiliary strategy for the general and practical synthesis of diaryliodonium(III) salts with diverse organocarboxylate counterions

• Naoki Miyamoto,
• Daichi Koseki,
• Kohei Sumida,
• Elghareeb E. Elboray,
• Naoko Takenaga,
• Ravi Kumar and
• Toshifumi Dohi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1020–1028, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.90

• are versatile reagents that exhibit a range of reactions, both in the presence and absence of metal catalysts. In this study, we developed efficient synthetic methods for the preparation of aryl(TMP)iodonium(III) carboxylates, by reaction of (diacetoxyiodo)arenes or iodosoarenes with 1,3,5

• compared to trifluoroacetic acid, TfOH, HBF4, and p-TsOH, present a wider substrate scope, including acid-sensitive groups, in the preparation of diaryliodonium(III) salts. While the counterion exchange of diaryliodonium(III) chloride with silver acetate was reported [20], this method required heating

• design diaryliodonium(III) salts including a commercially available and inexpensive auxiliary group to achieve efficient preparation of the salts and a high degree of chemoselectivity for transferring the required aryl group. Electron-rich aryl ligands derived from anisole, mesitylene, and particularly

Innovative synthesis of drug-like molecules using tetrazole as core building blocks

• Jingyao Li,
• Ajay L. Chandgude,
• Qiang Zheng and
• Alexander Dömling

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 950–958, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.85

• the high synthetic value, significant efforts have been devoted to developing methods for the preparation of the tetrazole scaffolds, in particular recently through multicomponent reactions (MCRs) and mostly Ugi and Passerini reactions [7][8][9]. Traditionally, due to its charged nature the tetrazole

One-pot Ugi-azide and Heck reactions for the synthesis of heterocyclic systems containing tetrazole and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline

• Jiawei Niu,
• Yuhui Wang,
• Shenghu Yan,
• Yue Zhang,
• Xiaoming Ma,
• Qiang Zhang and
• Wei Zhang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 912–920, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.81

• tetrazolyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline 8a in 74% isolated yield which is higher than the one-pot Ugi/Hecke reaction to give product 6b (58%). Under the alternative one-pot reaction conditions involving an N-alkylation step, the substrate scope was explored by the preparation of 10 derivatives 8a–j (Scheme

Synthesis and properties of 6-alkynyl-5-aryluracils

• Ruben Manuel Figueira de Abreu,
• Till Brockmann,
• Alexander Villinger,
• Peter Ehlers and
• Peter Langer

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 898–911, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.80

• was performed on Merck Silica gel 60 (particle size 63–200 μm). Solvents for extraction and column chromatography were distilled prior employment. Representative method for the preparation of starting materials 5-Bromo-6-chloro-1,3-dimethyluracil (2). Uracil 1 (22.9 mmol; 4.00 g) was dissolved in

Three-component N-alkenylation of azoles with alkynes and iodine(III) electrophile: synthesis of multisubstituted N-vinylazoles

• Jun Kikuchi,
• Roi Nakajima and
• Naohiko Yoshikai

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 891–897, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.79

• group in the product can be leveraged as a versatile synthetic handle, allowing for the preparation of hitherto inaccessible types of densely functionalized N-vinylazoles. Keywords: alkynes; azoles; cross-coupling; hypervalent iodine; Introduction N-Functionalized azoles are prevalent in bioactive

• natural products and pharmaceutical agents, including antifungal drugs [1][2][3], and hence their selective preparation has attracted considerable attention from the synthetic community. Compared to methods for the de novo construction of azole heterocycles, direct functionalization of the azole N–H bond

• iodonium salts [9], which usually occurs with the retention of the stereochemistry of the vinylating agents (Scheme 1a). Nonetheless, this approach is not necessarily suited for the stereoselective preparation of densely substituted N-vinylazoles because preparing the requisite multisubstituted vinylating

(Bio)isosteres of ortho- and meta-substituted benzenes

• H. Erik Diepers and
• Johannes C. L. Walker

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 859–890, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.78

Activity assays of NnlA homologs suggest the natural product N-nitroglycine is degraded by diverse bacteria

• Kara A. Strickland,
• Brenda Martinez Rodriguez,
• Ashley A. Holland,
• Shelby Wagner,
• Michelle Luna-Alva,
• David E. Graham and
• Jonathan D. Caranto

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 830–840, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.75

• assay as described above. Preparation of NNG and 2-NAE degradation samples Triplicate samples containing 2 mM 2-NAE or 350 µM NNG, 40 µM titanium citrate with or without 20 µM Vs NnlA in deoxygenated 23 mM tricine at pH 7.5 were incubated overnight at 21 °C. Phylogenetic tree Homologs of the Variovorax

Skeletal rearrangement of 6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-4-ols promoted by thionyl chloride or Appel conditions

• Martyn Jevric,
• Julian Klepp,
• Johannes Puschnig,
• Oscar Lamb,
• Christopher J. Sumby and
• Ben W. Greatrex

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 823–829, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.74

• reports of Karban et al. (Scheme 2) [19]. We envisaged that these hexose-derived building blocks with a 2,5-anhydro bond such as 5 could be useful materials for the construction of C-nucleosides such as formycin A (Figure 1) [22][23][24]. The preparation of C-glycosides usually involves the creation of

• , with the exo-hemiacetals favoured due to steric interactions between the substituents and alcohol, while the attempted preparation of 12b led only to complex mixtures (Scheme 2). The products of the reactions were characterised by 1D and 2D NMR, and X-ray crystallography of members from each class was

• 10a–c, preparation of 10d–f, and X-ray structure of 10e. Rearrangement reactions for 10a–f promoted by SOCl2. Reactions of allylic alcohols 15 and 18 with SOCl2. Appel reactions of dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-4-ols 10a,e,f and 15. Some transformations for the skeletal rearrangement products 11a and 12a

Advancements in hydrochlorination of alkenes

• Daniel S. Müller

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 787–814, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.72

• -sensitive substrates. Another challenge, shared with Nicewicz's method [90], is the preparation of arylacridine 159 in a single step from the relatively expensive 9-chloroacridine through Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling with 2-chlorophenylboronic acid. Additionally, for large-scale reactions, a flow reactor is

Synthesis of new representatives of A₃B-type carboranylporphyrins based on meso-tetra(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin transformations

• Victoria M. Alpatova,
• Evgeny G. Rys,
• Elena G. Kononova and
• Valentina A. Ol'shevskaya

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 767–776, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.70

• compounds allowing for the preparation of porphyrins with different reactive groups such as hydroxy and amino derivatives capable for further functionalization and conjugation of these porphyrins to other substrates. In addition, conjugates containing maleimide or biotin entities in the structure of

• )sensitizers that are efficient for both PDT and boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) [27][39]. The preparation of compounds with dual therapeutic efficiency is of great importance since they improve the therapeutic effect of sensitizer by the action on the different cellular sites. Here, we report the

• ][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. In order to prepare boronated PSs of A3B-type the employed synthetic strategy included the preparation of monoazido-substituted tris(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin 2 by the reaction of porphyrin 1 with sodium azide (molar ratio 1:1.9) in DMF at ambient

Chemoenzymatic synthesis of macrocyclic peptides and polyketides via thioesterase-catalyzed macrocyclization

• Senze Qiao,
• Zhongyu Cheng and
• Fuzhuo Li

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 721–733, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.66

• requires effective and economical preparation methods [5]. In the synthesis of these natural products and their analogs, macrocyclization through linear precursors, the key step in the general routes, was typically accomplished via conventional chemical methodologies [6][7], keeps presenting an obstacle

• aforementioned NPRS macrocycles, the synthesis of macrocylic polyketides and PKS/NRPS hybrids is more challenging due to the absence of a streamlined preparation strategy such as solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). In enzymology studies, it was common to hydrolyze the cyclic natural products in order to obtain

• then transformed into aldehyde 31 through several protecting group adjustments and the corresponding alcohol and Ley oxidation. After the preparation of 33 using Evans syn-aldol condensation as a critical step, 34 was produced by thioester formation, desilylation, and allylic oxidation. Incubating 34

New variochelins from soil-isolated Variovorax sp. H002

• Jabal Rahmat Haedar,
• Aya Yoshimura and
• Toshiyuki Wakimoto

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 692–700, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.63

• Information File 1). Preparation of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) derivatives 0.1 mg of 1 or 2 were hydrolyzed with 6 M HCl at 110 °C overnight. The obtained hydrolysates were freeze dried, resuspended in 100 µL of methanol, and then treated with 100 µL of trimethylsilyldiazomethane, and the mixtures were

• held for one minute, increased to 230 °C at a rate of 10 °C/min, and then held at 230 °C for six minutes. Preparation of 2-alkenyl-4,4-dimethyloxazoline (DMOX) fatty acid derivatives 0.2 mg of 3–5 were hydrolyzed with 6 M HCl at 110 °C overnight. The obtained hydrolysates were treated with 250 µL of 2

• library preparation with a Ligation Sequencing Kit (SQK-LSK 109), following the 1D genomic DNA by ligation protocol. The library was applied to a MinION flowcell (FLO MIN106 R9.41revD) operated by the MinKNOW (20.06.9) software, and then processed by Guppy basecaller (4.0.11) in the high accuracy mode. As

Evaluation of the enantioselectivity of new chiral ligands based on imidazolidin-4-one derivatives

• Jan Bartáček,
• Karel Chlumský,
• Jan Mrkvička,
• Lucie Paloušová,
• Miloš Sedlák and
• Pavel Drabina

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 684–691, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.62

• structures for the Henry reaction. The preparation of 5-isopropyl-5-methyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)imidazolidin-4-one derivatives and their application in asymmetric Henry reaction [5]. Asymmetric Henry reactions of various aldehydes with nitromethane catalysed by copper(II) complexes of ligands Ia–c. Asymmetric

Regioselective quinazoline C2 modifications through the azide–tetrazole tautomeric equilibrium

• Dāgs Dāvis Līpiņš,
• Andris Jeminejs,
• Una Ušacka,
• Anatoly Mishnev,
• Māris Turks and
• Irina Novosjolova

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 675–683, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.61

• preparation of 2-chloro-4-sulfonylquinazolines 8 (Scheme 3). The starting material 7 underwent SNAr reactions with sodium sulfinates and the C4-substituted products 8a,b were isolated [24]. The complete conversion was achieved in DMF or DMSO. In the case of sodium dodecylsulfinate, the reaction stopped at 70

A laterally-fused N-heterocyclic carbene framework from polysubstituted aminoimidazo[5,1-b]oxazol-6-ium salts

• Andrew D. Gillie,
• Matthew G. Wakeling,
• Bethan L. Greene,
• Louise Male and
• Paul W. Davies

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 621–627, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.54

• particularly underinvestigated [2][18][19]. In this work we report the preparation of a new L-shaped NHC motif, the 3-aminoimidazo[5,1-b]oxazol-5-ylidene A (shortened hereafter to AImOx), which fuses two π-rich rings and positions a sulfonamide group alongside the metal centre (Figure 1b). We envisaged that

• aminide 7 in good yield on a gram scale (Scheme 1b). With the novel 3-aminoimidazo[5,1-b]oxazol-6-ium salt in hand, we examined its use as an NHC precursor for the preparation of late transition metal complexes. Treating compound 9a with triethylamine and either dimethyl sulfide gold(I) chloride or copper

• support from the Centre for Chemical and Materials Analysis in the School of Chemistry (UoB). We thank the EPSRC UK National Crystallography Service at the University of Southampton for the collection of the crystallographic data for compound 14. [40] We thank Dr Richard Mudd (UoB) for the preparation of

Synthesis and biological profile of 2,3-dihydro[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-b]pyridines, a novel class of acyl-ACP thioesterase inhibitors

• Jens Frackenpohl,
• David M. Barber,
• Guido Bojack,
• Birgit Bollenbach-Wahl,
• Ralf Braun,
• Rahel Getachew,
• Sabine Hohmann,
• Kwang-Yoon Ko,
• Karoline Kurowski,
• Bernd Laber,
• Rebecca L. Mattison,
• Thomas Müller,
• Anna M. Reingruber,
• Dirk Schmutzler and
• Andrea Svejda

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 540–551, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.46

• introducing a nonaromatic motif via preparation of the novel 2,3-dihydro[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-b]pyridines 7. Results and Discussion Although the 2,3-dihydro[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-b]pyridine scaffold looks relatively simple at a first glance, it displays a very different reactivity compared to the parent naphthyridine

• prepare the thiazolo[4,5-b]pyridines using the Friedländer synthesis often being met with failure or disappointingly low product yield [12]. We thus particularly emphasized on upscaling, facile workup, and a robust yield for each step. This was due to the potential need for the preparation of multigram

• conditions to prepare 2,3-dihydro[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-b]pyridines 7a–c and 13a–c via a late-stage reduction (Scheme 2 and Table 1). Whilst several synthetic approaches towards 2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzothiazoles involving the hydrogenation of 1,3-benzothiazoles have been described [20], the corresponding preparation

Synthesis of 2,2-difluoro-1,3-diketone and 2,2-difluoro-1,3-ketoester derivatives using fluorine gas

• Alexander S. Hampton,
• David R. W. Hodgson,
• Graham McDougald,
• Linhua Wang and
• Graham Sandford

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 460–469, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.41

• lithium hexamethyldisilazane following a literature procedure reported by Liu and co-workers (see Supporting Information File 1) [44]. Subsequently, difluorinations of DBM substrates 1b–n were performed under conditions similar to those optimized for the preparation of 3a. The desired difluorinated

(E,Z)-1,1,1,4,4,4-Hexafluorobut-2-enes: hydrofluoroolefins halogenation/dehydrohalogenation cascade to reach new fluorinated allene

• Nataliia V. Kirij,
• Andrey A. Filatov,
• Yurii L. Yagupolskii,
• Sheng Peng and
• Lee Sprague

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 452–459, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.40

• -1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-enes have been investigated. A simple, one-pot procedure for the preparation of a new allene (1,1,4,4,4-pentafluorobuta-1,2-diene) and some of its transformations is presented. Keywords: allenes; dehydrohalogenation; halogenation; 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-enes; isomerization

• demonstrated that 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene reacts with dithietane, sulfur and KF with the formation of the corresponding 1,3-dithiole [16]. Also, a recent patent presents a method for the preparation of 5,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazine-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester starting from 1,1,1,4,4,4

Mono or double Pd-catalyzed C–H bond functionalization for the annulative π-extension of 1,8-dibromonaphthalene: a one pot access to fluoranthene derivatives

• Nahed Ketata,
• Linhao Liu,
• Ridha Ben Salem and
• Henri Doucet

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 427–435, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.37

• -catalyzed annulative π-extension of 1,8-dibromonaphthalene for the preparation of fluoranthenes in a single operation has been investigated. With specific arenes such as fluorobenzenes, the Pd-catalyzed double functionalization of C–H bonds yields the desired fluoranthenes. The reaction proceeds via a

• palladium-catalyzed direct intermolecular arylation, followed by a direct intramolecular arylation step. As the C–H bond activation of several benzene derivatives remains very challenging, the preparation of fluoranthenes from 1,8-dibromonaphthalene via Suzuki coupling followed by intramolecular C–H

• contrast, only a few examples of fluoranthene backbone preparation by Pd-catalyzed C–H arylation have been reported. Some examples of the preparation of this skeleton by Suzuki coupling followed by intramolecular C–H coupling have been described [18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. In 2017, Metin, Türkmen and co

Green and sustainable approaches for the Friedel–Crafts reaction between aldehydes and indoles

• Periklis X. Kolagkis,
• Eirini M. Galathri and
• Christoforos G. Kokotos

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 379–426, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.36

Mechanisms for radical reactions initiating from N-hydroxyphthalimide esters

• Carlos R. Azpilcueta-Nicolas and
• Jean-Philip Lumb

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 346–378, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.35

• Carlos R. Azpilcueta-Nicolas Jean-Philip Lumb Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada 10.3762/bjoc.20.35 Abstract Due to their ease of preparation, stability, and diverse reactivity, N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) esters have found

• -rich (hetero)aryl halides was equally effective (Scheme 36). In addition, the preparation of unnatural amino acids in multigram scale [115], along with the syntheses of complex terpenes [116] and (+)-calcipotriol [117] have showcased the vast synthetic potential and broad applicability of NHPI esters

Facile approach to N,O,S-heteropentacycles via condensation of sterically crowded 3H-phenoxazin-3-one with ortho-substituted anilines

• Eugeny Ivakhnenko,
• Vasily Malay,
• Pavel Knyazev,
• Nikita Merezhko,
• Nadezhda Makarova,
• Oleg Demidov,
• Gennady Borodkin,
• Andrey Starikov and
• Vladimir Minkin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 336–345, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.34

• probes, organic light-emitting diodes, and organic solar cells [2][7][8][9]. The principal way for the preparation of these heterocycles involves the coupling of 3H-phenoxazin-3-ones with variously functionalized aromatic amines. This is followed by the cyclization of the initially formed adducts [10][11

• ) possible. By using a similar procedure to that applied to the synthesis of compounds 4, we succeeded in the preparation of 14Н-quinoxaline[2,3-b]phenoxazine derivatives 5 (Scheme 3). The nitrogen atoms in the oxazine and pyrazine rings of 5, N(7), N(12), and N(14), offer three possible positions for the N

• successfully under the conditions applied to the preparation of 14H-quinoxaline[2,3-b]phenoxazines 5. The reaction proceeds readily with o-mercaptoaniline to produce the benzo[5,6][1,4]oxazino[2,3-b]phenothiazine derivative 10c (Scheme 6). Electronic absorption spectra of the prepared 14Н-quinoxaline[2,3-b

Synthesis of π-conjugated polycyclic compounds by late-stage extrusion of chalcogen fragments

• Aissam Okba,
• Pablo Simón Marqués,
• Kyohei Matsuo,
• Naoki Aratani,
• Hiroko Yamada,
• Gwénaël Rapenne and
• Claire Kammerer

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 287–305, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.30

• , Nara 630-0192, Japan Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan 10.3762/bjoc.20.30 Abstract The “precursor approach” has proved particularly valuable for the preparation of insoluble and unstable π-conjugated polycyclic compounds (π-CPCs), which cannot be

• investigations at the single molecule scale of π-CPCs, which could otherwise not be synthesized and/or deposited on surface. As seen above, the “precursor approach” has proved particularly valuable i) for the preparation of insoluble and unstable π-CPCs which cannot be synthesized (and purified) via conventional

• thiepines were progressively isolated as a result of very diverse synthetic strategies [46][47][48][49], which were further applied to the preparation of stable selenepines and tellurepines [50][51][52][53]. Extrusion reactions from sulfur-, selenium- and tellurium-containing compounds have long been