Intermolecular water attack to alkenylgold carbenes derived from 3-propargylindoles

• Lorena Renedo,
• Marta Solas,
• Samuel Suárez-Pantiga and
• Roberto Sanz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 1221–1228, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.98

• position is primarily related to the preparation of the starting substrates rather than to a limitation of the gold-catalyzed transformation itself. Our synthetic route to the required 3-propargylindoles relies on a Brønsted acid-catalyzed substitution of indoles with propargylic alcohols. This process

An undecacyclic carbon-centered hydrocarbon radical: synthesis and investigation

• Ali S. Acan,
• Johannes Werner and
• Joachim Podlech

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 1196–1204, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.95

• by preparation of the corresponding boronated building block 12, followed by Suzuki coupling with a dibromofluorene building block 13, and concluded by a double ortho-cyclization and subsequent rearomatization. Pinacol (Pin) boronate 12 was synthesized from commercially available fluorene 8. Initial

The surprising reaction of (chloro- and methanesulfonyloxy)(phenyl)methylphosphonates and –(phenyl)methylphosphine oxides with potassium diphenylphosphide followed by oxidation

• Zsuzsanna Szalai,
• Janka Bednárik,
• András Miskó,
• Angéla Takács,
• László Kőhidai,
• László Drahos and
• György Keglevich

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 1160–1167, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.93

• -hydroxyphosphonates, and comprise the corresponding bisphosphonic acids that are called dronic acids, and used in the treatment of bone diseases like osteoporosis [17][18][19][20]. We have interest in the synthesis of dronic acid derivatives [21], and also in the preparation of bisphosphonic derivatives in a broader

• introduction of electron-donating methyl-substituents in the para-position of the P-phenyl rings. The results suggest that these compounds are suitable candidates for further development and structural refinement. Conclusion The preparation of the ((chloro- and methanesulfonyloxy)(phenyl)methyl)phosphonates

• pathways (methods A and B) for the preparation of (diarylphosphinyl)(aryl)methyl diphenylphosphinates 8 starting from the corresponding (hydroxy(aryl)methyl)(diaryl)phosphine oxides 14. Unexpected route following the mesylation of (hydroxy(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl)(diphenyl)phosphine oxide (14f). Supporting

Controlled supramolecular assemblies of luminescent tridentate cyclometalated alkynylgold(III) amphiphiles in aqueous media

• Kelvin Sze-Yim Cai,
• Brian Boyan Liu and
• Franco King-Chi Leung

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 1097–1106, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.88

• , 665.2801; found, 665.2846. Preparation of aqueous sample: GA (13.4 mM, 1.0 wt %) was dissolved in fresh Milli-Q water (MQ water). The solution was heated at 50.0 °C for 5 min, then slowly cooled to 20.0 °C at a rate of 1.0 °C/min to form assembled structures. UV–vis spectroscopy: UV–vis measurements were

One-pot four-component sequential synthesis of S-alkyl dithiocarbamates using lipase as a biocatalyst

• Mansour Shahedi,
• Pargol Tahmasebi pour and
• Zohreh Habibi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 1048–1056, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.83

• preparation of diverse organic molecules [36]. Building on this research, the present work explores the application of lipase catalytic promiscuity in the synthesis of S-alkyl dithiocarbamates, expanding the utility of lipases in the creation of valuable organic compounds. Results and Discussion Initially

• formed from an amine and carbon disulfide, without isolation of intermediates. Under mild reaction conditions, 15 derivatives were obtained in good to excellent yields. Beyond the preparation of the target compounds, this study highlights the potential of lipase catalytic promiscuity in sequential

Synthesis and optical resolution of 4,5-diaminohomoadamantane: a promising scaffold for chiral ligands and bioactive compounds

• Polina A. Man’kova,
• Vadim A. Shiryaev,
• Olga S. Podlipnova,
• Marat M. Khisyamov,
• Dmitry S. Nikerov,
• Alexander N. Reznikov and
• Yuri N. Klimochkin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 1013–1022, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.80

• , homoadamantan-4-ene (2) was obtained from homoadamantan-4-ol (1). In 1969, a method for the preparation of alkene 2 from homoadamant-4-yl tosylate was proposed [85]. However, the formation of methyl tosylate and the need for purification of the product reduces its usefulness. We herein report an improved method

Rh(III)-catalyzed chelation-assisted C–H activation/annulation of 2-arylimidazolines with cyclic diazo-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds: a novel approach to tetracyclic annulated derivatives of 2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-a]isoquinoline

• Ivan Lyutin,
• Grigory Kantin,
• Olga Bakulina and
• Dmitry Dar'in

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 997–1003, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.78

• )-catalysis for the first time. The developed general and efficient approach based on CH-activation allowed the efficient preparation of five novel types of tetraheterocyclic systems derived from 2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-a]isoquinolines fused with an additional five-, six- or seven-membered carbocycle or N-/O

• reaction time or changing the temperature did not improve the result as well (Table 1, entries 8–11). The type of solvent was also found to be critical for this reaction – using dichloroethane allowed preparation of compound 4a in a lower, but still noticeable, yield of 60%, while no target product was

• and 5-methyl-substituted derivatives provided a series of products 4h–l and 4q in 61–93% yields. To our delight, 5-oxa- and 4-aza-analogs of diazo-1,3-cyclohexanedione and diazo 1,3-diketones with other ring sizes (5 and 7) were also found suitable for this reaction, which allowed preparation of four

Novel macrocycles: from synthesis to supramolecular function

• Veronica Iuliano,
• Carmen Talotta,
• Margherita De Rosa,
• Paolo Della Sala,
• Konrad Tiefenbacher,
• Pablo Ballester and
• Carmine Gaeta

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 982–985, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.76

• derivatives that assemble into homo- and heterodimeric supramolecular capsules. This work establishes adaptable synthetic platforms for the preparation of increasingly complex supramolecular architectures. The development of such multifunctional systems can also help address major environmental challenges

Synthesis of sterically shielded piperidine nitroxides via acid-catalyzed heterocyclization of β-aminoketone derivatives with ketones

• Mark M. Gulman,
• Yurii I. Glazachev and
• Sergey A. Dobrynin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 948–954, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.74

• signals of the dioxolane moiety protons, confirming complete deprotection. The signal intensities for the methylene protons at the 3- and 5-positions of the heterocycle were remarkably diminished due to H/D exchange under the acidic conditions employed for sample preparation. All EPR spectra were

Recent advances in copper-catalyzed direct hydroamination of alkenes with (hetero)aromatic amines

• Hyejeong Lee and
• Yunmi Lee

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 925–947, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.73

• was generated in situ via the reaction of the ligand-bound Cu–Ot-Bu intermediate Int-I with the amine substrate. In contrast to the NHC–CuNHPh catalyst system reported by the Gunnoe group, which requires the preparation of a preformed NHC–CuNHPh complex, the present protocol generates catalytically

A practical CO₂-mediated synthesis of 5,6-carboxylated silicon-rhodamines for targeted probe development

• Dongjie Hou,
• Shaowei Wu,
• Ning Xu,
• Pengjun Bao,
• Wenhao Jia,
• Qinglong Qiao and
• Zhaochao Xu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 915–924, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.72

• practical utility. In addition, the preparation of protected carboxy-group containing substrates is often cumbersome [46], especially in the synthesis of (hydroxymethyl)rhodamine intermediates, thereby further increasing synthetic complexity [41]. To overcome these limitations, Butkevich developed an

Palladium-catalyzed benzocyclization reactions of quinoline-2-carboxamides via sequential C–H/N–H functionalization

• Shoichi Sugita,
• Kentaro Okano and
• Atsunori Mori

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 905–914, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.71

• allow facile preparation of aromatic amines (Scheme 1c) [28][29][30][31]. In general, intramolecular C–H arylation reactions in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst have been reported extensively in recent years. These reactions enable an efficient formation of fused-ring systems [32][33][34][35

• preparation of annulation precursors through o-brominated aniline derivatives [36][37][38][39][40][41]. Furthermore, the reported methodologies for synthesizing N-heterocycle-fused lactams are characterized by either low efficiency or protracted processes [42][43]. On the other hand, benzocyclization

Cascade transformation of 2-(diazoacetyl)-2H-azirines to 2-aroyl-3-hydroxy-1H-pyrroles via condensation with aromatic aldehydes

• Timur O. Zanakhov,
• Ekaterina E. Galenko,
• Mikhail S. Novikov and
• Alexander F. Khlebnikov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 897–904, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.70

• described so far [23][24], optimization of the reaction conditions was carried out with the aim of developing a new method for the preparation of 2-aroyl-3-hydroxypyrroles (Table 1). Thus, as a result of optimization it was found that the best yields of pyrrole 5a was achieved by treating the reaction

Chiral cyclopropenimine-catalyzed enantioselective Michael reactions of phenol and benzofuran-derived α,β-unsaturated pyrazolamides with benzophenone-imine of glycine esters

• Ya Bai,
• Xue-Ying Wang,
• Si-Kai Zhu,
• Yan-Ting Shen,
• Sheng-Yong Zhang and
• Ping-An Wang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 888–896, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.69

• base-catalyzed Michael reaction of 1a and 2a. The preparation of β-substituted α,β-unsaturated pyrazolamides 5. CSB-1-catalyzed Michael additions between compounds compounds 2 and 5. In situ acidic hydrolysis and lactamization of 6. The screening of reaction conditionsa. Supporting Information

Site-specific labelling of native peptides and proteins: chemical and enzymatic strategies

• Antonio Angelastro,
• Jonathan Bargh,
• Subhajit Guria,
• Victor Laserna and
• Louis Luk

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 857–881, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.67

• sortase. Optimisations using depsipeptides or coupling strategies have further improved conversion efficiency and reduced reagent consumption [144]. Due to its ease of preparation, large libraries of sortase variants have been generated and screened to expand substrate scope [143]. In one example, sortase

• approaches provide scalability due to the relative ease of reagent preparation (see above for detailed discussion). Overall, however, the success of any given method is often case-dependent, reflecting the diversity of protein and peptide sequences and structures. Factors such as protein preparation can also

• . In general, highly substrate-promiscuous enzymes require more complex preparation procedures, which can hinder their engineering, whereas highly selective enzymes are easier to handle but depend on defined recognition sequences. Ultimately, we found that there is no single strategy simultaneously

Unsymmetrical sulfoxides with sterically hindered catechol fragment: synthesis, structure, electrochemical properties, and antiradical activity

• Daria A. Burmistrova,
• Vasiliy A. Fokin,
• Oleg P. Demidov,
• Mikhail A. Kiskin,
• Maxim V. Arsenyev,
• Andrey I. Poddel’sky,
• Nadezhda T. Berberova and
• Ivan V. Smolyaninov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 828–837, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.65

• soft sulfoxide group within a single molecule also provides a basis for the preparation of metal complexes with unusual properties. The aim of the present work is to synthesize new unsymmetrical sulfoxides bearing hydrocarbon fragments derived from catechol thioethers, to study their structure and

Total synthesis of the capsular polysaccharide repeating unit towards the development of a glycoconjugate vaccine against Klebsiella pneumoniae ST512

• Shuo Zhang,
• Ondřej Daněk and
• Peter H. Seeberger

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 821–827, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.64

• . The total synthesis commenced with the preparation of the orthogonally protected monosaccharide building blocks 1–4 (Scheme 1). Galactoside 1 was synthesized starting from the β-selective glycosylation of thioglycoside 5 [30] with aminopentyl linker 6. This reaction was promoted by N-iodosuccinimide

• evaluation. This work represents a key step toward the development of semi-synthetic glycoconjugate vaccines against multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae. Structure of the K. pneumoniae ST512 CPS repeating unit and retrosynthetic analysis. Preparation of building blocks 1–4. Synthesis of hexasaccharide

Knoevenagel condensation of 4,5- and 1,8-diazafluorenes

• Darya S. Cheshkina,
• Christina S. Becker,
• Alina A. Sonina and
• Maxim S. Kazantsev

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 803–812, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.62

• diazafluorenes’ nature and solvent influence on the mechanism and reactivity. We also identified conditions allowing the preparation of both 4,5- and 1,8-diazafluorenylidenes in yields up to 85% minimizing complicated synthetic or experimental workup procedures. Additionally, the condensation of diazafluorenes

• found that acidic conditions allow the preparation of both 4,5- and 1,8-diazafluorenylidenes in yields up to 85%. The basicity of the diazafluorenes was demonstrated to be different and the reaction of 1,8-diazafluorene is impeded because of electrostatic repulsion of the protonated tautomer and the

• immediately after preparation and 6 hours later for solutions of 1 and 2 in pure CD3COOD and in CD3OD with a drop of CD3COOD. Remarkably, 4,5-diazafluorene did not undergo protonation in both experiments – only the signals of the neutral form of 1 were identified (see Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1

Synthetic study of vic-bromination of diarylacetylenes, easy purification and separation

• Akane Togo,
• Hiyono Suzuki,
• Yuto Akai,
• Makoto Matsumoto,
• Yoshinori Suzuma,
• Hidehiko Kodama and
• Kouichi Matsumoto

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 795–802, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.61

• present reaction. Reaction optimization of bromination reaction of diphenylacetylene (1a). Scope and limitations for bromination of various diarylacetylenes 1. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 24: General remarks, preparation of substrates, experimental procedure, characterization data

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of FXR/ASK1 dual-target modulators

• Xi Zhang,
• Jingyan Wang,
• Ziqiang Zhao,
• Caiyi Wang,
• Zenghui Ye,
• Wei-Yuan Ma,
• Jian-Xing Xu and
• Fengzhi Zhang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 771–781, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.59

• preparation of triazole intermediates IXa–d is shown in Scheme 5. Firstly, compound VI was reacted with hydrazine hydrate in methanol to obtain hydrazide VII which was mixed with DMF/DMA and heated to provide intermediate VIII. The obtained VIII was not purified and directly reacted with different amines to

• LiOH or lithium aluminum hydride to obtain compounds Z4–7. The synthesis of compounds Z8–15 followed a similar preparation procedure as for Z1–7. The synthesis of target compounds Z16–29 is illustrated in Scheme 7. Intermediates 8 and 10 were synthesized by the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction using

Preparation of 3-(alkylamino)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carbaldehydes via Kornblum oxidation and unexpected ring-opening reactions of the corresponding alcohols under oxidative conditions

• Sandile J. Mkhize,
• Memory Zimuwandeyi,
• Manuel A. Fernandes,
• Amanda L. Rousseau and
• Moira L. Bode

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 763–770, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.58

• derivatives have been found to be of interest in the development of organic materials with interesting properties [11][12]. The importance of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines is evidenced by the plethora of recent review articles covering methods for their preparation [13][14][15][16] and functionalisation reactions

• . Compound 9f was also successfully converted into 13f under the conditions shown in Table 1. Nenajdenko et al. reported a few examples of the preparation of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-amine ethyl esters starting from ethyl glyoxylate in toluene and using ammonium chloride as a catalyst in yields of 30–35% [26

• ]. With the relatively facile preparation of esters 13a–d and 13f now demonstrated, we shifted our focus to investigate possible routes to compounds such as 8, that have not been reported previously. There were three immediate possibilities to consider: i) reaction of the ester directly with 2

Rongalite addition to dienones: diastereoselectivity in cyclic sulfone synthesis; stereochemical rationalization and prospects as a general conjugate nucleophile

• Melina Goga,
• Hao Zong,
• James Franco,
• Jazmine Prana,
• Rudolph Michel,
• Antonia Muro,
• Elana Rubin,
• Janet Brenya,
• Henk Eshuis and
• Magnus W. P. Bebbington

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 742–752, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.56

• [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Importantly for our work, it can also act as an equivalent of the unstable hyposulfite (SO22−) ion (Figure 1) [15][16]. The reagent was first used for the preparation of symmetrical sulfones as early as 1971 [17], but interest in the reagent has increased dramatically

• sought confirmation of the structures of the minor and major diastereomers in our own hands. Noting that preparation of sulfides by double conjugate addition of Na2S or NaSH has been widely studied, and that the stereochemical assignments presented therein are in some cases supported by X-ray

• -toluenesulfinate to dibenzalacetone (Scheme 5). Diadducts 25 and 27 were isolated as inseparable 3:2 and 4:3 mixtures of diastereomers, respectively. From these experiments, we observed the following: 1) double conjugate addition of methanesulfinate occurs readily, such that selective preparation of monoadduct 24

Synthesis of heterocycles based on azomethine ylides from α-amino acids (or amines) and carbonyl compounds

• Ekaterina V. Berezhnaya,
• Alexander I. Ponyaev,
• Vitali M. Boitsov and
• Alexander V. Stepakov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 705–741, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.55

• with a dipolarophile, such as an alkene or alkyne, to form a five-membered heterocycle in one step. Currently, this type of reaction allows for the efficient preparation of bi- and polycyclic fused or spiro-linked structures with multiple chiral centers and high regio- and stereocontrol [1][2][3][4

• chiral metal complexes of Ag(I), Cu(I/II), Zn(II), Ni(II) with ligands of the Segphos, Fesulfos, or Biphamphos type [12][13][14][15]. Such catalytic systems control the enantioselectivity of cycloaddition and allow the preparation of enantioenriched pyrrolidines containing several stereocenters in high

• activity. In 2022, Wang and Teng developed an efficient method for the preparation of enantioenriched derivatives of 3,3-difluoro- and 3,3,4-trifluoropyrrolidines 33 in yields of up to 97% via Cu(I)-catalyzed enantioselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides to 1,1-difluoro- and 1,1,2

Anti-invasive and cytotoxic evaluation of a (+)-pinoresinol-based semisynthetic library against glioblastoma

• Chen Zhang,
• Kah Yean Lum,
• Jonathan M. White,
• Paul I. Forster,
• Nicholas Booth,
• Sunita A. Ramesh and
• Rohan A. Davis

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 691–704, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.54

• (3.59) nm; ECD (MeOH) λext (Δε) 208 (+6.25), 256 (−0.08), 282 (+0.26) nm; see Supporting Information File 1 for 1H and 13C NMR data in CDCl3; LRESIMS m/z: [M + Na]+ 381, [M − H]− 357; HRESIMS m/z: [M + Na]+ calcd for C20H22NaO6, 381.1308; found, 381.1307. Preparation and purification of semisynthetic

• DMEM containing 2% FBS and 100 U/mL Pen-Strep. The flask was placed at 37 °C and 5% CO2 for 24 h of starvation. Insert preparation 40 µL of Matrigel (1:40 dilution) was added to each insert, followed by fixing for 5 min under UV light in a biosafety cabinet. The inserts were left to dry overnight in

• the biosafety cabinet. After 24 h, 50 µL of FBS-free DMEM with 100 U/mL Pen-Strep was added to each insert and placed in the incubator at 37 °C and 5% CO2 to rehydrate for 1 h. Cell preparation Medium from the starved cells was aspirated, and the cells were washed with 10 mL of 1× PBS. The PBS was

Synthesis of depressin, cryptomeridiol and 4-epi-cryptomeridiol enabled by a terpenoid chiral pool-producing platform

• Yao Kong,
• Tao Wang,
• Chen Wang,
• Pengcheng Zhang,
• Yuanning Liu,
• Kaibiao Wang,
• Fen Liu,
• Hongli Jia and
• Zhengren Xu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 683–690, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.53

• -cryptomeridiol (3). Synthesis of depressin (1), cryptomeridiol (2), and 4-epi-cryptomeridiol (3). a) Synthetic route of 1 starting from casbene (4). b) Preparation of 2,4-nitrophenylhydrazone derivative of 13-ketocasbene (9) for X-ray diffraction. c) Synthetic route of 2 and 3 starting from germacrene A (5